According to archaeological excavations, an ancient human lived and worked in Suizhou 5000-6000 years ago. 1June, 957, a stone tool made of quartzite was collected by the cultural relics investigation team of Hubei Provincial Cultural Management Association in a mountainous area about 5 kilometers away from Suizhou City. After expert appraisal, it is confirmed that this stone tool is paleolithic. This is the earliest Paleolithic relic found in Hubei and even the Yangtze River basin.
Suizhou is rich in Neolithic sites and cultural relics. According to incomplete statistics, more than 50 Neolithic cultural sites and more than 3,000 Neolithic cultural relics have been discovered in recent years. Among them, the famous sites are Xihe Xiyuan Site and Sanligang Lengpiya Site.
Xihe Xiyuan Site is about 20 kilometers away from Suizhou City. The site is divided into two layers. The lower layer cannot be excavated on a large scale because it dives below the water surface. Judging from a few unearthed relics, it has been confirmed that its cultural connotation is similar to Yangshao culture in the Central Plains. The upper layer is the Qujialing cultural layer. Five building foundations have been dug on this floor, all of which are piled up with braised clods, with wooden bones and mud walls and thatched roofs. A large number of rice husks, pits, adult tombs, children's urns and coffins, stone knives, shovels, axes and spears used by people at that time, as well as a large number of painted pottery pots, cups, bowls, pots, pots, retort, hollow pottery, jade beads and other household appliances and handicrafts were also found.
Sanligang Lengpiya site is located about 40 kilometers southwest of Suizhou. Not only stone tools such as stone axe, stone knife, stone sickle and stone arrow have been unearthed in the site, but also sand pottery, marl pottery and mud polished black pottery, among which egg black pottery is the most typical, and a large number of red clods containing rice shells have been found. According to expert analysis and appraisal, its cultural connotation includes Qujialing culture in the Central Plains and Longshan culture.
About 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, Shennong tribe in Yan Di flourished in Suizhou. With regard to Yan Di Shennong, according to a large number of literature records and textual research by scholars today, there is a "one-man theory", in which jiyan is Shennong and Shennong is Yan Di; There is a saying that Yan Di and Shennong saw different documents in the early Spring and Autumn Period. After the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou people merged with Chu people, and became the same clan as Shennong, the north and the south, and formed Shennong. The process of combining these two appellations into one was roughly completed in the Qin and Han Dynasties. There are also "representatives" and "cultural heroes", that is, Yan Shennong is an outstanding representative of southern tribal leaders in the middle and late Neolithic Age and a "cultural hero" created by the Chinese nation. As for the birthplace of Emperor Yan Shennong, according to a large number of historical records, there is a kind of "Lishan theory", that is, Emperor Yan Shennong "started from Lieshan, called Shanshi Lie, and now it is also with Lixiang". Li Xiang is located in the north of Suizhou today, which has been proved by generation after generation. There are also "Baoji Theory", "Huayang Theory" and "Migration Theory". However, the excavation of Neolithic sites such as West Garden, Lengpiya and Diaolongbei in Suizao Corridor shows that Yan Di Shennong has profound southern attributes, and the Lishan area in Suizhou in the middle reaches of Hanshui River is the center of the rise and activities of Yan Di Shennong. Here, the Shennong tribe invented the primitive mode of slash-and-burn production, pioneered agricultural production tools such as thunder, pioneered planting and pottery making, pioneered the textile industry, invented drugs and boiled salt, and created the agricultural civilization of the Chinese nation, which had a far-reaching and extensive impact on the birth and evolution of the Chinese nation.
Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties
Before and after the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, that is, during the Yao Shunyu period, Suizhou area and even the whole middle reaches of the Yangtze River were the residence of Sanmiao, and Suizhou area was located in the north of Sanmiao. Therefore, in the struggle between Xia people and Sanmiao, Suizhou became an important place for both sides, and Yao Shunyu had an indissoluble bond with Suizhou area.
Fang Yao Dani. According to Shi Ben, Shang Dian and Li Jing, he is Yao's son. In order to conquer the Three Temples, Yao named his son Shui. Danshui is located in the southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province, at the western end of Sui-Zao Corridor, including today's Sui-Zao Corridor.
"Shun Li Gengshan". After Shun succeeded to the throne, he adopted the strategy of "education first, then guidance", which initially improved the relationship between Xia people and the three temples, and some Xia people moved to the corridor with Zao, so the legend of "Shun Li Gengshan" appeared. Mount Li is now Mount Li in Suizhou. Throughout the ages, Suizhou has left many relics to commemorate Shun. For example, there is the Emperor Shun Temple on Mount Li, Shuntian on the mountainside and Jing Shun at the foot of the mountain. According to the Records of Suizhou in Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty, there is a tablet of Yijing in Shunzi Lane of Eastern Han Dynasty in the south of Suizhou. Yu Fang Sheng Lan said, "Jing Shun tablet is said to be a Qin tablet in Suizhou". Later, the Qin tablet was destroyed and a new tablet was built in the Song Dynasty. This monument disappeared during the Anti-Japanese War and was rediscovered in Xujiawan, Suishui River, Suizhou City in 1996.
Shun Buried Nine. Most of the original scholars believed that Jiuyi Mountain, which was buried in Shun, was located in Lingling, Hunan. However, according to years of painstaking research, Mr. Zhang believes that Jiuyi Mountain, which was buried in Shun, is now the great red mountain in Suizhou.
"I lost three seedlings." After Yu Jishun, he made a big crusade against Sanmiao. Mozi recorded the war in detail. After this devastating blow, the Sui-Zao Corridor, as the northern part of the Three Temples, was first directly controlled by the Xia Dynasty. A large number of pottery unearthed from Xiyuan site in Suizhou, earlier than Shang Dynasty and later than Longshan culture, is the archaeological reflection of Sanmiao in Yu Zhan.
During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Suizhou and even the whole Jianghan area were called "southern soil". After Shang Zhouwang and Pan Geng moved to Yin, "Yin Dao revived, and many people waited for it to come to Korea". In Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding launched a campaign against Jingchu in order to conquer those who did not go to North Korea. The southern expedition of the Yin people not only captured the Sui-Zao Corridor, but also relied on the military assistance of the Eastern Han countries, including Zeng. In ancient times, the country was now Zaoyang, Suizhou and Jingshan. A Shang Dynasty tomb excavated in Xiheliang, Suizhou proves that the Yin people basically controlled the jujube corridor long before Wuding cut Jingchu.
After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, in order to plunder the most important material at that time-copper, Suizhou Corridor became the main road for Zhou people to "win gold", that is, the only place to pass.
Li Guo, an ancient country with Jiang surname in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. "Li Guo, also known as" Lai Guo ",is said to have been built by the descendants of the Shan Li family (i.e.), surnamed Jiang. It is located in Lishan Town, 20 kilometers northeast of Suizhou City today. According to the textual research of the bronze inscription "Taibao Royal Pavilion" in the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty, the founding of the country was in the late Shang Dynasty at the latest, and it became a vassal state of Zhou Dynasty in the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty, which was closely related to the royal family of Zhou Dynasty. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Guo Li became the State of Chu. In the fourth year of Emperor Lu Zhao (538 BC), in order to strengthen the control of the eastern part of the Han Dynasty, the State of Chu destroyed Li Guo, who had been under the egg wing of the Chu people for a long time.
During the Zhou Dynasty, Han and Dong had the same surname-Tang. According to the textual research on the bronze inscription "Zhonghu" in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the Tang State was established at the latest in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the literature first appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Tang Kingdom is located in Tangxian Town, southeast of Zaoyang and northwest of Suizhou. There is also a saying that the Tang Dynasty migrated from the north. His surname is Zhou, a branch of Ji's surname; Speaking of Qi, it's just after Yao. According to Zuo Zhuan's seventeen years of mourning for the public, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chu conquered the State of Tang by force. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Tang became a vassal state of Chu. In the first year of Lu (509 BC), Tang Chenggong appeared before King Chu Zhao. The greedy Chu Lingyin often took a fancy to his two first frost horses and couldn't get them. He was detained for three years. Later, the Tang people got Tang Chenggong's entourage drunk, stole the horse and gave it to the son-in-law, and Tang Chenggong was able to return to China. From then on, Tang hated Chu deeply. In the fourth year (506 BC), Tang joined the Wu-Cai Alliance and occupied the capital of Chu. The following year, the Qin people sent troops to help the Chu people repel the allies and recover the lost land. In July this year, Qin Chu allied forces destroyed the Tang Dynasty.
In the Zhou Dynasty, Han Dongji was a great country-Sui State. Among the vassal States of Han and East China sealed by the Zhou Dynasty, Sui was the most powerful. According to many historical records, "the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Zhou Dynasty was 1,800, which was found in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and five out of sixty was called great". The territory of Sui State includes the areas east of Hanshui River, south of Tongbai, west of Guangshui, Zhongxiang and north of Jingshan. With the establishment and destruction of the country over time, the literature is unknown. However, according to the literature analysis of Che JUNG WOO Yu and Six Years of Mourning for the Duke in the Spring and Autumn Period, the country was founded in the late Spring and Autumn Period, perhaps earlier, and it only lasted until the Warring States Period, and its demise with the country was around 328 BC. An interesting phenomenon is that there are a lot of records in the literature. For example, "The Empress of Sui Dynasty" and "Heshibi" are equally famous, and Nanzhu and Beiyu are household names. However, a large number of Zeng cultural relics have been unearthed in Suizhou with the same surname, domain and age. Many experts and scholars have put forward the theory of "the integration of Zeng and Sui". There are also a few different opinions that it was destroyed. Later, the State of Chu enfeoffed a Zeng state everywhere. Once this mystery is completely solved, new archaeological discoveries are still needed.
1978 In the summer, archaeologists excavated the tomb of Ceng Houyi, the monarch in the early Warring States period, in the suburb of Suizhou, the old capital. A large number of exquisite bronze ritual vessels, lacquered wood, gold and silver vessels, pearls and jade articles, various musical instruments, chariots and horses, textiles and garments, etc. The cultural relics unearthed in the tomb not only show the brilliant achievements in the heyday of culture, but also represent the highest level of culture at that time and even in the world in many aspects.
The bronzes unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi have the characteristics of large quantity, large volume, heavy weight and fine workmanship. The technologies adopted by them, such as compound casting, parting casting, seam casting, welding and lost wax method, reflect that metal casting with China has reached an unprecedented height and become a pioneering work in the history of casting in China.
For the first time, 16 strands of thick rope, silk-hemp interwoven fabric, single-layer brocade fabric and lock embroidery were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, which reflected the superb skills of textile technology in Sui Dynasty and was a breakthrough in the history of textile in China.
Many cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi have beautiful shapes and magnificent patterns. They are lifelike in bronze carving, carving and painting, which is amazing. Their superb artistic level has become a wonderful work in the art history of China.
There are many kinds and quantities of musical instruments unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, with excellent performance and unique features. Among them, the long-lost ten-stringed piano, banjo, flute and other unearthed sheng were discovered for the first time, and the bamboo spring was found. Modern European musicians and physicists invented the accordion and harmonica only by studying China's sheng spring. The full set of chimes unearthed in this tomb can play seven tones, which makes foreign scholars' doubts about whether China's musical instruments had seven tones in the pre-Qin period disappear. Ceng Houyi's inscription "Love" records the knowledge of music theory in the pre-Qin period. It is the earliest tuning instrument with twelve chromatic scales in the world. The appearance of Ceng Houyi's musical instruments is unprecedented in the music history of China and even the world.
A suitcase cover unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, with black dragon, white tiger and astronomical map of Twenty-eight Hostels painted on both ends, is the earliest record of all the names of Twenty-eight Hostels in China so far, which has become a milestone in the astronomical history of China.
Ji Liang was born in the early Spring and Autumn Period. From about BC to the middle of this century, it began to enter the political stage of following the country. During the period of assisting the monarch in governing the country, he made great efforts to govern, repair the internal affairs of the country, and be good to his neighbors outside, with outstanding achievements. It was praised by later generations as "the Great Sage after Shennong". After his death, he was buried in Yi Gang, the eastern suburb of Suizhou, with a tomb shrine, which was respected by later generations.
Liang Ji's outstanding philosophical, political and military thoughts still shine with the light of time and space. Among them, "people are God" is the essence of Liang Ji's philosophical thought; "Building a new brotherly country through political reform" is the concentrated expression of Liang Ji's political thought. By analyzing the essence of things through false appearances, Liang Ji's military thoughts and theories with simple materialism and dialectical factors, such as the strategic thoughts of "first fighting after the war", "being angry with me and being lazy" and the political strategy of "taking a narrow path to commit adultery", established his position in the history of ancient China thoughts. He not only became one of China's thinkers who initiated Confucianism and the ancient people's "master" thought, but also deserved to be a pioneer of atheism and an outstanding strategist in the history of China.
Xu Xing, a representative of the agricultural school in the Warring States period, wrote about Shennong under the guise of Shennong. This book expounds the idea of combining farming with the people and attaching importance to agriculture, as well as the experience and technology of agricultural production. Lu's "Spring and Autumn Annals" completely and systematically preserved the contents of Shennong, and became a precious document for future generations to understand the Shennong era.
Qin and Han dynasties
In the twenty-fourth year of the King of Qin (223 BC), the State of Chu was destroyed by the State of Qin, and Nanyang County was subordinate to the county.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu wrote Hanshu, and his book "Records of Food Goods" emphasized that food goods were "for the people and flourished in the world of Shennong", which fully affirmed Yan Di Shennong's original contribution to agriculture and commodity circulation. Many scholars and works in Han Dynasty talked about Yandilong, and their understanding of the relationship between Yandilong and Suixian Li Xiang was gradually consistent.
Zhang Heng, a great scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, built a platform to study in the eastern suburb of the county seat.
In the fourth year of Tianfeng in the New Dynasty (17), Jingzhou was starved to death. Wang Kuang and Wang Feng launched the outlaw uprising in Dahongshan, Suizhou. Based on Lvlin Mountain, the Rebel Army persisted in the struggle for five years, and finally developed into the main force to overthrow Wang Mang's regime.
In the autumn and July of the third year of Emperor Huang (22 years), Mu Chen and Liao Zhan from Linping (now Gucheng Fan in Liulin Town, Suizhou City) rose up in Linping, responding to the heroes of greenwood, and were called "Lin Pingjun".
A large number of Han tombs have been unearthed in Suizhou. The funerary objects include pottery barn, pottery manor model, pottery chicken, pottery duck, pottery pig, pottery dog, pottery pot, pottery horse, pottery cart, pottery figurines, iron farm tools and five baht, which show the superb level of Suizhou handicraft industry at that time. Among them, at the beginning of 0994, five baht 1.75 tons from the Western Han Dynasty to Wangmang period were unearthed from the ancient site in the northeast of Suizhou City, which was amazing.
Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
In the ninth year of Taikang (288), Suiping Erh Lin County was separated from Yiyang County and transferred to Suixian County. Sima Yan, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, made Sima Yi, the imperial clan, king of the country.
In the second year of Tai 'an (303), Zhang Chang, a native of Yiyang (now northern Suizhou), raised his soldiers to fight hunger, rode Jin Man, conquered Jiangxia, made Liu Ni (Qiu Shen) the emperor to restore the Han Dynasty, established the "divine wind" of the Yuan Dynasty, and became the prime minister himself. Later, we divided our forces to break Wuchang and attack Wandi, and took Xiangyang, Kejiangzhou, Changsha, Xiangdong and Lingling counties, and set up officials to guard them. Emperor Jinhui ordered General Ning Shuo to lead a captain of Nanman, Li Kas, and Tao Kan and other troops to suppress, and the rebels were defeated. The following year, Zhang Chang was captured and killed.
In the first year of the Western Wei Dynasty (535), it was promoted to a state, which governed counties.
In the first year of Wucheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (559), Emperor Zhou Ming made Yang Zhong a vassal.
In the second year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580), Zhai Jingyu and Wen Chan became the prime minister of Zuoda, and Emperor Wen of Sui was a vassal, who took over 20 counties from the king and the founding of the country.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
In the year of Kaiyuan (58 1), Emperor Wendi of Sui dynasty deposed the static emperor Yuwen Chan, and became the emperor on behalf of Zhou Dynasty. He thought that he had always attached himself to Sui and took Sui as his title, but he hated the word "Sui" and meant to be a follower, so he ordered him to "Sui". This is the only time in the history of China that the name of a long-standing county was used as the name of a unified dynasty.
In the first year of Huang Kai (58 1), Suizhou was changed to "Suizhou", which belonged to Handong County.
In the third year of Huang Kai (583), Han Dong County, Suizhou Lingsui County and Juexi County were abandoned.
In the third year of the Great Cause (607), Yang Di returned to Han Dong County, as well as eight counties including Lingshui, Tushan, An Gui, Shunyi, Guanghua, Linping, Shangming and Tang Cheng.
In the third year of Wude (620), Li Shimin, king of Qin, conquered the northwest and marched eastward. In November, Tang Jun conquered Fancheng and Xiangyang, and Xu Yifeng, general manager of Suizhou, was defeated. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Yu, the sister of Gao Zu Li Yuan and the husband of Princess Tongan, was appointed as an assassin in Suizhou.
In the first year of Zhenyuan (785), Li Xilie, the envoy of Huaixi and the king of Nanping County, proclaimed himself Kaifeng, with the title of "Chu", and Li took over Suizhou. The following year, Tang 'an Prefecture secretariat attacked Suizhou, Li Jiangzhou, and served as Suizhou secretariat. In the next 20 years, "the government was quiet, the land was open, the household registration increased, and the people sang and danced."
In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799), the Tang Dynasty promoted Suizhou from Zhouxia to Shangzhou, which was a sign of the rising economic and political status of Suizhou in the late Tang Dynasty.
In August of the fourth year of Ganfu (877), (also known as Huang Chao) Rebel Ke Suizhou captured Cui, the secretariat of Suizhou in the Tang Dynasty, and the son of Li Fuzhi, the ambassador of Tangshan Nandong Road, led the troops to rescue him and was killed. Later, the insurgents withdrew from Suizhou City.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
In the fifth year of Gande (967), Suizhou was changed to Chongyi Army according to the military organizational system, and then Zhao Guangyi acceded to the throne as Taizong, and the taboo was changed to Chongxin Army. Suizhou was a military fortress in the Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Taiping Xingguo (976), it was changed from Chongxin Army to Suizhou and placed under Shangzhou. Its tributes include silk, silk, kudzu and raspberry. Suizhou silk industry is second to none in Beijing Southwest Road.
In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Lingfeng Temple (commonly known as Hongshan Temple) was rebuilt. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), the abbot of Hongshan Temple was Shaolin Temple, and the scale of Hongshan Temple became larger and larger. Nomads from the south, the temple was damaged, some monks moved to Dongshan Temple, Wuchang, and changed Dongshan Temple to Hongshan Temple (now called Baotong Temple), renamed Xiaohongshan.
In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), the court of the Southern Song Dynasty awarded Yue Fei the national hero as the ambassador of Jinghu South, Xiangyang Fu Road and Qihuangzhou, and was promoted to the ambassador of Qiu, Hubei and Jingxi. Yue Fei believes that Xiangyang and other six counties are the basis for restoring the Central Plains, and puts forward that "six counties should be taken first to get rid of heart diseases." After Yunzhou's victory in World War I, Yue Fei sent Zhang Xian and Xu Qing to recover Suizhou non-stop. Since then, Suizhou has become one of Yue Fei's bases for "farming" and supporting the Northern Expedition.
In November of the second year of Kathy's reign (1206), the nomads from the Golden Army broke through Suizhou and recovered by rotation. The following December, nomads from Suizhou again. Suizhou is in a tug-of-war state.
In April of the 10th year of Jiading (12 17), Liu Shiying was defeated by the Song Dynasty in Suizhou. The following year, 8 jin j surrounded Zaoyang. Meng, the Suizhou general who was guarding Zaoyang, with the cooperation of Suizhou defenders, forced 8 Jin Army to retreat.
In the second year of Duanping (1235), in July, Mongolian soldiers invaded Tang Zhou, and Song Suizhou abandoned the city and fled. The following year Mongolian soldiers occupied Suizhou.
In January of the first year of Jiaxi (1237), Song Jingxi, the commander-in-chief of military forces and horses, and Cheng Zaixian, who was stationed in Suizhou, made great contributions to the fight against Mongolian soldiers in Dahongshan, and were promoted to the position of Xuanzan Sheren in Hemen, with Jingxi in charge of Suizhou.
In February of the 12th year of Chunyou (1252), tens of thousands of Mongolian soldiers attacked Suizhou.
In May of the first year of Deyou (1275), Fu Anguo, the magistrate of Suizhou, surrendered to the Mongolian soldiers. Song Diqin appointed Zhu Duan as Suizhou satrap, and the state moved from the city to Huangxian Cave in Dahongshan. In December, Mongolian soldiers attacked Dahongshan, and Zhu Duan surrendered. Mongolia appointed Zhu as Suizhou satrap, and still took Huangxiandong as satrap, leading the county and Yingshan county.
In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), people in Yusha Village, Meiqiu, Suizhou (now the ancient city of Liulin Town) were shocked, gathered thousands of hungry people, revolted in Guangshan and Qinglinshan, and killed officials and gentry in Suizhou, Zhongxiang and Yingshan counties. After joining Xu Shouhui's Red Scarf Army, he led his troops into Sichuan. /kloc-proclaimed himself emperor in Chongqing in 0/362, and established the Daxia Dynasty with the title of "Tiantong".
Ming and Qing dynasties
In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Suizhou was reduced to a county and belonged to Huangzhou Prefecture.
In the second year of Hongwu (1369), Shou Yufu and others built Suizhou brick city, and the ancient city of Suizhou was a earthen city (outer city) and a brick city (inner city). Tucheng was built in the Yuan Dynasty, with a circumference of 5 Li and 45 Zhang and a height of 2.5 Zhang. It has eight gates, including Jukui Gate, Handong Gate and Yubo Gate. The brick city has a circumference of 625 feet and a height of 2.5 feet. There are gatehouses in the east, north, west and south gates. There is a bell tower on the south gate. Build 23 enemy platforms and 950 women's walls. During Chenghua's reign, the city was built and dug, and during Hongzhi's reign, the city embankment was built. After several generations of construction, the overall shape of Suizhou ancient city looks like the shape of an ancient chime from a height, which has become a must in the history of ancient urban architecture in China.
In the 13th year of Hongwu (1380), compiled by Li Jia and Ding Tianfu, Yingshan County was promoted to Suizhou, belonging to De 'an House, and Li Huguang was the Chief Secretary.
In the 14th year of Hongwu (138 1), Gong Xue was rebuilt on the site of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and education was emphasized. Wanli moved to the main city and set up Minglun Hall. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the theory of rites was established on the left side of Minglun Hall. In the forty-first year of Kangxi, Qin granted the scholar a literary training. Ten years after Qianlong, Qin Li awarded a paper to a scholar.
In August of the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Zhang, Luo Rucai and others 1 1 Peasant Rebels fought fiercely with the company commander of Ming Dynasty in Suizhou City, and moved after losing.
In the winter of the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), Zhang and Luo Rucai returned to Suizhou and besieged Lishan and other market towns. Wang Yangji, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, led troops to Gushanchong, and Yang Shien, the pioneer lieutenant, led 30,000 troops to be ambushed by rebels in Sandaohe. In addition to Yang Kai, hundreds of people broke through on horseback, and the rest were wiped out. In the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), on February 1st, Zhang and Luo Rucai broke through the south gate of Suizhou and occupied Suizhou City in November. In December, Zhang Dajin, the supervisor of the Ming Dynasty, and Yang Shien, the deputy company commander, led the troops to attack the city, and the rebels broke through.
In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (164 1), the insurgents Zhang and Luo Rucai took over Suizhou and withdrew. On July 23, the Li Zicheng branch of the Rebel Army once again attacked Suizhou City. The following spring, Song Yihe, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, led the troops to attack Suizhou, and the rebels retreated.
In the spring of the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng took Suizhou and appointed Wang Lu as Suizhou Pastoral. In the Ming Dynasty, 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 Beijing soldiers pursued the insurgents, and then they were caught in a heavy rain in Xiaoba Mountain, and the nail powder was all wet. The insurgents took the opportunity to kill on all sides, and the Ming army suffered numerous casualties. After the rebel army arrived in Lishan, its right team settled down, broke Changqing Castle and stationed to transport grain. The Ming army pursued, and the insurgents sacrificed more than a thousand people. The rest of the troops joined the main force and withdrew from Suizhou.
In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Wang Conger (female), the leader of Xiangyang An Baili School, revolted. In February, the rebels began guerrilla activities with the west. In February of the following year, he moved to the north and retreated after losing a fierce battle with the Qing army on March 28.
In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), in March, the Chen Yucheng Department of Taiping Army surrounded Suizhou City and beheaded General Zarafen of Xi 'an.
In the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1), in February, Fan Chuanbu of Taiping Army conquered Suizhou and built the city. 10/day 1 day, the Qing army was ordered by the king of Chen Yucheng to lure Liu Weizhen, the Taiping Army, out of the city, and he could be surrendered.
People's Republic of China (PRC) period
19 12 years, Deyuheng tried to sell indigo in Sui County, and gradually developed into the largest foreign goods firm in the county. Foreign commercial capital began to penetrate into the local market.
19 17 In the winter, Zhang Shaoshu and Ding Juequn, who were studying in Wuhan, joined the progressive youth club organized by Yunyun and began to accept Marxism. 19 19 Zhang Shaoshu and others were sent back by Wuhan Federation of Students to Suixian County to establish the Weekly of Juejian Progress. On June 24th of the same year, more than 300 teachers and students from the county schools took to the streets to protest against the northern warlords and traitors and to promote the boycott of "Japanese goods". 1920 In February, Zhang Shaoshu, Chen Zhongnong, Zhou Yaoxian and other progressive youths established the Suixian New Culture Association in Lieshan College to advocate science and democracy.
1926 10 10 On 4th, the special branch committee of Suixian County in China was established in Lishan Town, with Li Caiqi as the secretary.
From 1926 to 1937, the cotton planting area and lint yield in Sui County rank first in the province, with the highest annual cotton planting area reaching 10,000 mu, exceeding the cotton field area in Jiangxi Province.
1April, 927 12, after the counter-revolutionary coup, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Hubei provincial committees successively sent Zhang Xuewu, Li Fuchun, Faye, Lu Chen and Ruan Fang to lead the autumn harvest riots in the county, and established the Sui County Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was subordinate to the special committee of northern Hubei.
1autumn of 9271February of 928, China * * * successfully launched an armed uprising with the north, and established three armed separatist zones of workers and peasants in Zhu Lin, Moss and Wu Shan.
1931April as for June 932, the township Soviet government was established in Tongbaishan Soviet area and Dahongshan Soviet area.
In September, 1936, the Bank of Hubei Province set up an office in Emerald Street, the county seat. 1937 65438+ 10 was changed into a branch in October. Sui county's financial industry has been underdeveloped. In the early years of the Republic of China, although there was "Suiyu Bank" founded by Wang Hongzhang in the county, it closed down only three months after its opening due to lack of funds. The establishment of Yushijie Sub-branch marks the beginning of the germination of modern financial industry in Sui County.
1937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way, and the people of Suixian made valuable contributions in the arduous war of resistance. 1938 In the first month, the Communist Party of China affiliated to the county party committee was established, actively developing party member and progressive organizations and sending young people to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Changgangdian, Sui County. 1 17 years 10 17 established the 5th War Zone Anti-Enemy Working Committee in Junchuan, Sui County, with Tao Zhu as special adviser, Shi Yuling as director and Fan Li as deputy director.
1938165438+1on October 8, the Japanese army implemented the barbaric "three light" policy along the Sui-Xian highway. Gather all the men, women and children in Feijiatun Village of Xihe River and set fire to the rice fields at the head of the village. The whole village was in flames, and more than 20 people died on the spot.
1February, 939, Li Xiannian led an independent brigade of the New Fourth Army and1more than 60 accompanying cadres from Hubei, Henan and Anhui to Changgangdian, Sui County, to meet with Tao Zhu and Yang Xuecheng, heads of the Party organizations in Hubei and Central China. 10 On June 4th, Li Xiannian led his troops into Luo Yang Store, Liulindian Store and Guchengfan in southern Suiyuan, and stationed his troops at Jiukouyan (Dawan, Sun Jia). The Party Committee of the Hubei-Henan Border Region of the Communist Party of China was established, consisting of Zhu Lizhi (secretary), Chen Shaomin (deputy secretary), Li Xiannian, Tao Zhu, Liu Zihou and others 1 1. Li Xiannian was appointed commander of the Hubei-Henan forward column of the New Fourth Army.
1in April, 939, 27 Japanese planes suddenly flew over the chengguan of Sui County and bombed indiscriminately, and the county seat was in flames. The Japanese army threw more than 50 fried eggs/KLOC-0, killing more than 800 civilians, and none of the houses in the downtown area of the county were complete. In May of the same year, the Japanese army suddenly surrounded Liangjiawan in Wandian, killing more than 300 people who escaped.
1On June 4th, 939, the Japanese army was killed by local villagers in retaliation for a Japanese soldier who demanded "Flower Girl", and transferred troops from three strongholds to Jintun area for revenge. The Japanese captured 17 "suspects" in Fannong Bay, took them to Aononggang and shot them all with machine guns. They also tied 24 farmers from Wangjiawozi to the Wangjiakou for collective shooting. Three anti-Japanese soldiers were arrested and their noses and ears were cut off. Five of them were killed by military dogs and seven were crucified on the bench.
1June, 940, the Hubei-Henan Promotion Column of the New Fourth Army launched the Battle of Baizhaoshan, annihilating the stubborn army of Yang Biqing who was entrenched in this area with Luoyang store in the south. With the establishment of Nanbai Zhaoshan Anti-Japanese Base Area, it soon became the command center of China's anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare in the Hubei-Henan border region. Hubei and Henan advanced into the column headquarters and its subordinate organs, and successively entered Jiukouyan area.
194 1 08 February 18, according to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s order, the Hubei-Henan advance column was reorganized into the fifth division of the New Fourth Army, with Li Xiannian as the teacher and political commissar. On April 5th, Li Xiannian led the whole army to take office in Jiukouyan and held a grand army-building ceremony.
194 1 September, Chen Shaomin, the head of the Hubei-Henan border region of the Communist Party of China, launched the water conservancy movement of "building thousands of ponds and dams" in Suinan County.
From 1944 to 1945, Suinan and Xinying successfully fought against the local armed forces. 1February, 945, Ma Sheng Lutian, deputy commander of the Japanese army stationed in Xihe, was killed by Xiaodian Peasant Self-Defense Force.
1In August, 945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. In June+10, 5438, the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army, which had been persisting in the war of resistance in the Hubei-Henan border region, was co-edited with the South Brigade of the Eighth Route Army 359 and Song Yuejun of Sui County to form the Central Plains People's Liberation Army. Immediately, he launched a self-defense counterattack against Tongbai Mountain in the north, recovered a large area of land, and established eight county-level committees in Sui County.
1948 65438+1On the afternoon of October 7th, Jianghan Independent Regiment of China People's Liberation Army was liberated with the county for the first time; On June 4, the Hanjiang Independent Brigade was liberated with the county for the second time; 12 17 successfully smashed the fifth "mopping-up" of Kuomintang troops, and liberated the military and civilians to liberate the county town for the third time. Then devote yourself to the front work of consolidating the liberated areas and the whole people. According to the incomplete statistics of Suibei and Suinan counties, there are 685,000 migrant workers, more than 30,000 stretchers, 6.4 million Jin of rations, 6,543,800 pairs of military shoes, 6,543,800 pieces of condolences, 87 wooden boats, 39,000 heads of livestock and 242,654,380+0.
1949 in may, the people's government of Hubei province decided to merge the north and the south into suixian county, which was under the leadership of Xiaogan prefectural Committee (institution). Cancel the Hongshan District Committee (institution). Hongshan County is under the leadership of Xiangyang prefectural committee (institution). /kloc-In May of 0/6, with the establishment of the county people's government, Li Bilie was appointed as the county magistrate. At the same time, the Sui County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, with South Korea as the secretary.