1On March 24th, 949, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De pointed out in their reply to the officers and men of the uprising of the Kuomintang navy cruiser "Chungking": "The people of China must establish their own strong national defense, and besides the army, they must also establish their own air force and navy."
1On April 23rd, 949, the People's Liberation Army of China, which crossed the natural barrier of the Yangtze River, planted a red flag of victory in the presidential palace of the Nanjing Kuomintang. On the same day, the navy of the East China Military Region, the first unit of the PLA Navy, was established in Baimamiao Township, Tai County, Jiangsu Province, north of the Yangtze River. From then on, the people of China finally had their own maritime armed forces, and the people of China, who had been invaded by foreign invaders from the sea for more than 100 years, began to build their own navy, which was a major turning point in the history of China.
As soon as the People's Navy was born, it received the attention of the party and the state. On September 2 1949, Mao Zedong solemnly declared at the People's Political Consultative Conference in China: "Our national defense will be consolidated and no imperialists will be allowed to invade our country again. On the basis of the heroic and tried-and-tested People's Liberation Army, our people's armed forces must be preserved and developed. We will not only have a strong army, but also a strong air force and a strong navy. " Then, President Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the newly established navy of the East China Military Region: "We must build a navy that can defend China's coastal defense and effectively resist possible imperialist aggression." 1953 in February, President Mao Zedong inspected the naval forces for the first time, and wrote five inscriptions in succession: "In order to oppose imperialist aggression, we must build a strong navy".
The care of the leaders has given the new people's navy a strong vitality. 1950 in August, the newly established naval leadership organization held a meeting to build the army in Beijing. The meeting formulated a more practical and specific implementation policy for naval construction: "Starting from the long-term construction and the current situation, we will build modern, offensive and defensive, offshore and light maritime combat forces. First of all, organize the use and exertion of existing forces, develop new forces such as torpedo boats, submarines and naval and air forces on the basis of existing forces, and gradually build a strong national navy. " Prior to this, on May 18, 2008, President Mao Zedong formally requested the Soviet Union to provide materials, engines, auxiliary machines and weapons for China to build torpedo boats and other ships.
1On June 4th, 953, the June 4th Agreement signed by the Chinese and Soviet governments included five types of ships built by six shipyards. Among these five types of ships, 1 is a torpedo boat, which is a 6602 wooden torpedo boat.
1June, 954, with the approval of the State Planning Commission, wooden torpedo speedboats were built by Wuhu Shipyard and Guangzhou Shipyard.
In fact, long before China planned to build its own torpedo boat, the People's Navy had its own torpedo boat force. The formation of torpedo boat force is different from other forces, and its remarkable feature is that the school is established first and then the army is formed.
1950 In August, the speedboat (torpedo boat) school was established, and the naval leaders requested that the trainees of the torpedo boat unit should be trained within six months to one year, so as to quickly form a torpedo boat unit capable of carrying out combat tasks. At that time, the navy assigned the following three tasks to the school: First, to train the crew of offshore torpedo boats, including the captain, boatswain, chief engineer, gunner, torpedo soldier, engineer, signalman and leading cadres above the squadron.
Second, according to the level and ability of graduates, the school is responsible for deploying boats and fleets, organizing internships, forming combat troops, and then transporting them to the navies of various military regions.
Third, while training students, the school is responsible for the preparation of Qingdao torpedo boat base, including docks, engine repair shops, torpedo inspection rooms and other facilities.
With the help of experts from the former Soviet Union, the naval speedboat school started in a hurry with only one month's preparation time. The six torpedo boats used for school training are all old boats purchased from the former Soviet Union. These old boats are made of aluminum, with a displacement of 20 tons and equipped with 450 mm torpedo tubes. The school will form a torpedo squadron with students and six old torpedo boats according to the organizational system. The training method of the school is extremely unique, neither like the general military school nor like the general army, both of which are. After the classroom education, they immediately led the students to the ship for practical operation. During the internship, students gradually establish and implement various rules and regulations of torpedo boat forces, and establish and be familiar with various operational arrangements. After one year and two months of training, a total of 897 trainees were trained. These 897 students were equipped with 42 torpedo boats and formed 4 torpedo boat brigades.
At this point, the naval torpedo boat force was officially incorporated into the battle sequence of the People's Navy. Among them, the East China Sea torpedo boat unit sank the Kuomintang navy frigate "Taiping" in195414 East Zhejiang waters for the first time, which fully demonstrated the unique combat capability of the People's Navy's new maritime combat weapon-torpedo boat. The Central Military Commission issued a circular in recognition of this brigade.
The "Taiping" frigate was originally the "Dyke" frigate of the US Navy. After World War II, it was presented by the United States to the then Kuomintang government. After arriving in China, several frigates, including Dacker, were named Taiping, Taikang and Taizhao respectively to ensure the "Yong 'an" of the Kuomintang regime. After the modification of the Kuomintang navy, the main equipment is two 76.2 mm and 40 mm guns and 10 20 mm cannon. More than 200 officers and men of the whole ship have become the main ships of the Kuomintang navy.
After joining the Kuomintang navy, the frigate Taiping joined the "southward fleet" and recovered the Nansha Islands under the leadership of the patriotic general Lin Zun, but its life was full of evil.
1948 10 The Hou Jingru 17 Corps stationed on the coast of the Yellow Sea is facing the dilemma of being surrounded by us. Ships such as Taiping and Taikang urgently transported ammunition for the Corps and launched shelling on our army.
During the period of 1949, "Taiping" and other ships smuggled cultural relics, gold and personnel to Taiwan Province Province for the Kuomintang government for many times. In August of the same year, he began to block our Bohai Bay port, shelled our cargo ships, and even swam in coastal waters such as Qinhuangdao, Huludao, Tanggu and Yingkou.
1949 65438+1From October 23 to 28, 3 regiments of our army and 9086 boatmen and migrant workers were defeated in the battle to liberate Kinmen Island. Most of them died heroically, and some were captured. In this campaign, the Kuomintang garrison reached 40,000 people, and Major General Li Yuxi, commander of the second fleet of the Kuomintang coastal defense, took the Taiping ship and led the "202" and "Nan 'an" reinforcements. He repeatedly approached the Guningtou offshore, which was only 6 feet deep, and shot my officers and men with guns. The battleship Taiping committed unforgivable crimes in this battle.
Since then, because our navy has just been established and its combat capability is still very weak, the frigate Taiping has sailed in Wenzhou Bay, Sanmen Bay and Taizhou Bay as the flagship of the fleet for many times, commanding other warships to disturb and destroy our sea area, shelling and robbing our fishing boats and cargo ships, which has brought great threats to our coastal military and civilians. To this end, the Zhejiang frontline command decided to take advantage of the opportunity to sink the Taiping.
195410125 On October, the former commander Zhang Aiping arrived at the Tong Guan station of Gaodao Navy and personally observed and verified the invasion of the Taiping into the coast. 1 954165438+1October1day, our navy's torpedo boat brigade has six torpedo boats with a displacement of 22 tons and a maximum speed of 4 6 knots. The left and right sides of the hull are equipped with torpedo tubes with a diameter of 450 mm. Under the leadership of political instructor Zhu Hongxi and deputy squadron leader Tie,
165438+1October 14 At 0005, the frigate Taiping was found at Tong Guan Station in Gaodao, and four torpedo boats approached the enemy ship under the guidance of Tong Guan Station. At the distance of 20 ~ 30 chains from Taiping, four torpedo boats fired torpedoes at enemy ships successively.
When the frigate Taiping hit the torpedo, our torpedo boat evacuated safely. After the enemy ship was struck by lightning, it fired blindly into the air, thinking that the plane dropped bombs in the air. After that, the lost power "Taiping" drifted at sea for more than three hours. Three Kuomintang warships came to the rescue from Chenta Island, trying to tow it back for repair.
At 7: 42 on the same day, the hull of Taiping gradually sank, and it sank in the sea off Gaodao 140 degrees and 18 nautical miles.
The sinking of "Taiping" caused panic among people from all walks of life of the Kuomintang hiding in Taiwan Province Province, and gave the Kuomintang authorities a "blow". After the news came out, Taiwan Province provincial high-level officials held two emergency meetings within 24 hours to discuss countermeasures. Even American newspapers, which have always sung hymns, exclaimed: The sinking of the Taiping "proves that China now has a strong naval force." At the same time, our frontline command attacked, sank the Kuomintang navy landing ship Zhongquan and gunboat Dongting respectively, and injured the frigate Yamato and the repair ship Hengyang, which dealt a heavy blow to the authorities in Taiwan Province Province.
The success of the first battle of torpedo boats attracted the attention of the People's Navy, which prompted China to speed up the development of torpedo boats. At the same time, the former Soviet Union transferred 39 small torpedo boats to China at the beginning of 1955. Nevertheless, the People's Navy naturally did not slow down the construction of the 6602 wooden double-tube torpedo boat handed over to China according to the June 4th agreement between China and the Soviet Union.
1955 In February, the former Soviet Union provided a complete set of product design drawings from 1954, provided semi-finished products and equipment in batches, and sent experts to China to guide the construction of the first torpedo boat, which was completed in February of the same year. From1February 1955 to1May 1959, Wuhu Shipyard built 5 1 converted torpedo boats. After the first batch of more than 20 torpedo boats were manufactured with imported materials and equipment, it was difficult to order hull wood from abroad. If we don't try to switch to domestic wood in time, it will inevitably affect the manufacturing progress of subsequent boats. Although China is rich in forest resources, it is not easy to select qualified wood from them.
To make the wood of torpedo boat hull, we should not only choose a specific tree species (Pinus thunbergii) growing in a specific place of origin, but also distinguish different parts such as roots, poles and tips, as well as the sunny and sunny conditions of each part. After the material is selected, various technical properties such as torsional stress and pressure resistance should be tested.
Because of the slight disqualification, the hull strength will be reduced, the seawater corrosion resistance will be reduced, and the ship speed will be slowed down. In the process of hull construction, the requirements for wood processing are also very strict, especially the wood gluing technology, which was still a brand-new technology in China at that time. Workers are not familiar with this. After careful study and trial and error by factory engineers and military representatives, they finally solved one problem after another. After the first batch of boats were assembled and built with imported semi-finished products, the second batch of boats were built by the shipyard itself with imported wood. Since Boat 25 made in 1957, imported wood has been replaced by domestic wood.
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