Portrait of Guan Yu
Guan Yu was originally named immortal, and later changed to Yunchang. In his early years, he fled his hometown to Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) because of crimes.
In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), Liu Bei, a relative of the Han clan, organized a volunteer army in Zhuoxian to fight against the Yellow Scarf Army, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. After Liu Bei was transferred to many official posts, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan, and was named the country of the plains. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as other horses and enfeoffed different departments. Three people are brothers and often sleep in the same bed. After Liu Bei was seated, Guan and Zhang took good care of him. [2]
In the first year of Xingping (194), Cao Cao was angry at Tao Qian because Cao Song was killed, so he sent troops to attack Xuzhou. Tao Qian asked Liu Bei for help, and Liu Bei and Guan Yu led thousands of people to come to the rescue. Cao Caobing retired, Tao Qianli Liu Bei was the secretariat of Yuzhou, and Guan Yu and Liu Bei stationed troops for Xiao Pei. So, under the repeated compromise of Tao Qian and others, Liu Bei led Xuzhou Pastoral.
In the first year of Jian 'an (196), Liu Bei was attacked by Yuan Shu and Lu Bu and lost to Xuzhou. Guan Yu followed Liu Bei to Cao Cao. Later, when hunting with Cao Tian, Guan Yu advised Liu Bei to kill Cao Cao, but Liu Bei thought that Cao Cao at that time was trying to help the Han Dynasty, and felt it was a pity to kill him, so he refused. [3]
In the third year of Jian 'an (198), Liu Bei and Cao Cao captured Lu Bu in Xiapi and captured Xuzhou. Guan Yu and Liu Bei followed Cao Cao's troops back to Xuchang, and Cao Cao appointed Che Zhou as the secretariat of Xuzhou. Later, Yuan Shu went north to Yuan Shao, and Liu Bei was ordered by Cao Cao to intercept Yuan Shu in Xuzhou. Liu Bei took the opportunity to attack and kill Che Zhou, ordered Guan Yu to keep Pi (now Gupi Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province) and served as the prefect, while Liu Bei returned to Xiaopei (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province). [4]
Attack Yan Liang.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Zhong Wang to attack Liu Bei and was defeated by Liu Bei. Cao Cao went to dispatch troops personally, Liu Bei was defeated and fled to Yuan Shao, and Guan Yu was captured alive and had to surrender. Cao Cao received courtesy and was appointed as a partial general. Yuan Shaopa sent generals Yan Liang, Wen Chou and Guo Tu to Baima to attack Ada, the satrap of Dongjun. Cao Cao personally led the army to rescue, and appointed Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers. Seeing that Yan Liang was unstoppable, Guan Yu rode to kill, beheaded Yan Liang and went home. No one can stop the generals in Yuan Jun, and the siege of the White Horse has been solved. Guan Yu was named the Pavilion Hou of Hanshou. [5]
At that time, in order to know whether Guan Yu had any plans to stay for a long time, Cao Cao asked Zhang Liao to test him with human feelings. Guan Yu sighed to Zhang Liao: "I know Tsao Gong's deep love for me, but I was sworn by General Liu Bei's great kindness to die together. I can't turn my back. I won't stay until the end, until I have made contributions to Tsao Gong. " Zhang Liao made it clear to Cao Cao that Cao Cao knew that Guan Yu would go, but he rewarded him and wanted to keep him. But Guan Yu sealed Cao Cao's reward, left a book and returned to Liu Bei. Cao Cao wanted to chase it, but Cao Cao thought it was his master who stopped it. Folk culture calls this story "riding a thousand miles alone". [6]
Guard Jingzhou
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Liu Bei took refuge in Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Cao Cao led a great army south, and Liu Beinan fled, sending Guan Yu to meet him in Jiangling (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province) by hundreds of ships, but Liu Bei was chased by Cao Cao Jun to Dangyang (now Yichang, Hubei Province) on the way. Fortunately, Guan Yu took a boat to Hanjin (now Jingmen, Hubei) and took a boat to Xiakou (now Wuhan, Hubei). [7]
After Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao, Cao Cao left Cao Ren and others to defend Jingzhou, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan's general Zhou Yu attacked Cao Ren and ordered Guan Yu to break Cao Ren's back road. When Liu Bei obtained the four counties of Jingnan (Changsha, Lingling, Wuling and Guiyang), he worshipped Guan Yu as the founding father and was appointed as the magistrate and general of Xiangyang. At this time, Xiangyang was actually Cao Cao's sphere of influence and was stationed by Lejin, so Guan Yu was stationed in Jiangbei. [8] During this period, Guan Yu rebuilt Jiangling City. [9]
Wang Guoxin Guanhui Palace
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Liu Bei went to Shu to help Liu Zhang defend Zhang Lu, and Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu besieged Jingzhou.
In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang. When attacking Luocheng (now Guanghan, Sichuan), strategist Pang Tong was killed. Liu Bei called Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang to Sichuan for support, leaving Guan Yu in Jingzhou. After Liu Bei pacified Shu, Guan Yu was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, and [10] authorized him to take charge of the parts controlled by Liu Bei in Jingzhou, including four counties in the south of Jingzhou and Jiangling, a southern county government borrowed from Soochow, and the nearby public security. Guan Yu actually guarded five counties in Jingzhou (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Wuling and Guiyang).
Guan Yu heard that Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei. He never knew Ma Chao before, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and asked who Ma Chao's martial function was compared with. Zhuge Liang knew that Guan Yu was arrogant and ambitious, so he wrote back and said, "Ma Mengqi (Ma Chao) is an outstanding figure with both civil and military skills. He is the same as Ying Bu and Peng Yue. He can keep pace with Zhang Fei, but he is not as outstanding as Beard. " Guan Yu has a beautiful long beard, so Zhuge Liang called him a beard. Guan Yu was very happy to read Zhuge Liang's reply and handed it to the guest's staff for circulation.
Guan Yu was shot by a flowing arrow, which penetrated his left arm. Later, although the wound healed, his arm bone often hurt in rainy days. The doctor said, "this arrow is poisonous, and its poison has penetrated into the bone." It is necessary to re-operate the arm and scrape off the toxins on the arm bones in order to completely get rid of this patient. " Guan Yu immediately stretched out his arm and asked the doctor to operate on him. At that time, Guan Yu was inviting people to drink and eat, and the knife on his arm was dripping with blood and filled the plate below, while Guan Yu was cutting meat and drinking, talking and laughing with everyone.
In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Sun Quan knew that Liu Bei had won Yizhou and hoped to get Jingzhou back. Liu Bei said, "If you get Liangzhou, you will return it to Jingzhou." Sun Quan was furious and sent Lu Su to beg for Jingzhou. The two generals, Sun and Liu, held a "one-knife meeting" in front of the battle line, argued and argued, and finally broke up in discord. Sun Quan ordered Monroe to prepare to attack the south of Jingzhou, Lu Su sent more than 10,000 troops to Yiyang to contain Guan Yu, and Liu Bei led troops from Yizhou to help. When Guan Yu claimed to have 30,000 troops, he chose 5,000 elite soldiers to cross the river from the upper reaches. Wujiang Ganning led 1000 people to enter. Guan Yu learned that he didn't cross the river and camped on the other side of the river. This place was later called "Guan Yu Sai". At this time, Cao Cao made progress in Zhang Lu and Hanzhong, and Liu Bei quickly made peace with Sun Quan and agreed to divide Jingzhou equally, that is, Jiangxia County, Changsha County and Guiyang County of Jingzhou belonged to Sun Quan, and Nanjun County, Lingling County and Wuling County of Jingzhou belonged to Liu Bei. This is the famous Hunan water boundary in the history of the Three Kingdoms. [ 1 1]