The Monkey King: The disciple of the Tang Priest, Fa Hao Walker, can change 72 times. A pair of eyes can see through the tricks of ghosts and ghosts; A somersault can turn 108 thousand Li; The weapon used, Ruyi Golden Hoop, can be large or small, changing at will, from embroidery needle or invisibility to indomitable spirit, up to 33 heavens and down to 18 levels of hell. He took Guo Huashan as the king, known as the Great Sage of Qi Tian, disturbed the flat peach pageant of the Queen Mother, stole the old gentleman's elixir of life, defeated 100,000 heavenly generals, overreached the Tathagata, and was crushed under the Five Elements Mountain for more than 500 years. Later, avalokitesvara enlightened the Tang Priest to learn from the Western Heaven. After 81 difficulties, she got back the true scriptures and finally got a positive result, which was called Fighting Buddha. Later, the Three Realms were killed, and the Great Sage was defeated in the underworld. He was named the ancestor of all buddhas by the Tathagata Buddha, saying that there was no Great Sage relic in the south to honour the king Buddha.

On June 1 day, 578 BC, he was born in Huaguoshan, Ole County, Dongsheng Shenzhou. It is a fairy stone that absorbs the qi of heaven and earth;

In order to find a way to live forever, I went to Fangcun Mountain in Lingtai and Sanxing Cave in Xieyue to worship Bodhi as a teacher and learned seventy-two changes and somersaults for two hundred years.

In order to find a weapon to weigh, we had a big fight in the Dragon Palace in the East China Sea, and finally found a golden hoop that would anchor the sea;

Make a scene in hell because the birthday is over, destroy the life and death book and return to the world.

For the first time, he was cheated into Bi Marvin;

The second time, the kingdom of heaven courted him, and the heavenly palace was forced to make him the Great Sage of Heaven.

Stealing flat peaches, making a scene in heaven, being crushed by the Tathagata at the foot of Wuxing Mountain;

500 years later, he was saved by the Tang Priest, worshipped him as a teacher, and embarked on the road of learning from the West. After eighty-one difficulties, it was finally successfully completed and named anti-Buddha.

When the Three Realms were in trouble, King Dasheng, the war demon, saved six sentient beings in the Three Realms and was named as the ancestors of all Buddhas by the Tathagata Buddha. In the south, there is no great sage relic to honour the king Buddha.

The evolution from the legend of Monkey God to the Great Sage of Qi Tian.

In China, the legend about monkeys is as long as the legend about dragons, with a long history and rich magical contents. According to Shan Hai Jing Xi Shan Jing, Xiao Jishan "has an ape-like animal shape, his head is white and his feet are red, so he is called Zhu Lei, and he sees it and becomes a soldier". He is a fierce god. Jin Gan Bao's Search for the Gods has been published for 12 years, and the great ape in Shu is "a horse". "Those who serve beautiful women should steal it if necessary". Han Jiaogan's Jiao's Yilin, Volume 1, Kun's Stripping: "Nanshan man stole my concubine, and dared not chase her away and stay alone." Very slutty. Zhao Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" and "Biography of Gou Jian's Plot 9" contain stories about Yue Chu Zi and fighting for a sword, which shows that there are many such legends in the Han Dynasty. Yuan Gong, who "flew up the tree and became a white ape", is probably the distant ancestor of Monkey Sun. In the Tang Dynasty, the legends of monkeys became more colorful. For example, Guang Yi Zhang Ji humanizes people's figure. "The fur in brown leather clothes looks very different" and makes tigers, leopards and giant bears listen to his "Brazilian Hou". Diao Junchao, a water ape, has great strength but little ability, elegant music and amazing changes. He was tracked down by heaven for doing evil in the Han River and avoided disaster around his wife's neck. In Wang Feng, the monkey god imprisoned by Bao Zhiyuan, maoshan taoist, was released from the crypt, which made Liuhe Smoke and Dust run rampant. In the anonymous Biography of the General White Ape in Bujiang, it usually turns into "the bearded man is more than six feet long, with a white cane", flying like "training horses", "traveling thousands of miles in half a day", "being as iron as a whole" and "eyes as electricity", cutting it like a medium iron stone with a sword, and walking in circles with double swords. Ming Luo Guanzhong and Feng Menglong's Biography of Pingyao summarized the above legends:

Born in Shenwei, born in Bashan. Living in Shenwei, the descendants of Shenyang officials live together; The descendants came from Bashan, a clan in Hou Shi, Brazil. The heart is soft and fragile, and the moon is sky. Who doesn't contain sadness? Long arms can climb trees, so why shoot? After the spread of mathematics, who knew it was the former calendar teacher? I gave it to Yun Shang, mistaking it for a chivalrous man on earth. Avatar, the ancestor of the dragon, flattened and deceived.

Tell the relationship between various monkey legends and the Monkey King. Lu Xun devoted himself to studying the history of China's novels and pointed out on the basis of various materials:

In The Journey to the West, there are two references to "witchcraft" (one is witchcraft). This story prevailed when the Yuan Dynasty was in power, and the westbound passengers may also be influenced by it. See Taiping Guangji, Volume 467, Li Tang. (Lu Xun's Letters Collection)

I thought that the Monkey King in Journey to the West was a kind of gas without a backer. (Historical Changes of China's Novels)

Among them, Li Gongzuo's Gu Jing.

Lu Xun's exposition is very reasonable and well documented, mainly including the following four points:

First, there is no supporting role Qi in The Classic of Gu Du Yue, which is mentioned in Chen Xunjian's Mei Ling's Lost Wife in Song Dynasty, Yang Jingxian's The Journey to the West Zaju at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and The Journey to the West's novel, and he is also a figure related to the Monkey King.

Sun Baijing and Shen Gongyun, who call themselves "the Great Sage of Qi Tian" in The Lost of Chen Xunjian's Wife Meiling, said: "There are three brothers, one is the Great Sage of Qi Tian, the other is the Great Sage of Qi Tian, and the younger sister is the Virgin of Sizhou."

In Yang Jingxian's Journey to the West drama "Gods descend to the Sun", Sun Xing said, "The little sage has five brothers and sisters, the eldest sister is away from the mountain mother, the second sister is a witch, the eldest brother is a great sage, the little sage is a great sage, and the third brother plays Saburo." When I am happy, I climb vines and stir kudzu vine; When I get angry, I stir the sea and cross the river. "

"Erlang God locked the Monkey King" broke, and the Monkey King "announced himself" and said, "Three Gods and Five Sisters. My brother is a great sage in the sky, my god is a great sage in the sky, my sister is a Kameyama jellyfish, my sister is an iron-colored macaque, and my brother is playing Saburo. " Sister Guishan Jellyfish drowned Sizhou in the water, which did great harm to her life. Nigume grabbed her and locked her in a green oil drum. She couldn't turn over.

On the sixty-sixth trip of The Journey to the West, Wu Cheng'en and Gong Cao said with a smile, "This branch of Yue is also in Xuyi Mountain City, the southern government, which is now Sizhou. There is the Great Sage, the Buddha King and the Bodhisattva, who has great magical powers. " He had a disciple named Prince Xiao Zhang, the Four Gods, who surrendered to the jellyfish goddess last year. "In another place, the Buddhist king Bodhisattva said," Why is it early summer? Just as the Huaihe River flooded, the Great Sage of the Water Ape was newly harvested, and that fellow met the water and improvised; "I'm afraid that after I go, he will sneak in and become stubborn, and there is no god to cure him."

As can be seen from the above quotation, Wu Zhiqi (or Wu Zhizhi, Notre Dame de Sizhou, Kameyama Jellyfish, Jellyfish Empress and Great Sage of Water Ape) is related to the Monkey King. Wu is Sun Walker's sister in plays and zaju. Although the relationship between them is not discussed in the novel, it is actually the way to describe Zhen Baoyu in A Dream of Red Mansions.

Second, there are many similarities in traits, living environment and magical powers. The Monkey King in the Journey to the West lives in Huaguoshan and water curtain cave, and can borrow the treasures of the Dragon Palace, that is, "water apes" and so on. He is "sharp-tongued, narrow-tongued, golden-eyed, and fire-eyed". He can "somersault cloud" and walk "108,000 Li" at once, so he is a miraculous the Monkey King. There is no supporting qi in Du Yue Jing, but it is the "Huai vortex water god". "He is good at word processing, distinguishing the depth of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and is like an ape, with a narrow nose and white head, golden eyes and snow teeth" and "gorgeous as electricity". He can "stretch his neck a hundred feet, surpass nine elephants, and fight with soaring strength." The Monkey King and Wu Zhiqi are monkeys in character. They are either water apes or water apes living in similar environments. They are extremely resourceful, good at change, flying fast and difficult to control. Therefore, you can see the embryonic form of the Monkey King in Wu Zhiqi.

Thirdly, in the early image of the Monkey King, there are still wild monkey bones, Tang legends and Song editions in ancient times. From Zhu Lei in Shan Hai Jing, to Ma Hua in Search, to Nanshan Bamboo in Jiao Shi, water ape in Diao Jun Chao, monkey god in Wang Feng, and then to the legend of white ape. In the early Buddhist stories, the Monkey King's image has these three characteristics, which are lacking in ancient Indian legends. There is no "first" part in Tang Sanzang's poems in Song Dynasty, and the remaining 16 parts are very simple, just the outline of the speaker in Song Dynasty. Among them, the scholar in white is the Monkey King with 84,000 copper heads in Ziyun Cave of Huaguoshan. He was uneasy about his duties and rebelled and stole flat peaches from the Queen Mother. He can go to Tiangong, Wangmuchi and Longchi, and he has the great magical power to kill the white tiger essence and subdue the nine-headed monster. In Yang Jingxian's Journey to the West Zaju, Sun Xing was lewd and stole the "wife of Jin Dingguo". I was also uneasy about my duty, and made mistakes, stealing "nectar from the Jade Emperor's Palace", "stealing a hundred peaches from the Queen Mother and a set of fairy clothes for my wife to wear", "making a fairy dress" and "stealing the emperor's father and refining it into a pill, and then refining it into a bronze rib after nine turns". He also has great magical powers, such as "climbing vines and stirring vines when he is happy, stirring the sea and crossing the river when he is angry", "I can't catch 100 thousand demons in nine days" and the ability of water apes. Although the Monkey King's rebellious spirit in the novel is more prominent and intense than that in the zaju, it is not lewd. The monkey in the zaju is not only lewd, but also speaks inappropriately. For example, in the nineteenth play "Iron Fan Fierce", when borrowing a fan, he said to Princess Iron Fan, "My disciple is not shallow, but my wife is not deep. I want to be a pair of fairies with you. " Princess Tiefan was furious because she said obscene words and got into a fight with her. She still retains the characteristics of the primitive monkey god. According to the original notes in the ancient textbooks of China compiled by Siam and others on the Korean border at the end of Yuan Dynasty, we can know that the Monkey King "went to the palace to steal a set of embroidered fairy clothes from the Queen Mother to celebrate the fairy clothes" in Journey to the West, Yuanqu Pinghua, and speculated that there was a plot of stealing a woman from Jindingguo as his wife in Yuanqu Pinghua, and it was also mentioned in the original note that Sun Walker lived in water curtain cave, Guo Hua. "There is an iron bridge in front of the cave, and there are thousands of streams under the bridge." He "worked miracles, stole the flat peaches from the fairy peach garden in the sky and the old man's panacea". It can be seen that the early Sun Monkey is similar to ancient legends, Tang and Song legends and fairy tales, which shows that the Monkey King's artistic image is a great son born in the soil of China's traditional literature and folk literature, rather than a pure "exotic".

Fourthly, from the origin and evolution of Wu Zhiqi's legend, we can also find each other's blood relationship.

"Wu" in the ancient scriptures or "jellyfish" in other places is a very old legend. Bao's "Nine Huai Four Middle Schools" says: "Xuanwu is like a jellyfish, and I am proud of the south." Note: "Turtles are water gods". It is not a water ape, but a turtle-shaped water beast and water god. Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" and "Four Biographies of He Lu", and the legend of the Huaihe River water god leading a horse, are probably the predecessors of Wu. This myth and legend of "supernatural beast" is probably a relic of ancient "totem worship" and a transition from a completely animal-shaped god to a completely human-shaped god. Li Gongzuo, a native of the Tang Dynasty, epitomized the legend of ancient monkeys and created "Qi Wu Zhi". However, this novel did not attract much attention in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Gongzuo became famous by his biography of Conan. In the Song Dynasty, this theory not only spread widely, but also became a hot commodity, which was put on the stage, namely, the jellyfish masonry mentioned in Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in the Yuan Dynasty and the twelfth issue of [Tianjingsha] The Official Wrong Country. This legendary story is lucky, perhaps because at that time, the tile artist said that the story of "Genie" was adding fuel to the fire.