When grafting, select the backbone branches according to the tree shape to be cultivated in the future. The main branch of culture medium 3 can leave 5-6 large branches, the length of which is 2/3 of the original main branch, and 2-3 lateral branches are left on each main branch. The diameter of the wound on the main branch is less than 6 cm. The sawn bones can be transplanted by subcutaneous transplantation, subcutaneous abdominal transplantation, abdominal incision transplantation and high bud transplantation.
Subcutaneous transplantation: suitable for grafting branches. The scion is 1 year. Before grafting, cut off the base of the scion 1 cm, soak it in clear water for one night, and graft it the next day. When cutting the scion, the front and back sides of the scion are cut into two inclined planes, the large inclined plane is 3-5 cm long, the small inclined plane is 0.5-0.7 cm long, and the cut plane should be flat. The surface of the replaced branch saw mouth should be leveled with a knife, cut a vertical mouth and gently open it with a knife. The big slope of the scion should face the xylem and be inserted along the vertical opening, and the scion section is exposed by 0.5cm, which is generally 65438+. After the scion is inserted, wrap it on the kerf with plastic film, and then tie it tightly with plastic strips.
Subcutaneous abdominal grafting: suitable for cutting off branches from exposed parts of high grafting trees to fill gaps. Trees can be grafted when they are peeled off. Scrape off the old skin first, cut a T-shaped incision at a 45-degree angle in the exposed part, and then dig a semicircular inclined plane in the transverse incision. The cutting method of scion is the same as that of subcutaneous grafting, but the slope is shorter. Insert the scion into the incision and wrap it tightly with plastic strips, leaving 4 ~ 5 buds for the scion.
Abdominal cutting grafting: used for grafting on twigs with inner cavity diameter less than 2 cm. First, the shoots are cut short, and a 2-3 cm long incision is obliquely cut below the incision, and the scion is cut into a 2-3 cm long inclined plane, and the other side is cut into a slightly shorter inclined plane. When the cuttings are inserted, the inclined plane faces the xylem, and the xylem is aligned with the high grafting cambium, and then wrapped tightly with plastic strips.
High grafting bud: used to supplement the sprouting branches of main branches. In the inactive part of the inner cavity of the high grafting tree, the sprout is reserved, and the bud is grafted to the base of the sprout in July-August.
After high grafting, the balance between the above-ground and underground parts of high grafting trees was destroyed. In the year of high grafting, not only the high grafting branches grow vigorously, but also the mother will sprout a large number of tillers. In addition to leaving some sprouted tillers in appropriate parts as supplementary grafting, the rest should be cut off as soon as possible to avoid wasting too much nutrition and affecting the growth of high-grafted branches. High grafting branches grow vigorously within 1 ~ 2 years after grafting, and need to be adjusted in time according to the requirements of plastic results. When pruning in winter, the branch as an extension branch is usually cut short, and other branches are made to bear fruit as soon as possible by methods such as removing strength, leaving weakness or putting it long.