Book Introduction

Xu xiake's travels

Xu Xiake's Travels is the earliest travelogue in China to record the geographical environment in detail, and it is also the earliest book in the world to record the karst landform in detail and study its causes. Xu Xiake never stopped traveling except for important events at home, and recorded in detail what he saw and heard on the way, which is a rare research material for geographers and archaeologists. Xu Xiake's Travels was first published in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642) to Zhu Benji in 1985. It has been published for 38 times and related research papers 139. Very impressive.

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Xu Xiake (1587— 164 1), whose real name is Hongzu (also known as Hongzu), whose real name is Zhenzhi, alias Xiake, is from Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Xu Xiake, a geographer and traveler in Ming Dynasty, is one of the great geographers in China history, and also a famous traveler and writer. In the 14th year of Wanli (lunar calendar 1586, AD +0 1587), he was born in Nanheqi Village (now Xiake Town), Jiangyin County, Nanzhili. At that time, Xu Xiake's hometown belonged to the economically developed area of "Southeast Blessed Land". Xu Xiake was born in a noble family and a scholarly family. His great-grandfather and grandfather used to have a false name, but by his father's generation, the Xu family had fallen into poverty. Xu Xiake's father, Xu Youmian, is indifferent to fame and fortune. He is not interested in official career, and he is not willing to make friends with people in officialdom. He prefers to live quietly and leisurely in the country. This also affected the young Xu Xiake to some extent. Xu xiake

As a child, Xu Xiake was gifted and had a strong memory. If you don't understand something, you should always get to the bottom of it. He doesn't have much interest in "Four Books and Five Classics" and eight-part essay, but he especially likes books on history, geography and exploring force of nature. At that time, such books were considered as small and formal leisure books and exotic books. He reads widely, including ancient and modern historical books, national local chronicles, national mountain and sea classics and so on. His brother Xu Zeng said that he was "sexually curious about books, but he didn't see any books among the guests, even if he had no money in his pocket, he took off his clothes and took them home. Now the building is full of boxes, and the children are better than the four libraries. " If you have money, you must buy books. You can sell clothes and buy books without money. Xu Xiake's love for "fantastic books" lies in its magic. After reading these books, he is more yearning for famous mountains such as Wuli. When Xu Xiake 19 years old, his father died. During the three-year mourning period, Xu Xiake came up with the idea of traveling. The virtuous mother also thought that a good man was ambitious in all directions. She didn't want his son to be tied in a place without knowledge and promise like a chicken in the fence and a pony on the shaft. He gave great support and encouragement to Xu Xiake's decision. Young Xu Xiake finally bid farewell to school life, broke free from the shackles of official career and fame and fortune, and began to realize his childhood dreams. He started traveling at the age of 22 and spent 34 years until the end of his life. It has traveled all over China, covering East China, North China, Central South and Southwest China, including Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Yunnan 16 provinces, covering Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Travel all over Mount Tai, Putuo, Tiantai, Yandang, Jiuhua, Huangshan, Wuyi, Lushan, Huashan, Wudang, Luofu, Panshan, Wutai, Lushan, Hengshan and Jiuyi Mountain; Visit Taihu Lake, Minjiang River, Yellow River, Fuchun, Minjiang River, Jiuli Lake, Qiantang River, Xiaoshui, Xiangshui, Yujiang River, Qianjiang River, Huangguoshu Waterfall, Panjiang River, Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake. Xu xiake

During the long journey, Xu Xiake walked forward most of the time in order to make an accurate and detailed investigation. Around Dai Yuefei, sleeping in the wind, he overcame all obstacles with tenacious fighting spirit, and kept a diary every day, no matter how tired and poor the conditions were. These travel diaries recorded his travel experiences, investigations and experiences, leaving valuable geographical information for future generations. Xu Xiake attached great importance to the research value of specimens. He collected Langmei in Wudang Mountain and other places. In Shangshan, we collected the local specialty-Trollius chinensis, which looks like chrysanthemum. Rare plants such as camellia have been collected in Wutai Mountain. "Stone Tree" collected on Agate Mountain; Branches and leaves of flowering trees were collected near butterfly spring. Xu Xiake has a fearless spirit for scientific research. He likes to be curious, which can be said to be "exploring when he smells strange things, and cutting off when he sees risks." Every time he meets strange landscapes such as ancient caves, famous temples, hot springs, cliff waterfalls, strange peaks, deep forests and secluded emperors, he ignores safety and just wants to see the true face of Lushan Mountain. He said in his own records: "The ancients will give their lives wherever they have not arrived. When they are ready to establish their own territory, they will become poor. " He risked his life to climb the cliff in order to see a cave in Yunnan. When I was in Chaling, Hunan, I broke into the legendary mysterious Mayer Cave alone. In Xianyan, Rongxian Town, Guangxi, in order to explore a time cave, Xu Xiake crossed a lying python and entered the cave. He also often struggles with superstition of ghosts and gods. First, there is a book on the first floor of Yunnan Province, A Brief Introduction to Jiming Mountain, which records the phenomenon of "lighting shadow" in Wutai Mountain, Emei Mountain and Jizu Mountain. This colorful aperture is usually regarded as "Buddha light" or "treasure light" by the society. Xu Xiake, on the other hand, explained the causes of this natural phenomenon from the perspective of topography and environment, refuted the superstitious preaching of corruption removal, which also showed his materialistic view of nature. His 600,000-word Travels of Xu Xiake, written after 30 years' investigation, opened up a new direction for geography to systematically observe and describe nature. It is not only a well-known survey work of geomorphology, geology and geography of the motherland, but also a tourism masterpiece depicting China's scenic resources, and it is also a literary masterpiece with beautiful words, which has far-reaching influence at home and abroad. In recent years, the world regards Xu Xiake as a saint.

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Xu xiake's travels

Xu Xiake started traveling at the age of 22 when he got married (1607), and traveled all over China 16 provinces until the year before his death (1640). 1607, he began to travel, and his mother made him a long-distance travel crown. He went boating on Taihu Lake in Wuxi and climbed Dongting Mountain, but his travel notes were gone. -1608 playing with my mother near my hometown. After his mother died, he kept filial piety for three years, thinking that "parents are here and don't travel far; 16 13, entered Zhejiang, took Ningbo alone from Cao 'e River, and traveled across the sea to Jiashan, where my travel notes were missing. March 30th is the first volume of travel notes, visiting Tiantai Mountain and Yandang Mountain. 16/kloc-in the winter of 0/4, I visited Jinling (Nanjing) and my travel notes disappeared. 16 16, You Baiyue, Huangshan, Wuyishan, Jiuquxi and Hangzhou West Lake; 16 17, the first wife died of illness and did not travel; 16 18, and then visit Huangshan and Lushan; Crossing Poyang Lake; Continue to marry mistresses at the end of the year; 16 19 years, the wife gave birth to a child and did not travel; 1620- 1922, visit jiuli lake in Xianyou, Fujian, and taste the Qiantang river tide; 1623, visited Songshan Mountain, Huashan Mountain and Taihe Mountain (Wudang Mountain), and started the second volume of travel notes. 1624, no travel notes, visiting Jingxi and Gouqu (in Zhejiang); 1625-1627, visit Luoyang; 1628, heading for Fujian; 1629 playing in Panshan, Jixian County, Tianjin, the travel notes have disappeared. 1630, went to Fujian again; 163 1 year, no travel; 1632 visited Tiantai Mountain and Yandang Mountain and went boating in Taihu Lake. 1633, Wutai Mountain and Hengshan Mountain in the upper reaches of the north; 1634-1635, the eldest daughter-in-law gave birth to a grandson, the second son got married, and there was no travel; From 1636 to 1640, I set sail in Zhejiang, from Zhejiang to Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, and didn't go home for four years. The third volume to 19 in my travel notes are all the travel notes of these four years, which are recorded every day and some of them are lost. The twentieth volume is his poem, written by others.

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In addition to Li, the compilation and spread of Xu Xiake's Travels also included Ji's youngest son, Xu Xiake's uncle (Xu Xiake's youngest son was born to Xu Xiake's concubine Zhou). After Zhou became pregnant, she changed her name to Li (also known as Li) because she "remarried Li". In addition, the collection, revision and supplement of travel notes by folk book collectors are also important factors for the preservation and spread of travel notes. In the political turmoil of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Ji's first collection of poems, Travel Notes, was reduced to ashes in the war. Since then, Ji has collected materials again and compiled a manuscript. Later, Xu Xiake's fellow traveler, Xu, gave the manuscript to a famous Confucian scholar in Changshu, so that the travel notes could be printed as soon as possible. Qian was a scholar in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, who worked in the official department and was a famous "master of the interior office" at that time. He is also a great bibliophile. He once spent a lot of money to buy ancient books, and built a crimson cloud building in Hongdu Mountain Villa with a collection of 10,000 books. Qian has contacts with Xu Xiake, knowing that Travels is a record of Xu Xiake's life "climbing the starry mountain with one hand and stepping on the lonely foot", and it is "the truth of the world, Dai Mengji and strange words, so don't pass it on improperly". Unfortunately, money, who is 80 years old, has a hard life. Especially his wanjuan building has just been destroyed by fire. Even the best travel notes are unconditionally treasured, let alone engraved. To this end, he had to turn to Mao, a well-known domestic publisher at that time, and wrote "Entrust Travel Notes", which was handed over to Mao Zijin together with the manuscript. Mao Zijin is also from Changshu. He loves ancient exhibitions, has a collection of more than 80,000 books, and specially built the Ji Gu Pavilion and Mugeng Building to collect them. We also hired scribes to sort out and print thirteen classics, seventeen histories, hundreds of ancient and modern schools and unprinted books. Of course, Travels should be a popular manuscript of Mao Zijin, but for some reason it was not carved into a book, but was given to Mo Shengsun of Dushan. Mo Ye is a bibliophile. He looks for different books. He has treasured his travel notes in his Yingshan Caotang for a long time, but he has never been able to engrave them. Later, the manuscript of travel notes was transferred to Xijiayetang Library in Nanxun Town, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. This was inadvertently acquired by Liu Chenggan, the landlord, when he bought ancient books from more than ten bibliophiles in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in order to expand his collection. Liu read the manuscript and thought it was rare, so he kept it in a bookstore by the Zhegu River. After the founding of New China, Liu Chenggan donated the bookstore to the country, and the travel manuscripts were also transferred to the Beijing Library. It was not until the 1970s that a group of "Xu Xue" researchers reorganized and published Xu Xiake's Travels, which lasted for more than 300 years and changed hands several times before it was discovered in the Rare Books Collection Department. This can't be said to be the credit of folk book collectors. In the process of long-term preservation and reproduction of travel notes, bibliophiles have done a lot of revision, addition, printing and publication. Today, there are two manuscripts of travel notes, which are collected in the Special Collection Department of Beijing Library. They are manuscripts that have been verified and enriched by bibliophiles. The first part is a travel manuscript copied and edited by Yang, a native of Jiangyin. Yang Weikang is a scholar, who served as Governor Yungui and former official minister. He also wrote books and compiled Zhouyi Eccentrism, Sex and Love, etc. In his prime, he was called to teach the Prince, who was a great scholar. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1707), he obtained the manuscript of Travel Notes from his uncle, copied it himself and wrote a preface. Later, I got the manuscripts collected by Zhao, Cai Naihuang from Panyu, Guangdong and Guangdong Academy. In the second year, Yang collated the manuscripts according to the original travel notes collected by friends in Jiangyin. After "determining its similarities and differences and measuring its shortcomings", correct all the fallacies in copying or those that are inconsistent with reality and meaning, and then copy another article and write a "preface" again. In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Xu Xiake's family Sun Xuzhen officially printed woodcut travel notes, which were based on Yang's manuscript. Therefore, Travels collated by Yang is an early manuscript with complete and accurate content and high academic value.

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There are many ancient place names, ancient national names and ancient historical sites involved in Xu Xiake's Travels, which are not common terms in life. Therefore, we not only annotate the uncommon words in the original text in detail, but also trace back some ancient place names in the original text, and accurately mark the geographical location of ancient place names in the annotation, which reduces the confusion and obstacles for ordinary readers to describe the geographical location in the reading process. It also gives readers an immersive feeling in the reading process. Finally, according to the style of the book, we choose exquisite and simple woodcuts with illustrations, or introduce the scenic spots in the book in general, or introduce the humanistic customs where Xu Xiake passed in the past. What is presented to readers is not only the enjoyment of words, but also the promotion of cultural and artistic beauty. Xu Xiake encountered many dangers during his journey, which went far beyond the scope of play, but was a thorough exploration and adventure. His persistence is called "Xu Xiake's spirit" by modern travelers, and Xu Xiake himself has become the object of admiration of travel enthusiasts who are full of adventure and exploration spirit. Xu Xiake's Travels is a precious geographical science report by geographers. For ordinary readers, it is more like a guidebook. The vast and distant scenery and majestic peaks in the book seem to urge us to take risks, have fun in climbing and seek true knowledge in exploration.

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Tiantai Mountain Diary Yanshan Diary Huangshan Diary Baiyue Mountain Diary Wuyishan Diary Lushan Diary Jiulihu Diary Songshan Diary Taihuashan Diary Fujian Diary Tiantai Mountain Diary Yanshan Diary Wutai Mountain Diary Hengshan Diary Guizhou Diary Taihuashan Diary Yunnan Diary Panjiang Yongchang Examination, Lijiang Jilve The origin of the French king dates back to Jiang Jiyuan.

The main achievements of editing this paragraph

Xu xiake's travels

The important achievements in geography are: (1) the distribution of karst areas and the differences between different areas, especially the characteristics, types and causes of karst caves, which have been investigated in detail and described scientifically. In China's Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces alone, he personally explored more than 270 caves and roughly recorded their directions, heights, widths and depths. The causes are discussed, and it is pointed out that some caves are caused by mechanical erosion of water, and stalactites are gradually condensed after evaporation of calcium-containing water droplets. He is an outstanding pioneer in extensively investigating karst landforms in China and the world. (2) Corrected some mistakes about the origin of China waterway in the literature. If we deny the old saying that "Minshan guides the river" that has been circulating for more than 65,438+0,000 years since Shangshu Gong Yu, we are sure that Jinsha River is the source of the Yangtze River. It is correctly pointed out that the river bank is curved or the scouring near the rock bank is severe, and the slope of the river bed is proportional to the scouring force. There are also scientific explanations for the occurrence of fountains and the formation of undercurrents. (3) Observed and recorded many ecological varieties of plants, and clearly put forward various influences of topography, air temperature and wind speed on plant distribution and flowering time. (4) Investigated the volcanic remains of Daying Mountain in Tengchong, Yunnan, and scientifically recorded and explained the structure and origin of the red pumice spewed by the volcano; The detailed description of geothermal phenomenon is also the earliest in China. There are also many wonderful descriptions of human geography, including economy, transportation, urban settlements, ethnic minorities and local cultural relics. He surpassed his predecessors' contributions in the history of paleogeography in China, especially his detailed description and exploration of karst landforms, which was at an advanced level in the world at that time. Xu Xiake (1587 65438+10.5-16465438+3.8) was born in Jiangyin (now Jiangyin, Jiangsu), Zhili, South China. Great geographers, travelers and explorers. In the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), on the 19th day of the first month, it took 55 days to enter Hunan from Jiangxi and Hengdong from Youxian. He visited the counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Hengyang City, such as Hengdong, Hengshan, Nanyue, Hengyang, Hengnan, Changning, Qidong and Leiyang, and finally entered Hengzhou Prefecture to appreciate the beauty of Hengzhou territory. His detailed account of Shigu Mountain and Shigu Academy provided precious historical materials for future generations to repair Shigu Academy.

The literary features of editing this paragraph.

The main characteristics of literature are: (1) writing landscape notes, integrating knowledge and practice, and having a strong sense of real life; (2) writing landscapes, striving for accuracy, often using dynamic description or personification techniques, far more nuanced than previous travel notes; (3) Rich vocabulary and sensitive creation; Never stick to the old ways and stick to the rules; (4) When writing scenes, pay attention to lyricism, the emotion in the scene and the blending of scenes, and pay attention to expressing people's subjective feelings; (5) Through rich description means, travel notes show high artistry and have lasting aesthetic value. In addition, people's life, customs and human feelings, the settlement and distribution of ethnic minorities, wars and mergers between chieftains are often taken into account. Most of them have no official records and have certain historical and ethnological value. Xu Xiake's travel notes are praised by later generations as "the world's original works, Dai Mengji, and wonderful books".

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Mr. Shack browsed all the notes. There are true words, Daimonji and strange words in this world, which should not be passed down. My dear friend, it is urgent to compile them, and those who get good things will be awarded catalpa, which is not only the spirit of Shaq, but also the book. -Qian recalled that when he was sixteen or seventeen years old, he read celebrity books, deeply admired Xu Xiake, and vowed to visit famous mountains and rivers. -Zhang Henshui's preface to "Golden Powder Family" Xu Xiake's Travels does not read like something written by scholars in the seventeenth century, but more like an investigation record written by field surveyors in the twentieth century. ..... The earliest book to record limestone landforms in the world is Xu Xiake's Travels by Xu Hongzu, a geographer in Ming Dynasty. He was one hundred years earlier than Esbert, the first European country to investigate and describe lime landforms, and more than two hundred years earlier than Naumann, the first European country to systematically classify lime. -(British) scientist Joseph Needham's History of Science and Technology in China was informed at the press conference of "China Tourism Day" held by China National Tourism Administration on April 1 1 day, and it was determined that May 19/day of each year will be held from April 201day (Xu

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Xu xiake's travels

Xu Xiake's travel notes are beautiful, picturesque and full. As soon as the Four Treasures of Manchu Dynasty came out, ancient books died. Among them, Diary of You Hengshan embodies the style characteristics of Xu Xiake's travel notes. Written on August 12th, the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), the original text describes what I saw and heard when I visited Beiyue on the first day 10 and12. The current textbook deletes the contents of the tour on the tenth day of the first day of junior high school, and also deletes the description of the triple mountain at the foot of Beiyue Mountain and the legendary story of Feitian Grottoes in the eleventh diary tour. A glimpse of the whole leopard. According to the tour process, Diary of You Hengshan gradually deepened, adding details with vivid images and extremely economical pen and ink, and truly showing the panorama of Beiyue. There are three basic requirements for writing travel notes: first, the narrative is orderly and the position cannot be wrong; Second, the object has a god, and the characteristics cannot be ignored; Third, the style of writing has changed, and it is impossible to follow suit. In the diary of Hengshan Mountain, the author describes the whole journey step by step with all-round and multi-angle observation. With unique generalization, it vividly describes the scenery characteristics of each scenic spot; The narrative content is perfectly expressed in concise, vivid and rhythmic language. At the beginning of the article, after describing the climate environment of "clear wind, clear waves and clear water", it points out the direction of climbing-"facing east", and describes the first geomorphological features, such as "shallow ground and shallow hills" and the feeling that climbing at first is "unattainable". Then, write down what you see and feel about rock climbing, step by step and fascinating. On the way to mountain climbing and sightseeing, mark the scenic spots according to the mileage, and briefly and accurately outline the characteristics of the scenery or terrain. "A mile north", "The mountains are full of coal" and superficial "available". This is not only a geomorphological feature, but also the result of scientific investigation. "Another mile" is "Wang Xianting", "Earth and stone are all red, pine and cypress are separated". The unique geological features form the unique landscape here. "You Li San", "Famous in the Tiger's Mouth" and "The cliff stone rises gradually, and the pine shadow screens the trees". Since then, the steep terrain features of Beiyue have gradually emerged. "Li San" means liberation, the first mountain in the north, and "the official kitchen is complete." Obviously, this is a resting place for tourists who have boarded Vietnam in the past. Along the "square right" to the east, bedroom, Feitian Grottoes and Beiyue Hall appear in turn. Beiyue Temple is a famous scenic spot, which is characterized by "cliffs on the top, official towers on the bottom, clouds inserted into the sky and domes erected". Here, we can not only see the ingenuity of the ancients in opening up the cross-border passage, but also appreciate the artistic treasures left by literati in past dynasties. On the right side of the temple, "Hui Sendai" and "Grottoes are rooms surrounded by immortals" show the mysterious atmosphere of Taoist holy places. Bypassing Yuedian East Road, walk "Erli" along "Cifeng Road" to "Dangerous Cliff", but you see "the bush is dense and the bamboo is withered", which is a lonely scene. What you saw on the mountain, according to this view, the landscape is charming and the characteristics are outstanding. While writing the scenery, the author skillfully interspersed and described the feelings of climbing. Beiyue is towering, from Hufengkou to Huixian, "the stone road is lingering", and visitors will "climb steep along the cliff". Obviously, it is difficult to climb the mountain. From Yue Diandong to the top, crossing a cliff and making a detour, tourists have to "undress and climb", and the journey is difficult and tiring, which makes readers feel ashamed. On the steep cliff, "it's still half a day to look up at the top", and people who are not heroic will inevitably forget and be afraid, so they stop. The mountain is full of thorns, which are "difficult to get rid of", making people unable to make it, and it is annoying. Without perseverance, you will fall short. Only by "going forward bravely" can we climb to the top and appreciate the realm that "other mountains are dwarfed under the sky". . What you see and feel, what you feel and see, and superb expression skills have produced artistic effects that complement each other. Xu Wen Xia ke

This chapter focuses on Ding Yue's point of view. Just like panoramic photography, the author describes the bird's eye view of Ding Yue through the orientation and distance of space. Looking to the north, "cliffs and dense trees", the mountains are steep and the trees are cracked, and the wonder of Mount Heng is vividly displayed in the author's pen. The keen eyes of geographers have captured the unique geomorphological features of Hengshan Mountain: "There are no trees in the earth mountain, but there are stones in the stone mountain", because "all the stones are north", so "all the trees are north". Looking to the north, the foothills are Hunyuanfu, and a little farther away is "there is no way to doubt the mountains and rivers." From near to far, the reader's eyes extend from Hengshan Mountain to infinite space according to the author's writing. Looking south, Longquan is like a curtain, looking west, five tall and straight, two beautiful mountains, accompanied by Beiyue. Looking closely, Longshan spans the west, and its branch peaks extend eastward, connecting with Hengshan Mountain, which looks like "shoulder to shoulder, bordering the desert". The magical similarity and contrast method fully shows the majestic and dangerous topographic features of Beiyue. Overlooking from a height, looking in all directions, taking Ding Yue as the base point, the observation coordinate system is established from a macro perspective. The author's works show the natural features of Hengshan Mountain and the fantastic power reflected by many mountain systems, without clouds, shadows and illusions. The plain and true description reflects the author's attitude of advocating science and respecting nature. At the end of the article, it is wonderful to describe what you saw down the mountain and take care of the last article. Looking for the way up the mountain from Xifeng is dazzling and daunting. Beiyue is high and steep, so it is not easy to take care of the previous mountaineering to reproduce a sum of money here. The mountain is high and the road is dangerous, so it is difficult to get off. Suddenly I met someone who knew the path in the mountains. After pointing it out, I saw the high cliff behind the bedroom from the southeast pine and cypress, so I got the way. Walking south through the pine forest, you can see that its trees are extremely tall. From Ding Yue's point of view, it is "like a garlic leaf and a grass stalk", but who knows that it is "folded into the sky", which is many times larger than the tree in Hufengkou. Giant trees are hidden in the deep mountains, and the forestry resources of Beiyue are recorded by the author. Going straight down from the gap of the cliff to Feitian Grottoes, the author ended his arduous and fruitful trip to the summit. It is difficult to climb a mountain, and it is also difficult to go down a mountain. The episode of not knowing the path makes the article interesting and marvels at the danger of Beiyue. Although plain and not exaggerated, Xuan Yin is hidden between the lines, which makes people lament. The reason why strange prose is pleasing to the eye lies in the accurate and vivid words besides the structure of all-round and multi-angle narration. The article uses four-word phrases, which are vivid, descriptive and rhythmic. Beautiful scenery, beautiful structure and beautiful language. The author seldom chooses ready-made words, but expresses and describes them with his own unique and wise word formation according to his own personal opinions, forming a unique style. The results of scientific investigation and exploration are recorded in perfect language. Xu Hongzu combines the talents of scientists and writers and has made contributions to the scientific exploration of geography and geology.

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Twelve volumes of Xu Xiake's Travels (collected by the Governor of Liangjiang), written by Xu Hongzu in Ming Dynasty. Hongzu, a native of Jiangyin, is also known as Xiake. Less exotic, travel at the age of 30, take a quilt and cross the beautiful mountains and rivers in the southeast of China. From Wu, Yue, Fujian and Chu, I went to the north, Shandong, Yan, Ji, Song and Luo, and returned to Huashan. I returned to Guangdong from Fujian and visited Hengshan Mountain from the south. He crossed the Dadu River in the south and found the Jinsha River in Liya, and the Panjiang River in the north. Thousands of miles go to Shimenguan, and poor stars return home. All you do is travel by writing and ambition. After the manuscript was exhausted, his friend Ji got it, but he lost more. Yixing stone also has manuscripts, and the mistakes and differences are particularly serious. This was re-edited by Yang Ming. The first volume comes from Tiantai, Yandang, Wutai, Heng and Hua, each with one article. The second volume consists of 25 travel notes of southwest China. The first one is from Jiangxi, Zhejiang, the second one is from Huguang, the second one is from Guangxi, the second one is from Guizhou, the second one is from Yunnan, and the last one is missing. Since ancient times, osawa's famous mountains have been the first to worship, but they have been sealed by their appearance, which is unheard of as a scenic spot. After catching up with the afternoon, tourism began to flourish. The literati of the Six Dynasties all took the initiative to hold it. In the annals of history, if Xie Lingyun's "Famous Mountain Residence" and "Famous Mountain Tour" are countless, they are all one episode. Hongzu is eccentric and deliberately travels far. He has a keen search and is especially good at copying. Travel notes are nothing more than fiction. Although the footprints have passed, I have never been interested in writing. However, with eyes and ears, knowledge is more accurate. Moreover, Guizhou and Yunnan are far away, and there are many sparse records. This book is set on the background of mountains and rivers, and it is particularly valuable for textual research. It is also a different ride from the mountain classics, surpassing the record. Learning geography together is not useless. -right "geography" travel notes, three parts and fifteen volumes, all written by Wen Yuange.