Chinese name: Yongzheng

Also known as Yin Zhen, Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty.

Gender: male

Year: Qing Dynasty

Nationality: Manchu

Date of birth and death: 1678— 1735.

Related events: soil improvement and reflux

biography

Aisingiorro Yinzhen (A.D. 1678- 1735), the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, succeeded to the throne after Kangxi's death and became the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty. 13 years, legend has it that Lv Siniang, a chivalrous woman, was assassinated at the age of 58. One said that he died of natural causes and was buried in Tailing, Hebei Province (now Yixian West, Hebei Province).

Yong Zhengdi Yin Zhen was born in the 17th year of Kangxi (1678). At the age of eight, he toured the north with Kangxi. /kloc-went hunting at the age of 0/0 and named Beizi. At the age of 32, he was named Prince Yong. Introduction to Yongzheng After Kangxi's death, 45-year-old Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne.

When it comes to Yongzheng's accession to the throne, it has always been considered a mystery. The most popular saying among the people is that Yong Zhengdi colluded with Longkodo and tampered with the imperial edict, changing the biography of fourteen sons into the biography of four sons. But this statement is obviously a rumor. The reasons are as follows: First, the imperial edicts of succession in Qing Dynasty were written in Manchu and Chinese, one in Manchu and the other in Chinese. Even if Chinese can be modified, Manchu is composed of letters and cannot be modified. Second, in the Qing Dynasty, the names of governors generally had the word "emperor", such as the emperor's four sons and the emperor's fourteen sons. Therefore, if the imperial edict is handed over to fourteen sons, it should be written, and the fourteen sons of the emperor should also be handed over. If it is written like this, there is no possibility of changing the cross into a word.

So why did Emperor Kangxi pass the throne to Yong Zhengdi? Some scholars believe that Kangxi chose Yongzheng for two main reasons. First of all, Yongzheng made outstanding achievements in Kangxi's later years, taking charge of the household department and working hard. Secondly, Emperor Kangxi was a saint, but he was a little too kind in his later years, which led to official corruption. Emperor Kangxi was deeply aware of this, so for the sake of the Qing Dynasty, he wanted to choose a prince who could completely rectify the official management, so the fourth son of the emperor, who was famous for his upright officials, entered the sight of the old emperor. In addition, Yong Zhengdi's son Li Hong, later Emperor Qianlong, won the favor of Emperor Kangxi and personally took it with him. Kangxi chose Yongzheng, largely to ensure that there were two generations of good emperors in the Qing Dynasty. It can also be said that Yongzheng's accession to the throne also touched the light of children. Therefore, the rumor that Yongzheng usurped the throne should be deliberately created by his political opponents and has no historical basis.

After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, he severely suppressed his brother who competed with him for the throne, imprisoned for a long time, killed his younger brother Yun Si Tang Yun, and denounced Kangxi's cronies on the pretext of imprisoning and killing Long Keduo and Nianda. In order to deal with political enemies and enemies, he practiced spy rule and created an assassination weapon called the guillotine with desperate knights. During the assassination, the guillotine was placed on the victim's head. When the organ was moved, his head was cut into a bag and then turned into blood with bone-setting medicine.

During Yongzheng's reign, in the southwest minority areas, some measures were taken, such as improving the soil and returning to the flow, which put down the rebellion of the Heshuo nobles in Qinghai and countered the harassment of the Zhungeer nobles, and concluded the Sino-Russian Blenski Border Treaty and the Sino-Russian Chaktu Border Treaty with Russia, delineating the middle border between China and Russia. At the same time, Yongzheng promoted the literary inquisition, severely suppressed the anti-Qing ideological trend among intellectuals, and tried to strengthen the monarchy.

Yongzheng stepped onto the historical stage in the form of social stagnation in the early stage of Kangxi's prosperous period-the last year of Kangxi. The complicated social contradictions provided Yongzheng with opportunities to display his ambitions and talents. He was far-sighted and persistent, and carried out a number of major reforms step by step. In thirteen years, it achieved fruitful results, which laid a solid foundation for future generations and reached its peak in the Qianlong period. His historical position is not inferior to Naifu Kangxi and Naizi Gan Long. Although he is cold, suspicious and harsh, he is secondary to his grades.

Before Yongzheng, Manchu rulers had no clear inheritance rules, so after the death of Nurhachi and Kangxi, there were two struggles for the throne. Yongzheng learned this lesson and thought that the establishment of a prince was a national plan, which was different from general politics. It cannot be agreed by ministers, but should be decided by the emperor at will. But if the prince is publicly established, it will cause brothers to fight and lead to disaster. Therefore, he decided to choose the imperial edict of the Crown Prince himself. After the emperor died, the eunuch in charge took it out and read it out in public.

In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), on August 23rd, the eunuch saw that Yongzheng had not got up at dusk and there was no movement in his account, so he became confused and went to tell the queen. It is said that the queen came to uncover the dragon account and saw that Yongzheng had died suddenly in bed. The truth was kept secret in the palace until later. It turns out that during the Yongzheng period, there was a reclusive scholar in Zhejiang named Lv Liuliang, who wrote many books. After his death, someone reported that his works had anti-Qing thoughts, and Yongzheng ordered the gut to be cut open and killed; Books were burned, some descendants and clansmen were killed, and some were exiled to Heilongjiang; Lv Liuliang's granddaughter Lv Siniang learned martial arts. She knew in advance that the court had destroyed her home, so she fled her hometown with her mother, hiding her name and wandering the rivers and lakes. Determined to avenge this family. One night seven years later, she turned into Yuanmingyuan, sneaked into the emperor's bedroom and assassinated Yongzheng on the dragon bed.

Some people think that the assassination of Yongzheng is purely a legend, but in fact Yongzheng died of overwork. According to the Living Manual, A Record of the Yong and Gan Dynasties, and the Draft of Qing History, it was a normal death.

After the death of Yongzheng, the name of the temple was Emperor Sejong Xian, and the historical name was Yong Zhengdi.

The fate of Emperor Kangxi: How many brothers did Yongzheng kill when he ascended the throne?

The Fate of Emperor Kangxi: Yongzheng wrote about "seeking father", "forcing mother", "killing elder brother", "killing younger brother", "greedy for money", "easy to kill", "drinking", * * * ","easy to admire "and" arbitrary "in his book" Dream of Great Justice ". However, contrary to expectations, shattered glass, self-defeating, became darker and darker, leaving a vivid and tortuous historical story.

So what is the truth? Can Yongzheng's above charges be established? Let's analyze them one by one:

Did Yongzheng poison the emperor's father?

One theory is that Emperor Kangxi was poisoned by drinking Yin Zhen's ginseng chicken soup. This statement is not only contrary to emotion, but also unreasonable in ethics, jurisprudence and reason. From the analysis of the specific environment and surrounding conditions at that time, it was not only against historical facts, but also impossible.

Did Yongzheng force his own mother to death?

"The Mystery of the Great Sense of Justice" said: "I forced my mother in the name of books." It seems that Yongzheng's theory of "forcing mother" was widely circulated at that time. Wu Yashi, the biological mother of Yongzheng, gave birth to three sons: Yin Zhen, Ginza (who died at the age of five) and Ginza. Legend has it that after Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Yin Gui was transferred back to Beijing to be imprisoned. His mother wanted to see Yin Gui, but Yongzheng refused. In a rage, the Queen Mother was killed on an iron pillar. Wu Yashi witnessed her son Yin Gui being imprisoned. Can she not be angry as the empress dowager? People naturally associate the death of Yongzheng's mother with his imprisoned brother.

Did Yongzheng kill his brother?

When Yong Zhengdi succeeded to the throne, he faced dissatisfaction and challenges from his brothers. When the news of the collapse of Kangxi came out, Beijing and Kowloon were closed for six days, so Faye Wong ordered that they were not allowed to enter ouchi. The situation is tense. At that time, there were 15 princes who reached the age of 20: eldest brother, second brother, third brother, fifth brother, seventh brother, starling, Jiu Ge, tenth brother and twelfth brother.

He offended the emperor's father in the waste prince, was knighted, and lived in a mansion. Emperor Kangxi sent Belle Yanshou and others to guard the prison in turn, and strictly ordered that those who were negligent in their duties should be ruled by their families. Yin Zhai has become a dead tiger and will never see the sky again. In the twelfth year of Yongzheng (1734), he died and was buried with a gift from Beizi.

Second brother abolished Prince Yan.

Imprisoned in Xian 'an Palace. Yongzheng is still not at ease. On the one hand, he was named king of the county, on the other hand, he ordered to build a house in Zhengjiazhuang, Qixian County, Shanxi Province, and moved the Yin people to confinement. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Yin Ren died.

Saint Yin Zhi.

Ben was not very enthusiastic about the Crown Prince and devoted himself to compiling books, but he was also implicated. After Yongzheng acceded to the throne, on the grounds of "Yin Zhi is closely related to the Prince", he ordered Yin Zhi to guard Jingling and sent him to Zunhua to guard the mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi. Yin Zhi is unhappy, and it is inevitable that she will complain privately. Yongzheng know, simply took the title of Yin Zhijun, imprisoned in jingshan yongan pavilion. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yin Zhi died.

The fifth brother, Yin Qi, once led Zhenghuangqi's camp and was later called Taiziheng. Yin Qi did not form a political party, nor did it fight for storage. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he used this as an excuse to cut his son's title. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), Yin Qi died.

Seven brothers, Yosuke.

He died in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1630).

Eight younger brothers, Quinn.

He is the best and most talented of the Yongzheng brothers. However, "Sejong deeply regrets the abolition of the Crown Prince." After Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, Yin Gui and his followers were regarded as a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh. Yin CuO knows that he is often unhappy. Yongzheng succeeded to the throne and played a two-faced trick: first, he named Yin Cuo as a prince-his Fujin said to those who came to congratulate him, "What's the purpose?" I can't help worrying about the leader! "This word reached Yongzheng and ordered Fujin to return to her family. Soon, under an excuse, Ginza knelt in front of the ancestral temple for a day and a night. Later, he was ordered to behead the Crown Prince, and the high wall was forbidden, so he changed his name to "Akina". Scholars have different interpretations of the word "Achina", which used to mean "pig", but recently some scholars have interpreted it as "shameless". Ginza was imprisoned again, tortured and eventually killed.

Nine brothers, Yin Gui.

Because of the subordinate relationship with Yin Gui, it is also not allowed by Yongzheng. Yin Yan knew Yongzheng's introduction in his heart and said privately, "I'm going to be a monk and die!" Yongzheng can't allow Yi Yin to become a monk! He arrested and imprisoned him on the pretext of removing the yellow belt and cutting down the genealogy. It was renamed "Seth Black". The word "Seth Black" used to mean "dog", but recently some scholars interpreted it as "shameless". Soon, Yi Yin was sentenced to 28 counts, escorted to Baoding, locked mechanically, and ordered the governor of Zhili, Guli, to imprison him. Yi Yin was tortured in Baoding prison and died of abdominal disease in a secluded place. Legend has it that he was poisoned.

Ten brothers, Yi Yin.

Because of the party's attachment, it was hated by Yongzheng. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Zhebuzun Danba Hutuketu came to Beijing and died. He sent the shrine (kān) to Gurkha (now the Mongolian Republic) and ordered Yin Zhi (jο) to print books and give wine. Yin said that he was ill and could not move forward, so he lived in Zhangjiakou. In the same year, he was stripped of his title and brought back to the capital for detention. It was not until the second year of Qianlong (1737) that he was released and died.

Twelve brothers Yin Jia

At the end of Kangxi's reign, he served as the commander-in-chief of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria. He was highly valued and held a high position, but he did not form a party to seek a position. As soon as Yongzheng ascended the throne, he was named king of the county. It was quickly dismissed as "walking on the shell of a lonely mountain" by an excuse, that is, from the county king to a shell lower than Baylor, not giving real knights, only enjoying shell treatment. Soon, he was reduced to Zhen Guogong. After Qianlong ascended the throne, he was named Prince by Jin. Compared with other brothers, this Yin family lived to be 78 years old in the 28th year of Qianlong (1763).

Fourteenth brother Yin Gui

Although they were female compatriots with Yongzheng, they became sworn enemies and brothers because of his Party's position as "Yin Zhen" and the rumor that Kangxi died and Yongzheng Party changed to "Yin Zhen". Yongzheng ascended the throne. First, General Fuyuan was not allowed to go to the city to offer condolences, and he was ordered to guard the mausoleum of Emperor Zunhua, and then his father and son were imprisoned around the Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan. After Gan Long succeeded to the throne, he was released.

The fifteenth brother, Yin Qi.

After the death of Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng ordered him to guard Jingling.

There are three people who are better off: the thirteenth brother Huang Hong, the sixteenth brother Yin Lu and the seventeenth brother Li Yin.

Mr Andrew WONG

He was imprisoned by Kangxi for unknown reasons. Yongzheng succeeded to the throne, that is, Andrew was named Prince Yi, which was particularly creditable.

Yinlu

After Zhuang adopted it, Boguoduo attacked Zhuang.

Li Yin

Yongzheng succeeded to the throne and was made king. Later, he was promoted to be a prince, showing Huang's management of hospital affairs, and succeeded Zong Renfu's order to manage the household department.

Huang Hongfa and Li Yin obviously joined the "Yin Zhen Party" very early, but when Kangxi was alive, they were very secretive and not exposed.

Most of Kangxi's two dozen adult sons are very talented, which should be something to be happy about. But as an emperor, Emperor Kangxi was not happy at all. There can only be one heir, and the sons are so excellent that there will inevitably be infighting. As a father, Emperor Kangxi didn't want to see this happen, but it happened anyway.