Common sense of ancient ascending official documents in China
One of the registration forms. Also known as Shang Yan, Shangshu, Shangshu and Shangshu. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Shiceng wrote "Distinguishing Style": "In the Seven Kingdoms, the ancient style was not changed, and it was said that it was a letter to the king. After the Qin and Han dynasties, although generations changed, the ancient system still existed, so it was often seen in various dramas. Xiao Tong's Selected Works is different from the courtiers' books, so it forms a class of its own, which is called "Wen." Wang's interpretation of style in Qing Dynasty: "A writer must play it in high school, and AG writes a book." . In other words, offering books, offering food and feeding, and playing with books are also feeding. The Lord gives advice on the situation in Kim Dae. In the book, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, wrote the Book of the First Emperor. "Since the Han Dynasty, it has become less and less common. You don't have to write or say it in the Song Dynasty, it's just for the elders.
[thin] documents telling stories to the son of heaven. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang's "General Interpretation of Style" said: "Sparse, express words, analyze sparse, and play books." . Han dynasty applied to princes, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties applied to princes, and later generations applied to emperors. In today's system, Chen said that things are rare. Master Chen is thorough and orderly in his work. It originated from Han Han Xin's Book of Honor and Nobleness. "
[Shu Shu] The floorboard of Tiandi's articles. Also known as the memorial, book, power, opening, shape, letter, play, strategy, letter, play and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Shizeng wrote "Distinguishing Style": "Those who play frugally, the ministers talk about the total name of remonstrance. Playing imperial texts has different names, so it is also sparse. Before the seven countries, they were called letters. At the beginning of Qin dynasty, the book was changed to play. As for the five things of sparseness, correctness, enlightenment, shape and writing, they are all labeled as' play', which is different from the name of private and private exchanges. "
[Play Raiders] Offer suggestions. King Zhao Mang of the Qing Dynasty wrote "The General Interpretation of Style": "Those who play the strategy, the strategy, the horse, the plan and the plan. If you plan and plan, it's like playing with strategy. Master is planning, not going down to the top. It originated from Han Jiarang's "Playing the River", including Sui Wenzhong's "Twelve Strategies for Playing Peace", Wang Tangzhong's "Eighteen Strategies for Safeguarding Peace" and Zhang Song's Seven Sages' "Ten Strategies for Offering Treasures".
[admonishment] An admonishment letter from a courtier to the son of heaven. "Han Shi Wang Shi Zhuan": "I take 350 admonitions as a dead book." Tang Censhen's poem "I miss my hometown and travel to the left army" says: "Historians push straight, but admonishers don't peek." In the office of Zuoyuan, there is a poem for the imperial historian Du Fu: "But this is China, there is no mistake, and there is almost no petition."
[How to Play] Tiandi's article "Yong's Arbitrariness": "If a player ... asks about a case of illegal crime, the government will send it to Yushitai, and officials and a captain will send it to the audience." Liang's "Wen Xin Diao Long Playing Qi": "Yesterday, Tang Yu, a minister, made a statement; During the Qin and Han dynasties, the book said to fight. Chen's politics, ceremonies, sudden changes in the world and falling apart are always called fun. Players, also enter. Words are applied to the bottom, and feelings are advanced to the top. The husband takes this as a pen, based on understanding and sincerity, with analysis and dredging as the main line. Zhiqiang is enough to accomplish things, knowledgeable enough to be poor, and we must take into account ancient and modern times and cure complexity. " The king of Qing Dynasty wrote "The Interpretation of Style": "The ancient seal changed with characters. Shan Li said: Tell it with emotion. Han wrote four letters, and two others said they would type. It makes sense that the Lord is in charge of state affairs. " Since the Han dynasty, the style of performance has become more and more complicated, and later people call it playing things, playing sounds and playing books.
One of the chapter games. Wu Mingnai's "Distinguishing the Style of Articles": "Rhyme:' Express, be clear, be marked, and mark things to make them clear and speak. "Three generations ago, that was fun. Qin changed his watch. Han Yinzhi. Han jindun still advocates prose, taking Chen Da's affair as a cover, such as An Introduction by Kong Ming and Chen Qing by Li Lingbo. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was still four or six. Its uses include celebrations, resignations, thanks, books and tributes. Its use is different, and its words are different. " Wang Qing Zhao Fang's General Interpretation of Style: "There are six books and five tables in Tang Cun. Shangshu Province issued six books and a watch. This system glorifies the emperor and the empress dowager. The Lord wrote it with Ming and Brown, starting with the words of the minister and ending with the statement. " The source of Fang's article: "Table Huainan Wang An's" Dismissed Officials and Minbiao ".
[Concession Form] Show false humility to officials. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi made an examination of Yu Cong: "The ancients granted officials, and there were examples of giving up their tables. Liu said that this Tang Yuyu made the legacy of Miracle Hao Tao. " "Wen Xin Diao Long" said that Jin Wen used to receive the book and obeyed it in three words, which was based on the statement at the end of the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao gave an order to show that there was no need for repeated orders and flashiness, so Wei Chu showed the chapter and pointed out what should be done. In the past, every official gave a concession, which meant that it was difficult to enter and easy to retreat. But over time, hypocrisy has become a common practice, and it was discovered in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which is beneficial to the story. Since the superior has granted it to the official, it will not be withdrawn because of its surrender.
In fact, the next person also knew that his words were not accurate, so he borrowed a word to sing high. Look at the concentration of people and the internal and external systems of writing in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are many letters that are not allowed to reply in batches, letters that are not allowed to be taken out of context, and they are ridiculous. In the system of this dynasty, there is no false resignation when officials are moved to more than three places, so as to see the dignity of the court and the solid atmosphere. "
[Persuade into the table] Persuade into the throne table. During the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, when the ruling class seized power or the monarchy was interrupted, the rulers who established a new dynasty excused themselves. Let the country make a letter, pretend to be inferior, let the courtiers persuade him to sit down, praise his virtue, and let him be honored by his destiny before he is allowed to meditate. For example, Cao Pi replaced Han, and assistant Liu Yun led the monarch and his ministers to persuade them to move forward. So Wei was replaced, and he and Zheng Chong led the ministers to persuade him. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Si Marui (Yuan Di) fled to the south of the Yangtze River, and Liu Kun and others jointly persuaded him to enter the customs, and so on.
On the performance of impeaching officials. Also known as "playing writing", "playing chapter", "playing ink", "disintegrating" and "white bamboo slips". Liang's "Wen Xin Diao Long Playing Qi": "After playing, we should be considerate of each other." The source of the article: inquiry, miscellaneous inquiry by Wang, Shanxi and Jizhou secretariat. On Style by Wu Zengqi in Qing Dynasty: "If there is a crime of breaking up, use it. It's like adding a bird to a shell. There are three essays in the selection of songs, all of which have certain styles. Since then, the changes have been small, which is similar to what he played. " Huang Qing Zunxian's Poems on Man and Land and the Song of Nine Surnames Fishing Boat: "If you dare to slap Gillian's gold storage room, the bullets will be full of surprises." Zhao Ding Biography of Song History: "Those who recommend will be removed from the list." Biography of Don Cui: "Yin Fu collapsed."
As a rising official document in feudal society, calligraphy is used to state facts. The preface is a document stating the facts to the emperor. After the Han Dynasty, there were many complaints. Yang Bingchuan: "The satrap of Zhang Biao and Nanyang ... was driven by chariots. Because of his tone, he mostly knew it in private. He wrote a book to explain it to the Jingzhou secretariat and the court. "
[Wan Yanshu] The Emperor of Heaven played a long chapter. Song Zhao Chang's Ruling and Ruling Class: "The book of a thousand words is also the book of aspiring emperors. Going to the public is a long book. " Wang Anshi's Biography of Song History: "An Shi talks about Gao Qi, ... but he has the ambition to change the world, so he wrote thousands of words."
[Commemoration] One of the sparse forms. Also known as "fold" and "fold". It was named because it was written in a folded version. Under the Ming system, there are two kinds of memorials: inscribed books and played books. The title book is used for official business and printing; The playbook is for personal use only and does not need to be printed. They were all transferred to the cabinet by the General Political Department. Qing system, a title book on daily affairs, was also sent to the General Political Department. Important things are the memorial, which was played by Chen at the beginning of the memorial entering the palace, and only after the establishment of the military department was the military department sent to play. After Guangxu Gengzi, the abandoned problem book was almost used as a souvenir. There are fixed formats for the number of pages, lines and words per line.
One of the sparse forms of sealing. When a hundred officials play confidential things, they are sealed with soap capsules to prevent leakage, so they are called sealed. Also known as "sealing" and "sealing". The second year of Han Shu Xuandi Ji: "Now ministers have to print to know the situation." "Records of Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty": "A hundred officials have sealed everything, and there is nothing to hide." Liang's "Wen Xin Diao Long Plays Qi": "Since the Han Dynasty, eight instruments have been set up to secretly play Yin and Yang, and the soap bag has sealed the board, so it is called sealing. Chao Cuo's books are cheap, so are future generations. They are more closed and more cautious. " Wang Qing Zhao Fang's general explanation of stylistics: "The seal is mainly based on the secrets of the past, and Ji Jun is a person." The source of Fang Wen's article: Shi Feng, the exclusive right to fight Huo Shi. Festivals under the Yuan and Ming Dynasties are rare.
A copy of the memorial. The throne of the Emperor of Heaven in the Han Dynasty has two letters, one is positive and the other is negative. It was abolished after Wei Xiang became an ancient scholar. Han Wei legend: "The story was written by two people, one of whom was the deputy, and the leader was the first person to sign the deputy seal. If you don't speak well, the screen will not be put down, and the story will be repeated because of Xu Bo to prevent it from being covered up. "
Illegal, that is, a bomb. Also known as "disintegration", "play" and "play" Wu Ming-na's "Distinguishing the Style of Articles": "Han Shu" said:' When I play, if the crime is disintegrated according to the law, the official will send it to the court, and the Qing will send it to the court. "Yes, in the name of disintegration, and it has been a long time." Interpretation of Style by Wang Qing Zhao Fang: "Those who were disintegrated broke the law, which is the so-called bomb. Play, play with pills, bang. If you break the law, you can take medicine. The genus of playing books is also. Under the Tang Dynasty, six books were saved and played for two days. If the Lord is guilty, raise the minister to the case and discuss the national law. "
[Playing Zagreb] The official document of the ancient ascended emperor. Zagreb is used to play historical events, while Zagreb is used to play events for the emperor. In the Tang dynasty, people who didn't show themselves when playing with things were called miscellaneous children. Song people are called miscellaneous children.
[Folding] The official documents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties went up. Qing Wu Zeng Qi's On Style: "Fold, fold also. Everything in the book is stacked on paper, which is easy to make progress, so it is called folding. " After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a discount. Those who went to see the emperor said it was a memorial, and those who went to see the chief said it was a hand fold. "
Affiliated building of Qing Dynasty Memorial Hall. Lin Qing prefaces "Yongchang Zhifu Zhang": "I don't want to take the liberty, I would like to attach a film."
"Playing Qi" is an ancient official document style, which became popular only after the Jin Dynasty. It is both a watch and a play. Opening plays the same role as stating political affairs. When thanking a knight, it functions as a watch. Liu Xie in the Southern Dynasties wrote "Wen Xin Diao Long Plays Qi": "Since the Jin Dynasty, it has been extremely prosperous, useful and played. Zheng Chen's words and deeds are different; Let the Lord thank you and show that you don't do it. "
[Refutation] One of the sparse forms. Han Caiyong arbitrarily said: "There are four people who wrote to the emperor: Chapter 1, Performance 2, Table 3, Refutation 4. ..... If there is any doubt, a meeting of officials and officials will be held. If Taige (Shangshu Province) is in the right place, those who disagree will refute it. " Qing Wang's Interpretation of Style: "Those who argue must seek truth from their arguments and abandon their impure. Shan Li said: If there is anything different in the theory of push-over hierarchy, no matter how advanced it is, it will be refuted. I retort that some officials and some people think so, calling me stupid and discussing differences. Li Chong said: Algae should not be the first to refute. The main reason is that the text is wrong, which is better than purity. " Wu Zengqi's On Style in the Qing Dynasty: "Refuting and arguing, managing right and wrong, can not be decided by one person's words, so there is refutation. Those who refute the cloud, go to their improper, and return. The Lord repeatedly heckled, and the song was as heavy as it was. The law of refutation began in the Han Dynasty, and since the Tang Dynasty, the official of Chinese calligraphy has also taken the main responsibility of refutation. "
[Chapter] The last chapter is the general name of Tian Zi's literature. Also known as "memorial", "writing chapter" and "chapter table". Han Caiyong's Arbitrariness: "There are four people who wrote to the emperor, one saying chapter, the other saying playing, the third saying table and the fourth saying refuting." Liang Liuxie's "Wen Xin Diao Zhang Long Biao": "The former Han Dynasty expressed its gratitude, and there were few words left. The tea bureau of the later Han dynasty must try to play the throne. " Song Ouyang Xiu's Ming Tombstone, the official of Taiwei Wen Gong Zheng: "Later, the historian compiled the True Genealogy, which won the imperial edict and was recommended by many officials."
[memorial] the floorboard of the emperor's copy. Including thinning, typing, expressing, writing, sealing, writing, countermeasures, stamping, opening and writing. Ren Liangfang's Preface to Wang Wenxian's Collection: "Play strategies and record words." In the Qing Dynasty, the Collection of Ancient Literary Words, Hundreds of Miscellaneous Notes on Classics and History, and Notes on the Ancient and Modern of Hanfenlou all set up commemorative categories.