Redwood log

Core Tip: The staggered and twisted texture formed by the influence of growth conditions on the growth of tree cells is called cattle hair rosewood. In fact, they are all sandalwood rosewood, and this texture feature of cow hair is usually used as one of the identification methods of rosewood. Actually, this is not objective. Many slow-growing rosewood produced in high altitude areas have no ox hair texture, and the material is more delicate.

The last issue has briefly introduced the wood commonly used in imitation furniture, and will interpret all kinds of wood-related things in more detail in the future. Since the first issue has already talked about "Venus and Tart" entering rosewood, the next few issues will continue the topic of "rosewood".

Dalbergia, Dalbergia, ebony, Dalbergia, Dalbergia, Dalbergia have a word "Dalbergia" in their names. This word means more than one thing. As far as Sanskrit sandalwood jackfruit is concerned, it means "Tannajian", which translates as "giving degrees". If this word is used alone, it loses its practical meaning. But when it is combined with the word "purple", it seems to make us feel deja vu. It is noble, dignified, calm and gorgeous. I believe many people know that there is this kind of wood, but what kind of wood is it and what is the development and evolution process from the past to today? It seems that I suddenly feel blurred again.

In addition, the market environment of mahogany is chaotic now, and the local characteristics of many kinds of wood are similar. As far as rosewood is concerned, the growth environment, climate, soil quality, different cutting time and other factors will make the difference between texture and texture, which is difficult for people without long-term practical experience to distinguish. However, the naming of all kinds of wood is also linked to "sandalwood" to raise the price. It is not uncommon for similar wood to be sold as rosewood, which makes rosewood lovers and consumers feel very complicated.

Then this article is to introduce this kind of wood to everyone, not a class or a genus (Pterocarya stenoptera). The name of this wood is very simple to me, with only two words-"red sandalwood". Its scientific name is sandalwood rosewood, and more people are used to using its other common name: lobular rosewood.

Because both are rosewood, but the materials and textures are different, I want to use a lot of pictures to let everyone know about rosewood, but no amount of pictures can cover all the texture features of rosewood, so the pictures provided here are for reference only. A deeper understanding requires a lot of practical contact.

Is rosewood extinct long ago?

Rosewood leaves are round, the leaves are neat and the veins are clear. Its branches are very soft during growth, but the wood will become very hard after being cut down. Red sandalwood is called "sacred wood" in India. It is colorful, changeable, harmless, immortal and can ward off evil spirits. Therefore, people often regard it as an auspicious tree and admire it to protect Anji Xiang. Mahogany has a long history of development in China. /kloc-in the 20th century, an island country appeared in Cambodia, southern Laos, southern Vietnam and southeastern Thailand. The name of this country is recorded as "Funan" in Jin Cuibao's ancient and modern works. This country is the earliest place in history books that can be traced back to rosewood.

China is the country with the largest application of mahogany. The widespread use of mahogany began in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, and Zheng He brought this kind of wood back from Southeast Asia after his voyage to the West. Since then, Judy, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty who liked rosewood, sent people to Nanyang to buy rosewood in large quantities, which lasted until the demise of the Ming Dynasty. At this time, there were not many rosewood trees in Nanyang Islands. By the early Qing Dynasty, the vast majority of redwoods in the world were used by China. The Qing government also sent people to Nanyang to purchase rosewood, but because of the slow growth of rosewood, the new material specifications were too small to use, and the supply began to dry up. Therefore, the rosewood used in the Qing Dynasty was adopted in the Ming Dynasty.

By the middle of Qing Dynasty, due to the shortage of rosewood, furniture gradually began to be replaced by mahogany. At the same time, the court also began to buy rosewood from private businessmen at a high price. Due to the high purchase price, the timber hoarded by private businessmen in various places was almost collected during this period. At that time, most of these woods were used for the decoration of Yuanmingyuan and the Forbidden City. By the time Yuan Shikai arrived, only a small amount of rosewood had been used up in China.

After China entered the war period, rosewood was no longer concerned by people, and no one bought it. After the economic recovery, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and redwoods began to enter China through various channels. However, due to the slow growth and low output of rosewood, the price of rosewood has soared.

Are there many classifications of rosewood?

Some scholars once divided red sandalwood into many kinds, such as cow hair pattern red sandalwood, rhinoceros horn red sandalwood, chicken blood red sandalwood, Venus red sandalwood and so on, which is easily misunderstood. I think the purpose of some documents is not only to prove themselves and spread knowledge, but also to have a sense of historical responsibility and social responsibility. The above-mentioned names of red sandalwood can not be classified as red sandalwood, but only a certain characteristic of red sandalwood, which has different physiological characteristics according to the different growth environment and soil quality. If the words are not carefully used, it will cause academic confusion, complicate simple things and be detrimental to the effective dissemination of knowledge.

For example, the current' red sandalwood detection standard' of the Academy of Forestry is: "Single row of isomorphic short rays (the height is generally not more than 10 cells), overlapping; Mainly banded parenchyma, usually containing rhombic crystals. The rosewood standard defines rosewood as long as it meets three conditions at the same time: 1, and the rosewood with dark heartwood. 2. When the moisture content is 12%, the air-dry density of wood is greater than 1. 3. The average chord diameter of the tube hole is not more than160μ m ... If the above conditions are met, it can be called rosewood even if it is not included in the standard. " There is a lack of trust and understanding between people, and everything depends on scientific methods to verify today. Therefore, the appraisal fee and standard are 1800 yuan. I can only sum up my feelings in three sentences: "Great sorrow without tears, great enlightenment without words, silent laughter."

The main producing area of rosewood is the tropical rain forest of Nanyang Islands, which refers to the wild forest. It took about a thousand years to become useful. Chinese name: rosewood, whose heartwood vessel contains red gum and red pterostigmine. Some people call it Venus rosewood. In fact, the view of "Venus" is related to the formation time and cutting position of heartwood. Because the growth conditions affect the growth of tree cells, the staggered and twisted texture formed is called cattle hair rosewood. In fact, they are all sandalwood rosewood, and this texture feature of cow hair is usually used as one of the identification methods of rosewood. Actually, this is not objective. Many slow-growing rosewood produced in high altitude areas have no ox hair texture, and the material is more delicate.

The name of sandalwood rosewood is very simple at first, it is called rosewood. But what about the so-called lobular rosewood and big leaf rosewood today? 1996, someone imported a hardwood from Madagascar. The new section of its heartwood is orange, which has turned into deep purple for a long time. Its texture features are similar to those of mahogany used in Chinese classical furniture. This piece of wood was identified as rosewood by the Weibo Institute of the Forbidden City. Since then, "after hard work, the Ministry of Trade has finally found a variety of rosewood from the dense forests of the Indian Ocean islands and acquired hundreds of tons of raw materials of rosewood. This is the first time since the Ming and Qing Dynasties that a large number of mahogany raw materials have been imported. The news that it was identified as the old rosewood used in Ming Dynasty in China by the experts of classical furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing Palace Museum was widely circulated, thus denying the statement that the real rosewood has been extinct for a hundred years. Many people began to hoard this "rosewood" and buy furniture or handicrafts made of these "rosewood".

The news at that time said in magazines, TV advertisements and the Internet that this so-called "rosewood" was widely used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and many rosewood furniture in the Forbidden City used this so-called "island rosewood" (in fact, there is no such plant in Botanical Classification, which is purely fictional). This result alarmed the United Nations Environmental Protection Organization. Therefore, the United Nations Environmental Protection Organization informed the Malagasy government to stop logging rosewood and rosewood trade.

Later, Madagascar submitted a written report to the United Nations Environmental Protection Organization, stating that it does not produce rosewood, and the dark hardwood exported to China and other countries is not rosewood. The United Nations Environmental Protection Organization specially invited experts from the French Tropical Timber Research Institute to visit Madagascar, and drafted a detailed report and submitted it to the United Nations, which confirmed the authenticity of the Madagascar report. In order to correct the misleading, Malagasy officials provided all the information of Dalbergia Lushi to the forestry research department of China, and the truth came out.

But it's no use crying over spilled milk. For this kind of wood, China has been hoarding and purchasing. The truth of the matter poses a great threat to the reputation and interests of some people. The ideas or interests of several people have actually become an international joke. Facing the reality, how can we resolve this embarrassing situation?

In 2000, People's Republic of China (PRC)'s national standard "Mahogany" (Mahogany GB/T 18 107-2000) was released in a hurry. According to the national standard, 33 kinds of wood belonging to 5 genera and 8 categories are Mahogany. Among them, this "rosewood" which is not rosewood is classified as ebony in Dalbergia, and its scientific name is "Lushi Black Dalbergia". In this way, this "Lushi black Dalbergia" has become mahogany and valuable wood. But after all, from rosewood to rosewood, the gap is still relatively large. Therefore, the real rosewood (sandalwood rosewood) has a name "lobular rosewood". Why is it called "lobular rosewood"? Because "big leaf rosewood" has another name, which is Lushi's black rosewood.

200 1 someone made this process of reversing black and white public. In fact, many people knew the truth about "Lushi ebony" at that time. Now it seems that not many people know the truth of this matter. When it comes to the origin of the two names "lobular rosewood" and "big leaf rosewood", most people are just blinded by the beautiful story of "the evolution of children's voices of small-eyed rosewood and big-eyed rosewood".