This bird is bisexual, with a dark brown iris, a black or brown mouth and dark brown feet. Male adult birds are brightly colored, metallic green from the top of the head to the back of the neck, dark olive green on the back and shoulders, bright yellow on the waist, dark brown on the wings, olive yellow on the outer edge, metallic green on the upper tail feather, blue-purple on most of the central tail feather, needle-like extension of the apex of the central tail feather axis, black on the rest of the tail feathers, and Bai Duan and emerald green on the outer four pairs of tail feathers. Eyes, cheeks and ear feathers are all black, and the head side is reddish brown; The moustache is green metallic or bright purple; Chin, throat and upper chest are all red; The lower chest is olive yellow, sometimes with taupe; The rest * * * and its sides are light gray, light milky yellow to yellow-green, or decorated with yellow or yellow-green gray; The feathers under the wings are white. The head and back of 9-month-old male chicks are olive green; The base of the crown feather is grayish brown; Bright yellow waist; The tail is covered with olive green feathers and scattered with bright green feathers; Flying feathers are black and brown; Eyes are black first; The head side is light green and yellow; The whole * * * is yellow and green; The chest is mixed with dark ochre red feathers.
The crown or feather base of female adult birds is grayish brown to brown; The olives above are yellow-green; The wings are dark brown and the narrow side is olive yellow; The tail feather is brown and black; The shaft of the central tail feather is not prolonged; The lateral tail feather has obvious white feather tip, which gradually becomes larger outward; Eyes first gray and then black; Light olive green on the head side; Chin and throat are light green gray, or gray green to light green yellow; The chest turns deeper; The abdomen and sides are pale, green-white or yellow-green; The feathers under the tail are light milky yellow or milky white. The upper body of female chicks is similar to that of adults, with gray throat and light olive yellow; I have become shallow. (according to South China subspecies)
South China subspecies and Nominal subspecies are similar in special tail shape and feather color, but the back feathers of male adults of Nominal subspecies are obviously velvet black instead of dark olive yellow, and * * * light green yellow is not bright; Some female adult birds are not as bright yellow as South China subspecies. The color of the belly feathers of the two subspecies is unstable, which has nothing to do with the season.
Habitat fork-tailed sunbird is a resident; It is more common in Zhongshan and hilly areas, living on the edge of primary or secondary dense broad-leaved forests in ravines, beside mountain streams and slopes, and also in bushes near villages, or in tropical rainforests and camellia oleifera forests. Often active at the top of tall trees, especially mistletoe or flowering trees and bushes? .
Living habits and behaviors: lively temperament, quick action, always jumping and flying between branches, not afraid of people. The song is thin and sharp, distinctive and easy to identify. Often alone or in pairs, sometimes in groups, it is not easy to group. Like the metallic color of the fork-tailed sunbird, its sound is full of heavy metal, continuous and rapid, much like the chiff-chiff-chiff high vibrato from the bowl inside a percussion instrument, and it makes a series of chirps when eating, which is very noisy.
Fork-tailed sunbird feeding habits: similar to other sunbirds, it takes nectar as its staple food and likes to eat small insects. Occasionally, when visiting trees to absorb nectar, they will hover in the air. Therefore, it is often nicknamed: China Hummingbird.
Distributed in Vietnam, Laos and Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and other places in southern China. Common lowland birds are distributed in the southeast and south of China (Latou subspecies) and Hainan Island (named subspecies).
The breeding mode nest is pear-shaped, made of wild plant fibers such as grass stems, moss, dead leaves, wood cotton wool and feathers, and tied under the hanging cross branches; The sample taken from Hainan Island is about116mm high and 63mm wide. The entrance and exit above the nest side is oval, with a size of about 35.5×28 mm, and the upper part is covered by an eaves about 16 mm long; The inner layer of the nest is deeply concave, covered with lichen, soft and slender wood wires and slender grass roots.
Forked-tailed sunbirds breed from March to May every year. From late April, females weave nests on the treetops, and each nest lays 2-4 eggs, which are green or gray with reddish brown, purple or black spots. The female birds hatch, the incubation period is 13~ 17 days, and the young bird period is 15~ 16 days. Male birds make noises such as pe-et and pe-et during the brooding period, and the sounds gradually increase, followed by rapid pit sounds.
Breeding habit (1984 Guangxi observation): The nest is built on the vine shrub on the edge of bamboo broad-leaved forest in tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest mountain area at an altitude of 490 meters. Materials are taken from the periphery of 10-50 meters, mainly filaments (tree hairs) growing on the vines beside ditches, fragments or fragments of the outer cortex of vines of Vitaceae, and bright white Apocynaceae or radish as the inner cushion. Three days after the nest was found (May 1), the first batch of eggs were found, and the nest was full of four eggs. At 6: 30 on May 2, the second egg had been laid in the nest. The size of eggs is almost equal, and the average size is13.67×10.3 mm; The weight of eggs is1g. On the second day after laying eggs, only females begin to hatch eggs, and males only occasionally accompany females to the nest room. The incubation period is 13 days. Eggs hatch on the same day, and parent birds find food to feed their chicks on the same day. The chicks are borne by the females alone. From hatching to the ninth day, the females are regarded as entering the nest for the night. Three-day-old children are fed 38 times a day, and nine-day-old children are fed 8/kloc-0 times a day. At the age of three days, females often sit in their nests to keep their chicks warm after feeding.
The newly hatched chicks are all flesh red, naked and hairless. Mouth peak, egg tooth color. The corners of the mouth are white and slightly fleshy. The nostril cover protrudes on both sides of the ridge of the upper mouth. The abdomen is as big as a ball, and the head and neck often bend to the abdomen. The weight is 0.7-0.9 grams, which is lighter than the weight of eggs. The body length is about 23 mm, and at the age of 2 days, the needle-like primary flying feather breaks out of the skin and is about 1 mm long. 4 days old, eyes slightly open, ears open. At the age of 6 days, there are needle feathers in all feather areas of the body, and two feathers on each side of the tail feather break the sheath first. At the age of 8 days, the eyes are wide and iridescent brown; The primary flying feather breaks its sheath and becomes a pen. 10 days old, the egg teeth are no longer visible; The upper body is mainly olive green with brown wings and round eyes; You can jump short distances from 6 to 8 centimeters. 12-day-old, when leaving the nest, the upper mouth is bright brown, the lower mouth is slightly light and the base is dyed flesh-colored, the corners of the mouth are white with flesh-colored, * * * light olive yellow, the tarsal bones are light brown-gray, and the toes are dyed flesh-colored.
At about 7: 30 in the morning, the forked-tailed sunbird hides under the grass or shrubs after the chicks leave the nest, and some stand on the thin vines near the ground. The observer caught one of them and put it back in the nest. The female bird comes back to feed the chicks in the nest five times an hour. The chicks are restless in the nest, and then leave the nest again at 8: 44 and fly to the shallow grass under the nest. Chickens have excellent protective colors. It lives quietly in vines or bushes, and it is difficult to be found even if it follows the song. After the empty nest, the female will still feed the nest several times and leave the nest only when she can't see the chicks. 10: 00, the female bird enters the nest for nearly half an hour. During the whole process of leaving the nest, no male bird participated in any activities. The next afternoon, I saw the female feeding her young on bamboo and shrubs about ten meters away from the nest.
The subspecies-differentiated fork-tailed sunbird was divided into two subspecies, and a new subspecies named Aethopyga christinae sokolovi was found, which was not introduced in detail due to insufficient data.
The scientific name describes the named subspecies of the fork-tailed sunbird.
Christianity
Endemic to China, distributed in Hainan and other places. The model origin of this species is Hainan Island.
South China fork-tailed sunbird subspecies
Zion
It is distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other places in Vietnam and Chinese mainland. The model origin of this species is Zhangpu, Fujian.
Population status: Fork-tailed sunbird is a common bird in Southeast Asia. Although it may show a certain decreasing trend due to the gradual destruction of habitats, its population is relatively stable relative to the overall base. .
Fork-tailed sunbird, a bird, is common in the south of subtropics, that is, south of the Yangtze River basin in China. In recent twenty years (20 1 1), its new distribution was recorded in warm temperate North China, and a temperature zone extended northward. . In March 2007, the distribution of forked-tailed sunbirds was first discovered in Enshi, Hubei Province. . 20 1 1 The first recorded forked-tailed sunbird in Jiangsu Province? . In the 1980s, serious air pollution disappeared in Chongqing and reappeared in September 2005? . 1994 The forked-tailed sunbird was first recorded in Laos? .
According to the transect survey records of 8 parks in Guilin from February 20 1 1 year to May 20 12, this bird is a common species with a density of about 0. 185 birds/hectare. Usually a person, although the density is small, the total number is small, but the frequency of meeting is very high? .
Protection level IUCN protection level: no danger. Listed in the list of terrestrial wild animals that are beneficial to national protection or have important economic and scientific research value; 199 1 is listed as the key protected wild animals in Zhejiang province. Birds in captivity should be supplied with fresh honey water, because they have the habit of sucking nectar, so honey is indispensable for feeding. Ornamental bird feed is mixed powder, including 750g of soybean powder, 250g of cooked eggs and 5g of bone meal-10/0g. It is fully mixed and kneaded, dried and kneaded repeatedly until the mixture is powdery or minimal granular, and then stored in a ventilated place for later use. Put the dry feed in a cup for the birds to peck, and provide a glass of water for the birds to drink. Feed a small amount of chopped insects, fruits, etc. Every day.
The Mai family's first wife was Huang Yin. Huang Yin met Mai Jia and got married on 1, 1, in July 1992. The child was born on 1, in 1998. Mai Jia once reve