Shuowen: "The emperor is great. Self. From the beginning. The first emperor, the land of Huang San. " "The emperor, truth also. The number of kings in the world is also. " Er ya Shi Shu Shang: "Huang, Jun also." "The emperor is also a gentleman." Dacheng's "Shuo Wen Gu Shu Bu": "Yellow, great cause. When the sky is unearthed, it will be bright, and the sky is your home, so Huang San is called the emperor. " "Emperor" and "Emperor" are both titles of monarch and emperor, and the combination of the two words is also the general name of monarch and emperor. Liang Zhangju's Inscription in Qing Dynasty: "Those who combine heaven with virtue are called emperors, those who combine land with virtue are called emperors, those who combine people are called kings, and those who combine heaven with mother are called emperors." ?
The word "emperor" appeared twice in Shangshu Lu Xing: "The emperor lamented the injustice of slaughter …" and "The emperor asked the people to resign as widows." The "emperor" here is a title of respect for emperors of past dynasties. The word "emperor" once appeared in Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything: "longwu Confucius said: It is the land where the emperor shines, and autumn is not known." The "Emperor" here refers to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, especially the Yellow Emperor. The word "Emperor", as the official title of the monarch in feudal times, originated in Ying Zheng, which established the Qin Dynasty. ?
In 22 1 year BC, Qin destroyed six countries and unified the world. Ying Zheng called himself "Emperor" to show his merits and demerits towards Huang Sanhe Gade. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "In ancient times, there were emperors, Huangdi, Tai Huang and Tai Huang were the most expensive. I'll wait for you to die. The king's name is Tai Huang. ..... Wang Yue: Go to Thailand, write "Di", take the ancient title of "Di" and call it "Di". " From then until the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Xuan Tong, they all used "Emperor" as the special title of monarch, which lasted for more than two thousand years. ?
In addition to the title of "emperor", there are many special alternative titles for feudal monarchs, which are classified as follows:
The emperor's request
Me: In ancient times, the name "I" was a very common self-name, and there was no distinction between high and low. Shangshu Hao Tao Mo: "Hao Tao said: I will keep my word." "Er Ya Shi": "I am, I am also." Guo Pu's Note: "In ancient times, everyone called me." After Qin Shihuang unified the world, when ministers discussed the title, Li Si and others suggested that "the son of heaven calls himself me" (Historical Records). Since then, this general title has become the special title of the emperor. ?
Solitude: It was originally advocated by governors in the pre-Qin period. "Book of Rites Jade Algae": "Anyone who calls himself ... the king of a small country is lonely and unbearable." "Zhuangzi Stole Foot": "Anyone who has this virtue is enough to be called a lonely south." "Lu Chunqiu Jun Shou": "Junmin is lonely and unstoppable." Note: "Being lonely is also a gentleman's modest name." After the Qin Dynasty, he continued to call himself the emperor. ?
Widow: It was originally advocated by governors in the pre-Qin period. See Lv Chunqiu JUNSHOU quoted above and its notes. After the Qin Dynasty, he continued to call himself the emperor. Widowed: the humble title of ancient kings, which has the same meaning as the above two. "Si Qi Warring States Policy": "Although the high must stand on the low, although the high must stand on the bottom, it stands on the marquis claiming to be lonely." ?
Me: It was originally a modest word of ancient princes or literati. Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for three years: "Please give me the kingdom of your master, and I will die without regret." Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang: "There are not many people." Zhu Zhu noted: "I am a vassal, and even a man without virtue." Since the Tang Dynasty, the word "I" has become the emperor's special name. ?
None of the above emperors claimed to be proper nouns, but the emperor really claimed to be "given to one person." Shangshu Shang patent: "Hey! There are more than 20,000 people, so I will listen to one person. " "Book of Rites Jade Algae": "Whoever claims to be himself will be given one by the Emperor." Hole thin: "to me, too. Those who call themselves one call me one of the people, different from things, so they laugh at themselves. "Others call me" Yu Yi Ren ","Zuo Zhuan mourns the public for sixteen years ":"Summer April, death. The official said, "Hao Tian won't hang up. He won't leave an old man and leave Ping Yu alone. The most orthodox emperor's statement of "giving (more) one person" is rarely used when the emperor speaks, and it is rarely recorded in history books. ?
In addition, there is a kind of self-proclaimed "Yu dutiful son", which is the ancient emperor's self-proclaimed to the former king or elder. "ShangJiaZhong": "The king bowed his head and said,' I don't know how to be a boy. ""This is what Wang Shangtai Jia said. " The Book of Songs Zhou Song: "Yu Min Xiao Zi was not built by his family. "This is Zhou Chengwang's claim. "Book of Rites under Quli": "The son of heaven was not lost, so it was given to the boy."
Second, courtiers' honorifics to the emperor
Your Majesty: This is an ancient title of respect for the emperor. Everything lies in Han Feizi: "Your Majesty, although stones are harmful to each other, it is also the end of the world." After Qin dynasty, the emperor was called your majesty. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Since ancient times, it is not as good as your majesty Wade." Han Cai Yong's Arbitrariness: "Your Majesty's people: rank, rank, rise from the church. The emperor must have a close minister with soldiers around him to avoid danger. Those who call your majesty, the minister and the son of heaven dare not criticize the son of heaven, so they call your majesty and tell him because it means humble. The same is true of books. "
Long live: it was originally the birthday of the ancients after drinking, which is universal from top to bottom. Book I: "During the Warring States Period, the King of Qin saw Lin Xiangru as a servant, Tian Chan as a fake, Xu Jiangyan burned bonds, and everyone around him shouted long live. When the Seven Kingdoms were founded, all the people who were happy for the monarch shouted long live. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, courtiers have been accustomed to seeing kings and celebrating them with grace. " Emperor Ji of Wu Han: "The next day, I personally went to Takamatsu, and Yushi was taken as a subordinate. In the temple, I heard about those three immortal people. " Biography of Han Han Leng: "When it comes to the Constitution, the following ministers should worship it and call it long live. Leng Zhengse said, "My husband is not flattering me, but I am not embarrassed. No one can say long live the ceremony. " Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the word "Long live" has become a special synonym for the emperor. ?
Shawn: This is a locative word. Because the throne is high above, the word Shang is used instead of the emperor. "Under Guan Chen Zijun": "The system of the people is in the ground, and the system of vegetation is also in time." Preface to Historical Records: "Make it the twelfth in this century." This refers to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. ?
Jehovah: A wise monarch. Han Gu Yong Biography: "I heard that the Lord is good or not." ?
Emperor: the title of the emperor's vassal. Lu Jinji's poem "The Crown Prince Banquet Xuanpu Xuanyi Hall has an order to write a poem": "The emperor usurps the throne and teaches Hongdao." ?
Letter from the courtier to the emperor. Han Meng Jian's Ode to the East: "Therefore, the joy of the holy family is bathed in ointment." The Book of Jin Zhou Jun Biography is accompanied by a reply from Zhou Jun: "Although God listens, Fu Yuan is wise ... If Xiangtu doesn't move his house, he will enjoy eternity." ?
Saint: honorific title for the emperor. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" records the stone: "Qin was born in China, and the name of punishment has been decided, showing the old chapter." Everything about emperors and dynasties is named as saints, such as the Lord and the imperial edict. ?
Saint: honorific title for the emperor. Book of Rites Biography: "Sages rule the world from the south." Wang Tangjian's poem "Gong Ci" says: "The saint's birthday is in the Ming Dynasty, and the private land must be returned to the prison first." ?
Official: a title of respect for the emperor. For example, Jin called his monarch Zhao Kuangyin Shi Hu (see Book of Jin Historical Records Ji Long Ji Ji), while Xun in the Southern Dynasties called all officials of the emperor (see Book of Southern Qi Biography). ?
Butler: the title of emperor. Jin Shu Shi Ji Long: "It's hard to say that the government is in charge. Will you obey me if I want to do something rash? " "Three Years of Zi Chengkang" Note: "Only here is the son of heaven called a butler. The western Han dynasty called the son of heaven a county magistrate, and the eastern Han dynasty called the son of heaven a country, so it was also called it. Or: Five emperors rule the world, and three kings rule the world, so it is also called. " ?
County official: the title of emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Historian Jiang Hou's aristocratic family: "I never knew that he stole the county magistrate's equipment, but he turned to report it in a rage and even slandered everything." Suoyin said, "The county magistrate called the son of heaven. Therefore, if the country is a county official, the county in Xia Guan Wang Ji is also the capital. The king is the official of the world, so the county official is also. " ?
Country: the title of Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. History of Sacrifice in the Later Han Dynasty: "February is the highest." Quote the official of Han Dynasty by Ying Shao and the ritual of meditation by Mathieu: "The state lives in the prefecture, and the monarch lives in the prefecture." In the Jin Dynasty, this title was still used. "The Biography of Tao Kan in the Book of Jin" said: "The country is young and has nothing to worry about." The "country" here refers to Sima Yan, the emperor of Jincheng. ?
Monarch: The monarch of a country. Selected Works of Li Ansu and Su Wu Shu: "Therefore, I want to serve the country as stated in the previous book." Biography of the Three Kingdoms Dong Zhuozhuan: "All Afuzhuo people died in prison." Quote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Wu Xiecheng of the Three Kingdoms: "More painfully, you are a minister of a king, who suffered from Hann in the world, and the king is in danger. You have never turned your back, and you have been greatly punished by God. " ?
Supreme: a title of respect for the emperor. History of Rites and Music: "Dancers are not happy, not supreme, and dare not be happy." Tang Li Bai's "A Gift to Xuancheng Taishou Yue": "Singing thunder in Chixian County is extremely powerful." ?
King: the ancient name for the emperor. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Four Dry": "Emperor Zhu Si, the king of the family." ?
Monarch: refers to the emperor or monarch. Shang Jun's Law on Prudence: "If you don't keep the monarch and invade the princes, you will rob the people." Song and Wang Bi's Ode to the Yuan Dynasty and Foreign People Seize the House: "Thanks to my emperor, you can appease it." ?
Queen: refers to the monarch. Emperor, big; Gu Ming, the late monarch: "Empress leans on jade to show her last days." Kong Chuan said, "When the Great King becomes king, he says that he will support his life by relying on jade." ?
Queen: The monarch. The Book of Songs is elegant: "Pursuing filial piety is followed by disobedience." Chuan: "The latter, Jun also." ?
Wang Zhu: refers to a monarch with the demeanor of a king. Guan Zi Fa Yan: "The king who catches profits has no king." Note: "Lord Wang, he will gain by abolishing righteousness." ?
Officer: refers to the emperor, but also refers to officials. Yuan Zhou Mi's "Old Wulin Stories": "One day, an official was drunk, and after reporting, he entered the convenient door and rose to the back." Qiao Yuanmeng wrote "The Story of Money": "Who doesn't know that Kaiyuan government offices are so luxurious, and the cuipan incense you see is cold and beautiful?" ?
Holy calendar: refers to the emperor. Liang Tong of the Southern Dynasties wrote a letter to Yi Jianping, the king of the day: "Today, the world is happy." Tang Liuliang's note: "The holy calendar is called the son of heaven." . ?
Tian: the title of the Jin emperor. In ancient times, "the second order of heaven" was compared to the relationship between ethics and morality, and heaven was the highest honorific title, so you were called "heaven". "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Four Years": "Jun, Tian Ye."
Tian Zi: In ancient times, the monarchy was given by God, which meant that the monarch ruled the people according to God's will, so it was called Tian Zi. "The Book of Songs, Elegance and Changwu": "Xu Fangye is the work of the son of heaven." "Book of Rites under Quli": "Summer is the son of heaven." ?
Tianwang: In the pre-Qin period, Tianwang specifically referred to Zhou Tian. "The Spring and Autumn Period and the Hidden Year": "In autumn and July, the heavenly king sent Jay back to Gong Hui for Chinese characters." "Rizhilu Tianwang" written by Gu in Qing Dynasty: "Shangshu is king, and Chunqiu is king. Chu, Wu, Xu and Yue were the kings at that time, and the heaven was different. " Later, the heavenly king was also used to refer to the emperor. One of Tang Du Fu's Two Memories of the Past: "Dogs come straight to the imperial bed, and hundreds of officials follow the king." ?
Heaven: refers to the emperor. Records of Five Elements in Hanshu: Evil lies in Heaven. Note: "As Chun said, Heaven is the emperor. Shigu said, "Make a sound wall." ?
Tiankhan: The ancient minorities in China called their monarch "Khan". Emperor Taizong was in Zhenguan for four years, and the governors of all ethnic groups in the northwest asked Emperor Taizong to be Tiankhan and expressed their support. Later, the imperial edicts given by the Tang Dynasty to the governors of all ethnic groups in the northwest were called "Tiankhan" by the emperor. ?
Horse-drawn cart: It originally referred to a horse-drawn cart. Because the emperor took it with him when he went out, he was called the emperor's name. Historical Records of Liu Jingchuan: "Today's car drives the western capital of Guanzhong." "History of Gaudi": "Driving the West Capital Chang 'an. "Note:" Anyone who talks about driving is called the son of heaven, and dare not criticize. " ?
Ride: originally refers to the car used by emperors or princes. Han Jiayi's "New Book: Waiting for Qi": "The emperor's car is called riding Yu, and waiting for the car is called riding Yu. Take a ride and wait. " Later it was used as a synonym for the emperor. Han Caiyong's Arbitrariness: "The son of heaven is supreme and dare not slander, so he is entrusted to ride ... or drive." "Du Dong Fu" by Han Bangu: "A courtesy official is a full instrument, and riding on it is a journey." ?
Six dragons: six horses driven by the emperor's chariot. Eight-foot horses are called dragons, so they are called six dragons. Used of emperors. Tang Li Bai's Journey to the West by the Nanjing Emperor (No.4 of Ten): "Who is the king who is difficult to go? Six dragons are happy to go to the West." ?
Dragonfly: It refers to the emperor, which means he is condescending, just like a flying dragon in the sky. I ching gan: "in the ninth five-year plan, the flying dragon is in the sky, so it's good to meet adults." Zhang Tang wants to write an epitaph for Zhang Yi, the author of Lang: "Spread your wings and fly dragons, destroy the world." ?
The respect of the Ninth Five-Year Plan: It originated from the Book of Changes: "At the time of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the flying dragon was in the sky, which was beneficial to meet adults." Kong Dui said, "It is said that during the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the sun was in full swing, so the flying clouds were big. This image of nature, like a saint with a dragon virtue, flies in the sky and lives in the sky. Germany is ready to let the world be seen by all things, so it is good for the world to see this adult living on the throne. " Nine is the largest single digit, and five is the middle digit. The ancients especially liked these two numbers. Astrologers say that the hexagrams of the Ninth Five-Year Plan are the symbol of the monarch, so they call the throne the image of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. ?
Master: It refers to the king and the emperor. "Guan Zi Quan Xiu": "The people are humbled, and the people are disrespectful." "The Biography of Ban Gu in the Later Han Dynasty": "Zhao Ming is a teacher, and five virtues begin." Note: "The Lord of man is called the son of heaven."
Official position: refers to the emperor. The book of songs, elegant; "There is a vacancy in the post, and Wei Zhongshan just makes up for it." Shu: "The position of king is also real. Don't talk about the king, don't be surprised, Jude Law said that the son of heaven is also a rider. "
Tian Jia: refers to the emperor, Han Caiyong's "Arbitrary": "The son of heaven is nothing more than a home in the world, so it is called Tian Jia." "The Biography of Cao Jie in the Later Han Dynasty": "The circus is planned in Tianjia." ?
Zhai Jia: the title of emperor in the palace. Because the imperial power is supreme, "the world is home, the world is home", so it is called "home". ?
Everyone: the title of emperor is held by a close minister or concubine in the palace. Han Caiyong's Arbitrariness: "The waiter is the master, and the official is the family." "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of Li": "The auxiliary country is the emperor: everyone sits in the palace and listens to the old slave execute in foreign affairs." Liu Tangsu's "Tangren Xinyu: Shuang Rong": "First, the imperial court announced to the queen, and then said: Long live you, Zhao Yi is the benefactor of the old lady, and I will part with you when I die."
Third, other titles of the emperor.
A disparaging term for the emperor. Han Hexiu's Preface to Ram Collection: "Governing by doing nothing." Tang Xu Yan Shu: "The classic" Xie Yun: The Biography of the Ram "does not say that it is a prisoner of heaven, but the ram says that Zhuang and Yan's disciples regard it as a prisoner of heaven, so there is no way." Zhang refuted Kang Youwei's book On Revolution: "A prisoner who has lost his land thinks that he is the head of the Han Dynasty, which is different from putting a sinner in prison and treating him as a king." ?
Great line: the ancient name is the emperor of beginning and end. "The History of Andy in the Later Han Dynasty": "Being an emperor will last forever." Li Xian quoted Zhao Wei as saying, "Great monkey, you can't talk. The emperor collapsed and didn't die, so he called it Dahang. " Or "Yi Zhou Shu Shi Fa": "The trace of the teacher's behavior, the name of big behavior, the name of small behavior." Tian Zi's new collapse is called a big line, saying that he has great virtues and deserves a big name. ?
In the Song Dynasty, temples and ancestors were called emperors, such as Zongshen as the ancestor and Renzong as the Renmiao. ? According to Song Zhou Mi's "Return to the Heart and Miscellaneous Knowledge", the name of the mausoleum was also used as the nickname of the emperor in the Song Dynasty. For example, Renzong is called Zhaoling and Zongshen is called Yuling. ?
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, posthumous title used to take the title of the year as the emperor. Such as Wanli, Chongzhen, Kangxi and Qianlong. ?
In addition to the above titles, the other names of the emperor are Jia, Zhou, Shen,,, Dajun, Wang Gong, (Northern Dynasty), Langzhu (Liao, Jin) and so on.