Historical evolution Tangshan, named after Dacheng Mountain (formerly Tangshan) in the center of the city. Tangshan has a long history. As early as 40,000 years ago, people began to work and live. Shang Dynasty belongs to the solitary bamboo country, Warring States belongs to Yan Di, Han Dynasty belongs to Youzhou, and Qing Dynasty belongs to Yongping Prefecture and Zunhua Zhili Prefecture. Originally a village in the Tang Dynasty, it has developed to a certain extent since the Ming Dynasty, mainly used in agriculture, quarrying and pottery making. With the rise of "Westernization Movement" in the late Qing Dynasty, Kaiping Mining Bureau was established in Tangshan in the third year of Guangxu (1877), and advanced western technology was introduced to run mines and dig coal. Qiaotun Town was built in Tangshan in 1878, renamed Tangshan Town in 1889, and formally established in 1938. It is one of the birthplaces of modern industry in China. China's first modern coal mine, the first standard gauge railway, the first steam locomotive, the first bag of cement and the first piece of sanitary porcelain were born here, which is known as "the cradle of modern industry in China" and "the porcelain capital of the north".
Tangshan, with its mild climate, diverse landforms and fertile soil, is a rich producing area of various agricultural and sideline products, and is called "the treasure land of JD.COM". COM”。 The northern mountainous area is rich in dried and fresh fruits such as chestnut, walnut, apple and red fruit. COM chestnuts are well-known at home and abroad; The Central Plains region is rich in agricultural and sideline products such as corn, wheat, rice and peanuts, and is known as the "granary of Jidong". The southern coast is not only an important fishing ground in Bohai Bay, but also a concentrated producing area of crude salt. Nanpu Yantian is the largest Yantian in Asia. The coastline of coastal land is 196.5 km long, and the development potential of beaches and shallow seas is great. There are many kinds of mineral resources, large reserves, excellent texture, concentrated distribution and easy exploitation. At present, there are 47 kinds of mineral deposits with proven reserves. With a coal reserve of 6.25 billion tons, it is the main coking coal producing area in China. With a reserve of 5.75 billion tons, iron ore is one of the three major iron ore areas in China. The reserves of oil, natural gas, limestone and gold are also considerable.
Landscape culture Tangshan has rich cultural heritage and outstanding people. Qi Jiguang's allusions such as "Don't eat Zhou Su", "An old horse knows the way" and "Change barrels" all happened here. Tangshan is the birthplace of China Pingju. Pingju, Shadow Play and Laoting Drum are known as "Three Flowers in East Hebei" and have a wide influence at home and abroad. The Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing Dynasty is the largest existing royal mausoleum with the most complete architectural system in China, and is listed as a world cultural heritage. There are also many cultural and natural landscapes, such as the Great Wall, Zhong Jing, Bodhi Island, Treasure Beach, Li Dazhao Memorial Hall and its former residence, which have become good places to travel. Tangshan cuisine belongs to JD.COM cuisine, and its special snacks, such as honey, chess cakes and Wan Li spicy braised chicken, are very famous. There are many talented people here. Cao Xueqin, a world-famous literary master and author of A Dream of Red Mansions, was born in Tangshan. Cheng, the main founder of China Pingju, is from Luannan County, Tangshan. The hometown of Li Dazhao, a pioneer of China communist movement and one of the main founders of China, is Laoting County, Tangshan. Tangshan people are hardworking, intelligent, tenacious and creative. In the long-term revolution and construction, the special fighting spirit of Kailuan miners, xipu's "poor stick" spirit, Sha Shiyu's "contemporary foolish old man" spirit and the earthquake-resistant spirit condensed in earthquake relief have been forged, which are our precious spiritual wealth.
Urban environment. Tangshan is a new city rising after the earthquake, with clear urban functional zoning, supporting municipal facilities, fresh and beautiful environment and high level of modernization. Urban tap water penetration rate, gas penetration rate, centralized sewage treatment rate and heating penetration rate reached 100%, 97%, 65% and 83% respectively, all of which were at the leading level of similar cities in China. 1990 Tangshan was the first to win the honorary award of UN Habitat Award in China, and in 2004, it won the Best Model Award of UN Dubai International for Improving the Living Environment. Tangshan has convenient transportation. Jingtang Port, jointly built with Beijing, has been opened to more than 20 ports at home and abroad/kloc-0, ranking among the top 20 ports in China. Construction of Caofeidian Deepwater Wharf started in an all-round way. The three trunk railways of Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Qinhuangdao and Daqin pass through the national highways of Beijing-Yushu, Tang Qin and Jingtang, and the four expressways of Beijing-Shenyang (Tangshan section), Jintang, Tanggang and West Outer Ring are interwoven into a network, and the three-dimensional interchange around the city constitutes a modern transportation network.
Economic society. Since the reform and opening up, Tangshan's national economy and social undertakings have developed rapidly, and its comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced. Due to the 1976 earthquake, Tangshan was in the period of restoration and construction at the beginning of reform and opening up. 1986 After the resumption of work was basically completed, Tangshan's economic development entered the fast lane. 1988, the city's GNP doubled for the first time; 1994 doubled for the second time; 1996 entered the national top 50 comprehensive strength. The gross national product reached 202.7 billion yuan in 2005; The total fiscal revenue was 22.6 billion yuan. After the all-round development of agriculture and rural areas, the six dragon economies of fruits and vegetables, dairy, lean pigs, chestnuts, peanuts and aquatic products have been growing, and the operating rate of agricultural industrialization has reached 55%. Industry has formed pillar industries such as coal, steel, electric power, building materials, machinery, chemicals, ceramics, textiles and paper making, and four high-tech industrial clusters such as mechatronics, electronic information, bioengineering and new materials have made a solid start. As an important industrial base of energy and raw materials in China, Tangshan has a large number of large-scale backbone enterprises such as Kailuan, Tangshan Steel, Jidong Cement, rolling stock, Sanyou Alkali Industry and Tangshan Ceramics. Opening to the outside world has initially formed an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging pattern. In 2005, the city actually utilized 504 million US dollars of foreign capital, including 466,543.8 million US dollars of foreign direct investment. The total import and export volume of the year was 2.648 billion US dollars, of which the total export volume was165438+97 million US dollars. Products are exported to Korea, the United States, Japan and other 169 countries and regions. At the same time of economic development, the construction of spiritual civilization and various social undertakings have developed in an all-round way, and it has successively won national honorary titles such as the national advanced city of building a civilized city, the national model city of double support, the national sanitary city, and the national advanced city of landscaping. Generally speaking, people's life has reached a well-off level. In 2005, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers in the city reached 10488 yuan and 4582 yuan respectively.
Future development. At present, we have entered a new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization, and Tangshan is facing a good opportunity for future development. The provincial party committee and government have high hopes for the development of Tangshan, demanding that our city become the leader of the province's economic development and the regional economic center. We are determined to closely focus on the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, adhere to the overall situation of economic and social development with scientific development, give full play to the advantages of location, resources, ports and oceans, seize the unprecedented opportunity of the development and construction of Caofeidian Industrial Zone, emancipate our minds, keep pace with the times, be innovative and pragmatic, strive for the first place, implement the export-oriented strategy in depth, revitalize the city through science and education, urbanization and sustainable development, speed up the strategic adjustment of economic structure, improve the socialist market economic system and optimize the development environment. Maintain social stability, build socialist material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in an all-round way, build a harmonious Tangshan, adhere to the people-oriented principle, constantly improve people's living standards, and make unremitting efforts to achieve the goal of being at the forefront of the province.
In 2006, the total national tax revenue of Tangshan continued to rank first in the province, ranking 19 among cities in China. Compared with the position of 2 1 in 2005, it moved forward by 2 places. It has surpassed Jinan, Shenyang, Changchun, Xi, Harbin and other sub-provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans such as Dalian and Xiamen. In 2006, the city's national tax system organized a total tax revenue of1841800 million yuan, accounting for 105.25% of the annual plan, an increase of 2.885 billion yuan, or 18.6%.
A long history
Tangshan has a long and glorious history. According to archaeological confirmation, in ancient times, the ancestors of Tangshan flourished on this land. Zhaocun cultural site is about 45,000 years ago, and it was discovered by Mengjiaquan people about 17000 years ago. Paleolithic sites were discovered in Donghui Mountain and Junzikou, Luanxian County. Since 1950s, more than 20 Neolithic sites have been discovered in Tangshan, among which Dacheng Mountain in Tangshan, Xixizhai Village in Qianxi and Anxinzhuang in Qian 'an are representative. Archaeological discoveries after 1990s further prove that Tangshan people have already created splendid culture on this land, and Luanhe River Basin is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in China.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Tangshan belonged to an area where the northern country was an isolated bamboo country. At that time, people made three-legged flat-bottomed pottery by burning charcoal and mixing plates, and bronze wares were already made and used. The story of Boyi and Shu Qi in Zhuxiang has been passed down to this day. During the Warring States Period, Tangshan was under the jurisdiction of Yan State. At that time, the social productive forces were significantly improved, the economy and culture took a big step forward, and many exquisite pottery and bronzes appeared. Weapons and production tools are made of copper and iron. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Tangshan belonged to Northern County, Western Liaoning County and Youzhou County. During the Western Han Dynasty, people began to learn how to grow rice and build water conservancy projects. At the same time, develop iron smelting, cast iron and salt cooking, and set officials in charge of salt and iron. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tangshan still belonged to Youzhou Youbeiping County and Liaoxi County, and all ethnic groups living here learned from each other's strong points and realized the integration of national cultures. The Sui Dynasty changed the state, county and county level administration of the Han Dynasty to the state and county level, and now the eastern part of Tangshan area belongs to Beiping County. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Tangshan's economy was prosperous. In order to restore Liaodong, Emperor Taizong of Li Shimin sent troops to invade Korea. Tangshan is the only place to pass, leaving many beautiful legends of Li Shimin and Tangshan, so cities, forts and temples, fairs, post offices and palaces for stationing grain and troops have emerged. The social stability after the war promoted the development of Tangshan agricultural handicraft industry, and made the iron smelting industry and edible salt industry develop more rapidly. Tangshan was ruled by Liao for nearly 2 10 years. After the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, Tangshan was ruled by Jin people. During this period, Laoting, Qian 'an and Feng Run successively established counties, with dense population, economic development and prosperous trade, forming a number of towns with prosperous commerce. The Yuan Dynasty became a land in the womb, and its economic and social status was obviously improved. By the Ming Dynasty, Tangshan people not only smelted iron, but also developed coal mining, becoming the center of ceramic industry. There was Tangshan Town in Qing Dynasty. 1877 used to be an isolated village between Luanxian and Feng Run. From 1876, the Qing government began to develop gradually in Kaiping town. After that, the population gradually increased and the business became increasingly prosperous, so Qiaotun Town was established. Tangshan Town was named after the "Dacheng Mountain" in the north of the town. I938 was formally established in June 5438+10. 1948 12 After the liberation of Tangshan, the Tangshan Municipal People's Government was established, which belongs to Jidong District. 1August 949, the provincial capital city; In August, 1958 was changed to Tangshan Special Zone; In June, 1960 was changed to the provincial capital city; 1March, 1983, the new system of city governing county was implemented: the city was removed and the district was set up; Now it has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 6 counties and 6 districts and 2 state-owned farms with a total area of 60.
Tangshan not only has a long history and splendid culture, but also has a glorious revolutionary tradition, which has made great contributions to China's revolutionary cause in modern history. When the British and French allied forces invaded China, under the influence of the Boxer Rebellion in Beijing and Tianjin, Tangshan counties established the Boxer Rebellion and Red Lantern, which effectively resisted the imperialist aggression. 19 1 1 65438 The famous Luanzhou Uprising in February effectively cooperated with the Wuchang Uprising and became an important part of the Xinhai Revolution. 19 19 After the May 4th Movement broke out, Tangshan launched a vigorous student movement, and the working class stepped onto the political stage, showing its elegance as a revolutionary leading force and backbone. With the spread of Marxism in Tangshan, Tangshan established the Tangshan regional organization in China on 1922 to organize and lead the revolutionary struggle. The trade union strike of Kailuan Minmetals became one of the most important strikes in the climax of the first workers' movement in China. The armed uprising of Yutian farmers was the first time that farmers in the north raised the red flag of agrarian revolution. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, there was a famous anti-Japanese riot in eastern Hebei. During the war of liberation, Tangshan people became the main rear base to support the two major battles of Liaoning, Shenyang and Heping. The people of eastern Hebei mobilized manpower, material resources and financial resources to fully support the two major battles with the great sacrifice spirit of "throwing caution to the wind" and made due contributions to the victory of the battles.
Caofeidian is located in the southern coast of Tangshan. It used to be a belt-shaped sand island in northeast and southwest direction, which was formed by the alluvial of the ancient Luanhe River into the sea. It has a history of more than 5,500 years and is named after the original Cao Fei Temple on the island.
"There are deep troughs facing the sea and shoals facing the land" is the most obvious natural geographical feature of Caofeidian, which provides superior conditions for the construction of large-scale deep-water ports and the development of port-facing industries, and is known as "the land of national treasures".
The development and construction of Caofeidian is an important strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, Hebei Provincial Party Committee and provincial government to conform to the national energy and transportation development strategy, adjust and optimize the productivity layout and industrial structure of heavy chemical industry in northern China, accelerate the economic integration development around Bohai Sea, and lead modern industry to take the road of circular economy. Starting from 1992, the preliminary work of Caofeidian project was started, with a total investment of more than 60 million yuan. More than 50 work achievements and scientific research projects were completed successively, and 14 academicians and more than 3,500 experts and scholars were hired to repeatedly demonstrate, discuss and optimize, which provided a large number of scientific and detailed basis and qualitative conclusions for national scientific decision-making. Caofeidian Project has been listed as "No.1 Project" by Hebei Province and Tangshan City successively. In June 2005, it was listed as the first batch of pilot industrial parks to develop circular economy. In March 2006, it was included in the national "Eleventh Five-Year" development plan. The initial planning area of Caofeidian Industrial Zone is 3 10 square kilometers. Caofeidian Industrial Zone will be based on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, backed by the "Three Norths" (North China, Northwest China and Northeast China), face the world, give full play to the advantages of geographical location, deep-water port, resource combination and backward industry, earnestly organize and implement the strategy of "promoting industry with port, building a city with heavy chemicals and interacting with port and city", and vigorously build modern port logistics, steel, petrochemical and petrochemical industries. Establish and improve the six basic support systems of transportation, water supply, power supply, communication, land use and environmental protection, and strive to build Caofeidian into a pioneering area of modern industry, a leading area of hinterland development, an innovative area of economic growth mode transformation, a highly open area in line with international standards and a circular economy demonstration area. In the next five years, the planned development and construction investment of the industrial zone is about 654.38+0.50 billion yuan. By 2065.438+00, the gross domestic product will reach more than 56 billion yuan, the fiscal revenue will reach more than 7 billion yuan, and the built-up area of port cities will reach 90 square kilometers.
Functional orientation: With the overall planning of building a national scientific development demonstration zone, Caofeidian will be gradually built into an international distribution center for energy and raw materials in northern China, a world-class heavy chemical industry base, a national commercial energy reserve and deployment center and a national circular economy demonstration zone.
Caofeidian Industrial Park, as one of the first batch of pilot industrial parks in China to develop circular economy, will adhere to the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling", make great efforts to establish a circular economy industrial system, a comprehensive resource utilization control system, an ecological construction and an environmental protection system, accelerate the gathering of circular economy demonstration industrial clusters such as steel, petrochemical, electric power and equipment manufacturing, and form a complete recycling system of waste materials. Save resources to the maximum extent, protect the environment, realize the harmonious development between man and nature, and all the resources and environmental indicators meet the standards of the national circular economy demonstration zone, and become a demonstration zone leading the development of circular economy in China.
In order to meet the needs of comprehensive development and construction of Caofeidian, on June 8, 2005, with the approval of Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Party Working Committee and Management Committee of Caofeidian Industrial Zone were formally established, and the development and construction of Caofeidian entered a new stage.
Since 2005, Caofeidian has officially kicked off large-scale development and construction. The 250,000-ton ore terminal completed the construction of the main project and supporting facilities in only 13 months, and successfully realized navigation at home and abroad. This year, more than 6.5438+million tons of imported iron ore have been taken over and unloaded, and it will reach 6.5438+0.65438+million tons in the whole year. The coal terminal has been approved by the state, and the main body of the terminal is undergoing land reclamation and steel sheet pile construction; The crude oil wharf has been approved by the state, and pile driving construction is under way, and pipeline laying will begin at the end of the year; The LNG receiving station and storage tank area projects have completed the submission of the project approval report and preliminary design, and land reclamation and geological exploration projects are under way, and construction has officially started recently; Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. has completed the project demonstration, foundation treatment test and pouring of all 600 cement cast-in-place piles and auxiliary piles of 1 ironmaking blast furnace, and is stepping up the organization of equipment bidding and "three links and one leveling"; The documents required for the approval of the 2× 300,000 kW thermal power unit project of China Resources Caofeidian Power Plant have been completed, and foundation treatment, pile foundation detection and host bidding are under way; Twenty-two metallurgical steel structures and other projects will also start construction of the Economic and Social Council this year.
Since the reform and opening up, Tangshan's national economy and social undertakings have developed rapidly, and its comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced. Due to the 1976 earthquake, Tangshan was in the period of restoration and construction at the beginning of reform and opening up. 1986 after the resumption of work was basically completed, Tangshan's economic development entered the fast lane; 1988, the city's GNP doubled for the first time; 1994 doubled for the second time; 1996 entered the national top 50 comprehensive strength. 200 1 year, and the gross domestic product reaches 1000 billion yuan; During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the city's GDP grew at an average annual rate of12.7%; In 2006, the gross national product reached 236,654.38+68 million yuan; The per capita GDP is 32,900 yuan,
The total fiscal revenue was 26.429 billion yuan, ranking first in Hebei Province. The proportion of added value of the three industries is10.8: 57.9: 310.3. After the all-round development of agriculture and rural areas, fruits and vegetables, dairy industry, lean pigs, millet, peanuts and aquatic products. The size of six dragon economies is expanding. There are 225 leading agricultural enterprises with a price of over 5 million yuan in the city, of which 16 have sales income exceeding 100 million yuan. The business volume of agricultural industrialization reached 23 billion yuan, and the operating rate of agricultural industrialization was 57.0%. Industry has formed ten pillar industries such as coal, steel, electric power, building materials, machinery, chemicals, ceramics, textiles and paper making, and five industrial bases such as fine steel, basic energy, high-quality building materials, equipment manufacturing and chemical industry. Four high-tech industrial clusters, including mechatronics, electronic information, bioengineering and new materials, have made a solid start. At present, there are a large number of large-scale advantageous enterprises such as Kailuan, Tangshan Iron and Steel, Jidong Cement, rolling stock, Sanyou Alkali Industry and Tangshan Ceramics. From 65438 to 0988, Tangshan was approved by the State Council as a coastal open area, initially forming an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging pattern. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the city actually utilized foreign capital of 654.38+422 million US dollars. In 2006, the actual utilization of foreign capital was $507 million. At the same time of economic development, spiritual civilization construction and various social undertakings have developed in an all-round way. 1999, 2002 and 2005 won the title of "Building an Advanced City of National Civilized Cities" for three times, 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2003 won the title of "National Double Support Model City" for four times, 1995. Generally speaking, people's life has reached a well-off level. In 2006, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of farmers reached12,376 yuan and 5 155 yuan respectively.
administrative division
In 2005, Tangshan City administered six municipal districts and six counties, and managed two county-level cities.
Tangshan covers an area of 13206 km2 and has a population of 7.09 million (2004).
Lubei district covers an area of 1 13 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 0630 15.
Lunan district covers an area of 65 square kilometers and has a population of 240,000. Postal code 0630 17.
Guye district covers an area of 263 square kilometers and has a population of 360,000. Postal code 063 104.
Kaiping District covers an area of 253 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 06302 1. Kaiping town people's government.
Fengrun District covers an area of 1.334 square kilometers with a population of 890,000. Postal code 064000. Xingfu road district people's government.
Fengnan District covers an area of 1.568 square kilometers and has a population of 520,000. Postal code 063300. Fengnan Town People's Government.
Zunhua city has an area of 152 1 km2 and a population of 690,000. Postal code 064200.
Qian 'an covers an area of 1.208 square kilometers with a population of 680,000. Postal code 064400. Municipal People's Government in qianan town.
Luanxian covers an area of 999 square kilometers and has a population of 540,000. Postal code 063700. County People's Government in Luanzhou Town.
Luannan county covers an area of 1.270 square kilometers and has a population of 570,000. Postal code 063500. The county people's government is located in this town.
Laoting County covers an area of 1.308 square kilometers with a population of 490,000. Postal code 063600. Laoting Town and County People's Government.
Qianxi County covers an area of 1.439 square kilometers with a population of 360,000. Postal code 064300. County People's Government in Xingcheng Town.
Yutian county covers an area of 1 165 square kilometers and has a population of 660,000. Postal code 064 100. Yutian town and county people's government.
Tang Haixian covers an area of 700 square kilometers and has a population of 65438+400,000. Postal code 063200. Tanghai town and county people's government.
* The geographical names of the branches here are as of June 5, 2005 to February 5, 2005; Area and population data are based on the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (2006), and the population was as of the end of 2004. *