According to the headstock, its main task is to make the spindle get the required different forward and reverse speeds through a series of speed change mechanisms, and at the same time, the headstock divides some power to transfer the motion to the feed box. The spindle in the spindle box is the key part of the lathe. The stability of spindle running on bearings directly affects the machining quality of workpiece. Once the rotation accuracy of the spindle is reduced, the use value of the machine tool will be reduced.

2. Feed box

It is called the feed box, and the feed box is equipped with a speed change mechanism for feed movement. By adjusting the speed change mechanism, the required feed or pitch can be obtained, and the movement can be transmitted to the tool holder for cutting through the polished rod or screw rod.

3. Screw and polished rod

It is used to connect the feed box and the pallet box, and transfer the motion and power of the feed box to the pallet box, so that the pallet box can obtain longitudinal linear motion. The lead screw is specially designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of the workpiece, only the polished rod is used instead of the lead screw. Students should distinguish the difference between polished rod and lead screw according to the content of sliding box.

4. Carriage

It is the control box of lathe feed movement, and is equipped with a mechanism to convert the rotary motion of polished rod and lead screw into the linear motion of tool rest. The polished rod drive realizes the longitudinal feed movement, transverse feed movement and rapid movement of the tool rest, and the tool rest is driven by the lead screw to make longitudinal linear movement to turn threads.

5, tool rest

There are two layers of skateboards (small and medium skateboards), a bed saddle and a tool rest body. Used to install the turning tool and drive the turning tool to move longitudinally, transversely or obliquely.

Extended data:

Lathe type

1, ordinary lathe

It has a wide range of machining objects, a wide range of spindle speed and feed adjustment, and can process internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of workpieces. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers, which has low production efficiency and is suitable for single-piece and small-batch production and repair workshops.

2, turret and rotary lathe

It has turret tool rest or turret tool rest that can hold multiple tools. Workers can use different tools to complete various processes in one clamping, which is suitable for mass production.

3, automatic lathe

According to certain procedures, the multi-process machining of small and medium-sized workpieces can be automatically completed, and a batch of the same workpieces can be repeatedly processed, which is suitable for mass production.

4, multi-tool semi-automatic lathe

There are uniaxial, multi-axial, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single-axis horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but two groups of tool holders are installed at the front and back of the spindle or up and down, respectively, to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and its productivity is 3 ~ 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe.

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