Fuzhou is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. The sea level change since the late Pleistocene has a great influence on Fuzhou, so before talking about geographical feng shui, let's talk about the sea level in Fuzhou first. 35,000 years ago, the ancient sea level was -50 meters; From 29000 to 28000 years ago, the ancient sea level was-1 10 ~- 100 meters deep; From 28,000 to 25,000 years ago, the sea level rose to -90 meters; From 25,000 to 23,500 years ago, the sea level dropped to-100 meter. From 23,000 to 20,500 years ago, the ancient sea level was at-130 ~-140m; From 18000 years ago, the sea level dropped sharply, reaching the lowest point-150 ~-160m before 15000 years ago. Most of the continental shelf in the East China Sea of China is dehydrated and exposed on the sea surface, and the mainland extends eastward for hundreds of kilometers. Taiwan Province Province and its islands are connected with the mainland. From 15000, the sea surface began to rise, and there were several pauses in the process of rising, forming several underwater terraces; 14,440 years ago, the sea level rose to-1 15 meters; 14000 years ago rose to-100 meters; It will rise to -50 ~-60 meters before 12000; 1 1300 years, rising to-18 meters. The seawater has affected the Minjiang Estuary, when the Minjiang River basin was lower than it is now 15 ~ 20m.
8000 years ago, the sea level was about -5 meters; During 7000 ~ 6000 years, the sea surface reached its present height; During 6000 ~ 5000 years, the sea level rose to the maximum height, 3 ~ 4 meters higher than the current sea level, and Fuzhou Basin became a bay. From about 2600 years ago, the sea level gradually decreased until today's position. This kind of transgression is called "Changle transgression", and a silt layer with a thickness of several meters to more than ten meters is deposited in the basin. There are many place names named after "Yu" in Fuzhou Basin, such as,,,, Nanyu, Panyu and Guoyu. And Beiqiu, a sugarcane mountain, also proves this historical fact.
According to archaeological research, from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the early Han Dynasty, Fuzhou was still an inland sea and swamp, and Pingshan, Wu Shan and Yushan were islands. The so-called Yushan is named after a branch of Yue moved here. If time can go back, Fuzhou at that time can probably be described as "Fuzhou Bay", just like Meizhou Bay and Luoyuan Bay today. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty (about 770 years ago), Fujian people had been active in the hills and valleys of central Fuzhou (now Jixiang Mountain in Taijiang District). Unfortunately, Auspicious Mountain at that time was only an island in Fuzhou Bay, so small that it might even be often submerged by the flood peak of Minjiang River, and it could not be the settlement of our ancestors.
On the contrary, the northern part of "Fuzhou Bay" and Xianxindian area are flat plateaus, where the terrain became the first stop for ancestors to settle down and laid the first cornerstone of Fuzhou City. According to the investigation, the site of the ancient city built by the ancestors of Fujian and Vietnam is located from the south side of the ancient city mountain under Lotus Peak in Xindian to the north side of Chibian Village, sandwiched between the rock flow on the shore of Bayi Reservoir and the semi-top flow on the shore of Banding Reservoir. Now the villas near there are Cuihu Villa and Gucheng Villa on the other side of the reservoir. The site of the ancient city is located at150m east of Fu Fei Road. From today's perspective, it is at most the size of a cottage. Of course, it does not produce popular "cottage machines".
Gucheng Village is located in Xindian Township, a suburb of Fuzhou, about 5 kilometers away from downtown Fuzhou. The city site is rectangular, with east longitude 10 degrees to the south, long from north to south and narrow from east to west. The east, west and north walls are still there, and the south wall has been leveled. The city is 365,438+00 meters wide and about 600 meters long. The identifiable wall fragments are 275m in total, with a wall thickness of 1 0.5m and a height of about1m.. The city wall is a rammed earth building, brown, sticky and hard. In the early 1950s, some city walls were more than one person high. Later, they were gradually destroyed because of building houses and leveling the land. In the 1970s, after the land was leveled, local people also unearthed a batch of cloth tiles. Locals call the inside of the city wall "inside the ancient city", the outside of the Xicheng site "outside the ancient city" and a piece of flat land on the southeast side of the city east "school field". More than 200 meters north of the city site, there is a hill with an altitude of 128.9 meters, which is called "Gucheng Mountain". 1988 65438+ 10, a Han dynasty checkered hard pottery jar was unearthed on the hillside near the ancient city at the southern foot of the ancient city mountain. The site was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Fuzhou suburbs on 1986.
Xindian site has undergone many archaeological excavations since June 1996+00, and many cultural relics excavated can prove that the ancient city is still the earliest city discovered in Fujian Province. This area can be regarded as the leader of Fuzhou's development. In the thirty-fifth year of Wang Xian in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (334 BC), the King of Yue (grandson of Gou Jian VI) was defeated by Chu Weiwang, and the State of Yue collapsed. His descendants and subjects scattered in the southeast, some of them entered Fujian, and gradually merged with the indigenous Fujian people to form the Fujian-Guangdong ethnic group. This migration has undoubtedly promoted the development of the ancient city of Fuzhou, such as smelting technology, which is naturally beneficial to agricultural development.
With the change of the earth's crust, the erosion and deposition of surrounding mountain mud and mountain torrents, and the sediment deposition brought by the Minjiang River, the land in the urban area gradually formed. The borderless territory of Yue King also spread to Wu Zhu, who first became the king of Fujian and Yue, and was later abolished as a monarch in the Qin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), Wu Zhu was restored as the king of Fujian and Yue by Emperor Gaozu. It is speculated that the development of the old site of the ancient city at that time was extremely slow, probably because of the cold north wind or the threat of mud stones and flash floods in the surrounding mountainous areas. The so-called "trees move to death, people move to life" is no exception. He built a city capital in Yeshan at the southern foot of Jinping, which is the starting point of Fuzhou city wall.
There is a densely forested Wangyue Mountain in the north of Yecheng, which is also called Pingshan because it blocks the cold in the north like a screen. Its eastern foot is Yeshan, also known as Quanshan, which is a hill. Surrounded by mountains and water, hundreds of springs gather in the pool. It is said that Ou Yezi casts swords here, so it is called Ouyechi. The surface of the pool is more than ten miles, surrounded by lush forests and fertile land, which can not only prevent floods, but also irrigate the surrounding fields. The specific orientation of Yecheng is roughly from the east intersection of Gu Ping Road and Hudong Road in the south, to Pingshan in the north, with Ou leafpool as the center and surrounded by mountains. Seven Stars Well in the east is relatively flat and fertile and can be cultivated. After the establishment of Yecheng, Fujian and Vietnam banned cutting wood in Pingshan to maintain the water source of trees and make Pingshan a treasure house of Yecheng. From today's point of view, Yecheng is probably similar to "Liangshan Mountain in Shui Bo", and without it, it can be regarded as "mountain is king". At the same time, he also accepted the "wooing" of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, and later Song Jiang gave it to "piracy".
According to "Du Minji", "In the five years of Emperor Gaozu, nothing was named the king of Fujian and Vietnam, which was all right." . Because it is located near Yeshan, it is named Yecheng. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the area of the capital of feudal princes was limited: "The largest is only 300 pheasants" (that is, it is only 900 feet around). In Qing Dynasty, Guo Baicang wrote "Jiagong Caotang Collection": "According to legend, in the Han Dynasty, Hainan Airlines was outside the Pearl Gate", and the south of Yecheng was a flooded area, so the old city was a small earthen city, mainly inhabited by royal officials and soldiers. This ancient city, according to the records of Sanshan: "Fujian is an ancient city, and this government governs the north 250 steps." Zheng De's Fuzhou Mansion Records: "Governing the Northeast is 250 steps in this mansion." Du Minji: "Yiye Mountain is located in the southwest of Gong Yuan, an ancient city in Fujian and Vietnam." Brief Introduction to Rongcheng Archaeology: "According to various accounts, it should be in the south of Gushan Mountain and the north of Chenghuang Temple", namely Gu Ping Road and Qiantang Lane Provincial Finance Department. 1989 The cliff stone carving of "Yeshan Historic Site" was found next to No.21No.22, Chengzhi Street, Gulou District. During the period of 1990, tiles, tiles and pipes of the Han Dynasty were found on Gu Ping Road, and sites and relics of the Han Dynasty were found in Seven Stars Well area. To sum up, the contents recorded in Rongcheng Archaeological Outline are confirmed.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Satya hoped that there was a poem "Wang Yueshan" as evidence: "Betty Wong's old country is surrounded by mountains, and the clouds are still in Tiger and Leopard Pass. Bronze beasts crow with the autumn dew, and sea crows carry the sunset. A man of the moment, a hero of the ages. The partridge crows more urgently at dusk, and the wild bamboo is full of rain. Although this poem is full of nostalgia and sadness, it objectively describes that predecessors attached importance to urban geomantic omen and made urban residents have a good ecological environment. Of course, the Fuzhou basin has not yet formed. From now on, Fuzhou is just a fishing village. This "fishing village" is the embryonic form of Fuzhou today, just like the original Shenzhen fishing village, but the speed of construction in Shenzhen has made it less historical.
Since then, the wall of Fuzhou has been moved and expanded five times since Hanye City, namely Hanye City, Jinzi City, Luotang City, Five Dynasties Jiacheng and Song and Yuan Outer Cities. Our ancestors have attached great importance to planning and geomantic omen in urban construction since ancient times. Since the Han Dynasty, Yecheng has been built at the southern foot of Pingshan, facing south and eating southern Feng Shui. Back to Pingshan, left to Gushan, right to Qishan, rely on it; In the face of three horizontal cases (Jixiang Mountain, Gaogai Mountain and Wuhu Mountain), it is in charge of the vitality of all people. We have reason to say that this is an urban central axis carefully designed by leaders and builders of past dynasties, which is today's Bayi Road, from which we can also see the "ins and outs" of Fuzhou.
This central axis starts from Pingshan, passes through Gu Ping Road, Dongjiekou Scenic Resort Scenic Area, South Street, Nanmendou, Chating Street, Yangtoukou and Zhong Ting Street, and actually runs through the whole urban development track of Fuzhou. This form of victory has remained unchanged for more than 2,200 years, and even though many new lines have been added in modern times, it cannot be separated from this situation.
After the city was built in this geomantic treasure-house, Fujian and Vietnam developed rapidly. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang Ying, the king of Fujian and Vietnam, surrounded Dongou with great national strength, attacked the South China Sea and expanded to the northeast and southwest, which seriously threatened the centralized rule of the Han Dynasty. Twenty years later, Yushan, the king of Dongyue, fought against Han. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to counter the rebellion, destroyed Fujian and Vietnam, demolished the smelting city and moved residents to the Central Plains. The ancient city of Fuzhou was once deserted.
After 400 years of silence, in the first year of Jin Taikang (280), Sima Yan added Jin 'an County in Jian 'an County, which is equivalent to the present southeast coastal area of Fujian. In the third year of Taikang, Gao Yan was appointed as the governor of Jinan. When Gao Yan arrived, he found that the old city was too small to gather enough people, so he set out to choose a new location. He originally planned to build the new town in the daytime, but he didn't expect it to face south, so he asked Guo Pu, a famous geographical geomancer, for advice with topographic maps. Guo Pu pointed to the small mound in the south of the old city and said, "This is Yicheng, which only flourished in the last 500 years."
According to Song Liang Hakka's "Three Mountains Records", "Jin Taikang ruled the county for three years (in 282), and ordered him to strictly govern the old city and appealed to the descendants of the former dynasty. There weren't enough people gathered, so we moved to Daytime, not to the south, but to Guo Pu. Pointing to its hill, he said, "This is Yicheng, and it will prosper in the next 500 years." So I moved. Wang Ming Yingshan's Du Min Ji says: "Fujian has been a city since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the time has never been long. In the three years of Jin Taikang, the county was ruled by trees and the city was ruled by narrowness. The satrap's strict inquiry began in Guo Pu and began in Shan Zhinan, the king of Yue. " Feng's "Archaeology of Rongcheng" contains: "Before Sima Yan ruled the county, he spent three years in Taikang. Strictly abide by the rules and regulations of Yecheng, and suspect that moving to the daytime is going south (suspected to be a mistake of "not going south"). Is to ask Guo Pu for advice. Pu refers to a small hill, which moved from Chanzhi, the King of Yue, to Zicheng, and remained there from the Jin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties. " All of the above are said that when Gao moved to Zicheng, he consulted Guo Pu.
Guo Pu is a real person. He is a famous person in history. Among the numerous materials about Guo Pu, Cihai 1989 is concise and authoritative. "Ci Hai" contains: "Guo Pu (276-324) was a writer and exegetist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word Jingchun Hedong Wenxi (now Shanxi) people. Knowledgeable, good at ancient Chinese characters and variant forms, and fond of yin and yang divination. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he became Zuo Lang, and later Wang Dunren joined the army as a clerk. Dun wanted to rebel and ordered him to predict. Pu said that he would fail and be killed by Dun. Wang Dunping, posthumously awarded to Governor Hongnong. Good at poetry and fu. Today's Biography of Guo Hongnong was compiled by the Ming people. " According to these records, Guo Pu is still a tough guy, and his character is commendable. He bluntly said that Wang Dun's rebellion would fail, which aroused Wang Dun's dissatisfaction. Wang Dun asked him: "Qing Shou Geometry?" Answer: "I will die today." He knew that Wang Dun was going to kill him soon, but he still didn't change his mind, and he was only 48 years old.
Gao Xiaoyun's "Gao Yan and Ji Guo" in "Eight Min Xin Ji" is more specific: "Guo Pu is good at classics and has a lot of knowledge, but he has a stuttering problem. He talks about AI Ai, but writes a thousand words. Ci Fu is the crown of the revival of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with Fu Jiang and Nanjiao Fu being the most famous. He highly praised the beauty of Jiangnan scenery ... "This shows that. Therefore, he is qualified to see Feng Shui for Fuzhou City.
Where are the daytime mentioned above? "Changle Liu Lizhi" explains that Baitian Mountain is located in Qinrenli, Min County, that is, the county where Jinxian County strictly wants to move. Native plantain grass can be cloth. The pit is called banana pit, and the stream is called banana stream. According to Du Minji, Baitiandu is at the foot of Baitian Mountain, and there is a Majiang on the left, named Tongjiang. The tide passes through Longmen, Kengtian, Langwei, Du Dong and Baitian, and is connected with Jiaoxi and Daxi. There are many villages between the mountains and the daytime, which are called Baitian Village. Baitian village, commonly known as "Baitian", is still circulated orally, but it is obviously an elegant territorial name when it is written as "Yutian". Changle Liu Lizhi has a record that "Yutian is a white field", which is evidence. Yutian Village, where Yutian Town of Changle is located today, is the center of Fuzhou Plain. Unfortunately, although there are reliable mountains, they face the north and can't stop the north wind in winter.
Closer to home, according to the records in Volume 4 of Fuzhou Fuzhi, Guo Pu wrote in "Moving to the City": "Mulberry fields are the sea, personnel changes ... birds are empty, and it will last for a thousand years." Eyebrows in front, heavy makeup. The streams are coming, and they all flow to the sea. The Lord cares about his guests, and the guests live in the Lord. In the east, the sky is stable, and the village of Shanzhen ... "。
Here, Guo Pu explained the urban construction position of Fuzhou with the theory of Feng Shui, to the effect that the sea becomes a mulberry field, which can gather more people to live and turn poverty into prosperity. There are birds in the tree, and there are birds in the tree to have a beautiful living environment. This is an unchangeable truth for thousands of years. It is absolutely impossible to destroy trees, flowers and birds. There are two mountains in front of the city, Wushi Mountain and Yushan Mountain, such as Emei. The trees on the mountain must be well protected. The trees are lush, just like makeup, keeping the stream clear and flowing to the sea. Humans and the environment are just like hosts and guests. If the hosts are kind to the guests, they will be comfortable if they live safely. The sun rises in the east and shines on the towns below. This is a prosperous scene.
Gao Yan got Guo Pu's advice and set about building Jin 'an County. It starts from the hill of Gu Ping Road in the north and ends at the Hu Jie intersection of Bayi 7 North Road in the south. It starts from Li Wenguang Changkou, Hudong Road in the east and ends at Dujikou, Gu Xi Road in the west. Wumen, there is a moat outside the city, which is bigger than Yecheng. Later generations called Zicheng because the city expanded.
At the same time, Gao Yan diverted water in the northwest mountainous area. He used the deep depressions dug by the northeast and northwest suburbs for building cities to dig into the East Lake and the West Lake, 20 miles around each lake. West Lake faces the city wall in the east, with Dameng Mountain and Xiangshan Mountain in the southwest and Wufeng Mountain in the northwest. Farmland is mixed with it, which is both flood control and drought prevention. Streams in the northwest mountainous areas converge into lakes to irrigate farmland. East Lake is located in the northeast of the city, around Xindian, Qinting and Doumen. Fucun Mountain is the center of East Lake, Qianhu and Hucheng Village are the place names left by East Lake, and the lake has disappeared. The two lakes are bounded by Longyao Mountain, a continuous vein of Wufeng Mountain, such as two green pearls, which regulate the climate, green the environment and produce food. This was the largest water conservancy project at that time, which not only made the peaks in the northwest of Fuzhou a treasure house of Feng Shui and Long Mai, but also made full use of water resources. Since then, Fuzhou has become a place with beautiful scenery and rich products. In view of this, it is not surprising that Fuzhou currently plans to dig an East Lake in Qin Ting, which should be beneficial in geomantic omen (therefore, Vanke Jinyu Rongjun also "lost no time" to make use of the East Lake).
In fact, what really made Fuzhou prosperous was that during the period from Yongping to Yongjia (2965,438+0 ~ 365,438+03) after the city was built, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" lasted for 65,438+06 years for the central government, which led to the collapse of the government and the continuous war, which drove the gentry and people in the Central Plains to flee south one after another and some of them moved to Fujian. This is the first time that the northern Han people have entered Fujian in large numbers. According to the history, "Since Yongjia was defeated and the Central Plains was in turmoil, the eight surnames of Lin, Chen, Huang, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He and Hu from the left and right sides of the Yangtze River moved to Fujian." This is the famous "crown over the south" in history. At the same time, the Han people in the north brought the silk industry, and then Fujian also produced colored satin.
Since then, with the prosperity of the city, Fuzhou has been expanding. Especially in the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, resulting in the tragic situation that "the three rivers in the north were in chaos, and the four seas were like Yongjia running south", and a large number of northerners entered Fujian via Zhejiang and Jiangxi. In the 14th year of Zhenyuan alone (788), 5000 monks, nuns and scholars went to Fujian at one time. The second migration of northerners to the south provided an opportunity for the development of Fuzhou.
By the middle of the Tang Dynasty (about 882), the economy was prosperous and the population increased greatly. Fujian observation allowed Zheng Yi to repair the southeast corner on a large scale, starting from Fu Xiao, Gu Ping Road in the north, to Hu Jie intersection, Bayiqi North Road in the south, to Liwenfangkou, Jinhu East Road in the east and to Dujikou, Gu Xi Road in the west. There are six city gates, with moats outside the city, Humen in the south, and Dahang Bridge outside the city, commonly known as Bridge, located at the intersection of Humen Street, Bayiqi North Road today. Andingmen is famous in the southeast, and there is Ren 'ai Bridge outside. This bridge is located at the southern end of Kaiyuan Road and the eastern end of Miaoxiang, which is today's Qian Wei Street. Kangtaimen, named after the East, has a Dongshan Building built on it. Outside the door is Dongkangqiao, which is between the Zhongshan intersection of Hudong Road, which is now Li Wenfang. Xifeng Lemen, Yixing Gate in the door, Yixing Bridge outside the door, Jingu West Road crossing the chicken mouth. Qingtai Gate is very famous in the southwest, with Qingtai Building on it. There is a bridge outside the door, commonly known as the foreign bridge. The bridge is near Yaliangli and Gecuo of Daming Road today. After the expansion, the sub-city is larger than the old city, and the government offices in the city are divided. The county government is located in the middle of the north, near the city edge in the north, with an instrument gate in the south, which is at the east intersection of Gu Ping Road and Hudong Road. At the same time, the South Lake was dug at the western foot of Wushi Mountain, and then the water from the West Lake flowed into the South Lake to irrigate the fields in the southwest of the city.
During the expansion of Zicheng, in the first year of Tang Guangqi (885), Wang Chao and Wang Brothers from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan Province entered Fujian with Wang Xu's peasant army, with more than 30,000 people. Since then, people from the Central Plains have gone south one after another to marry women from Fujian and Vietnam, and the population has doubled rapidly, once again realizing large-scale ethnic integration. According to "Min County Local Records", "Tang Wang came to Fujian, and his surname was thirty-six". The third northward migration further developed the urban construction of Fuzhou.
In the recovery year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (about 90 1), the mighty army made Wang Jian Luocheng, so Luocheng was also called "the mighty military city" and surrounded the city into an inner city. The city is an irregular arc, about 40 miles in Fiona Fang, 20 feet high and 65,438+07 feet thick. It surrounds Jin 'an County. To the north, Yeshan is surrounded and becomes the commanding height of the city. Antai river is the southern boundary. Luocheng is bounded by Dahangqiao River, with political centers and nobles in the north and civilian residential areas and commercial economic zones in the south. At the same time, it emphasizes the symmetry of the central axis, and both sides of the central axis avenue in the north of the city have become office buildings; On both sides of the central axis south of the city, high walls will be built in sections. These residential areas became the beginning of lanes, and then gradually formed the embryonic form of the layout of "three lanes and seven lanes". The walls of Luocheng are all made of bricks, and the words "made by mighty teachers" are printed on the bricks. The size of the brick is "based on Kaiyuan ruler, one foot eight inches long and three inches thick". There are 8 city gates, and Li Nan involves the city gate, that is, the north bank of Antai Bridge today; Yanmen in the East China Sea is the western end of the Australian Bridge on Wuyi Road in Dongxiaozhi today. Jinmen in the southeast, which is today's Gao Jie intersection of Jinmen Road; Northeast extension Yuanmen, that is, near the front of Gong Yuan at the northern end of Zhongshan Road, behind the North Yard; North Yong 'anmen, today's Yonganmen in Qiantang Lane, the north gate; Xishan Huamen, today's flower square mouth of Ximenduan Mountain; Qingyuan Gate in the southwest, that is, Guanglufang Macau Road, north of Macau Bridge; Northwest Anshan Gate.
In the first year of Kaiping (907), in the Five Dynasties of Houliang (said: two years, after the county records one after another), Wang expanded the north and south ends of the ellipse and sandwiched Luocheng in it, so it was called "Jiacheng" and named the North and South Moon City, 26 Li. After the completion of the North-South Jiacheng, including Los Angeles, it is slightly circular, with the southern end extending from Lishemen in the south gate to Ningyuemen, and the northern end extending from Yonganmen to Yanshengmen and Aiyimen at the eastern foot of Yuewangshan (Pingshan). Jiacheng, also known as South Moon City and North Moon City, has a circumference of 26 miles and 4800 feet. There are two gates in Nanyue City: Ningyue Gate (now Nanmendou) and Meihuamen Gate (formerly Kuancheng Street). This gate was opened to protect the city and connect rivers and lakes. There are also two doors in Beiyue City: Yanshengmen (now the east section of Hualin Temple) and Aiyimen (now the north gate). At that time, there was a 1 inner city gate in the south of the city, called the water department, which was at Caitou Bridge in the raw water department. There are also two doors in the North City. One is the Jinglou Gate, which is near Seven Stars Well, Imai Road. A Yingxian gate is in the west gate today. After the completion of Jiacheng, it will be connected with Luocheng, and the three commanding heights of Pingshan, Wushan and Yushan will be surrounded in the city to improve Fuzhou's defense capability. At that time, there were seven pagodas in Gushan (only Dingguang Pagoda and Stegosaurus Pagoda, commonly known as Baita and Wuta) and Bai Yunfeng Yongquan Courtyard (renamed Yongquan Temple in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty).
In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (974), Qian Yu, the secretariat of Fuzhou, built a city in the southeast to strengthen the defense. From south to west, the city is 329 feet long, with 6 gatehouses and 30 enemy towers; It starts from Dongwu Gate (Xingchun Gate, now called the East Gate) in the east, and there are 2 gates of Daoan and Linjiang in the north, 3 gates of Loulou and 5 watchtowers. There are two side doors (Tangjing Gate and Shipyard Gate), nine watchtowers, 274 feet in the city and 2900 feet along Hecheng River. To the south of Dongwumen, there are 3 gatehouses and 24 watchtowers, with a city of 365,438+00 feet, a river bank of 3,600 feet, a height of 65,438+0.6 feet and a thickness of 8 feet, with solid stone as the wall base and brick walls as the roof. The enemy tower was built for the first time in the construction of Fuzhou city walls in past dynasties. From the former sites of several gates in the outer city at that time, we can see its expansion scope. South expansion to Heshun, the name is far south, then changed to smooth, now north of Ximaqiao; Southeast expansion to Tongxianmen, now connected with fairyland; East to Chunmen (also known as Dongwumen), west of Jin 'an Bridge today; Northeast extends to Tangjingmen, which is now Tangjingdou and Shipyard Gate; Southwest expanded to Yishanmen, outside Yingxian County, now Ximendui.
In the third year of Song Taiping's revival (987), Song Taizong unified Fujian, but the Song Dynasty had doubts and ordered the wall to be demolished, leaving only a few feet high. During the reign of Song Xining (1068 ~ 1077), Cheng Shimeng learned about Fuzhou, and began to build Fuzhou City in the following year, and resumed at the former site of Zicheng. When Cheng Shimeng resumed the sub-city, it extended the West Gate to the side of Marshal Temple in Xigu Road and named it Fengle Gate. There was Dingyuan Bridge outside the gate, which surrounded Duchang (now called Laomicang) in the city, and nine pavilions were built on the city, namely: Fanxuan Building, Xihu Building, Wuyun Building, Sanshan Building, qinghui Building, Taishan Building, Duiyu Building, Slow Belt Building and Sitting Cloud Building. At the same time, dredging will be carried out to protect the city, and 0/2 bridges will be built: Humen Bridge, Qingtaimen Elegant and Custom Bridge, Famiao Bridge, Yihe Bridge, Qiu Yi Bridge, Changli Bridge, Renai Bridge, Leyou Bridge, Lequn Bridge, Kaitong Bridge, Convenience Bridge and Yixingmen Bridge. The Yuan Dynasty once again ordered the destruction of the walls of Fuzhou.
In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 126), the Jin soldiers invaded the south on a large scale, and the northern population moved south one after another, forming the fourth immigration climax in Fuzhou history. According to the records of Sanshan annals in the Song Dynasty, the number of households in Fuzhou increased from 94,475 in the period of Taiping and Xingguo to 32 1284 in the ninth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (182). In 2000, the number of households increased by 226,809, more than 2-3 times, of which 21684. Under the pressure of population growth, it was built in the outer city during the reign of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1265 ~ 1274).
In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Wang Gong, a captain of Xu School, to build the old city of Fuzhou. Wang Gong made a detailed investigation of Feng Shui in Fuzhou (another Feng Shui master), and thought that Pingshan, Wushan and Yushan must be enclosed in the city in order to make the urban ecology intact, so he built a wall with stones, crossing the main peak of Pingshan in the north, and the outer city built a wall around Wushan and Yushan, which was ten miles wide and basically round, and the Feng Shui was wonderful. During the reconstruction, a watchtower was built at the top of Pingshan Mountain as a sample of each gate building, hence the name "sample building". You can see the sea from this building, which is also called zhenhai tower. The east, west and south sides of the city wall were restored according to the ruins of the outer city in the Song Dynasty. The wall in the south is surrounded by mountains and the foothills of Wushi Mountain. Fiona Fang is 10 miles long and the surrounding area is 3340 feet long. The wall is 2. 1.0 Zhang high and 0. 7 Zhang thick. There are 62 watchtowers, 98 police shops, 2 164 towers and 4085 female walls.
In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), Fuzhou Zhongwei commanded Li Hui and others to build more pavilions, bridges and roofs around the city. In order to defend against Japanese invasion, in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), 36 enemy platforms were added in the city, surrounded by the city on three sides, with a depth of 7.5 feet, a width of 10 foot and a length of more than 3,300 feet. In the forty-second year of Jiajing (1563), the enemy invaded again, and due to the protection of the city wall, the enemy was annihilated at the gate. The "eighty-one piles" in the suburbs are said to be the burial place of the Japanese pirates in those days. In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), it was rebuilt again, with seven gates: South Gate (at Jiuxian Bridge), North Gate (that is, the feast gate of Qianjia City, which was later blocked, and Renai Gate was changed to North Gate), East Gate (that is, Hangchun Gate of Qianwai City), West Gate (that is, Yingxian Gate of Qianjia City) and Ministry of Water (in the southeast). In an important place outside Shicheng, with a heavy semicircular urn, there are also doors that can be closed. There are also four sluices connecting the rivers inside and outside the city.
Wang Shimao, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Fujian Province Sparse: "The situation in the world can be easily distinguished as Fuzhou House, where the mountains are full of dragons and hills, and Wushi and Jiuxian (Yushan) are two places in western Shandong. Outside the Dongshan Mountain, the sky is covered, the moon is out of it, and the sea is out of it, which is called a lonely mountain. The Xishan Mountain is a little crude, shaped like a flag, and is called Qishan to match drums. The mountain in front of us is like a screen, which seems to be cleverly berthed by people, but it doesn't see the passage of water. When you climb Daoshan (Wushi Mountain), you can clearly see the size of the water. The river winds from the southwest to the foot of Fangshan, and the Nantai River is closer to the city. The great river bends slightly from south to north and east, and the Nantai River joins it. Wang Yang is full, Changle enters the East China Sea, and its mountains and rivers are also in Ming Xiu. "
Wang Yingshan, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Du Min Ji: "The three peaks are located in the territory, and the three wonders are marked outdoors. A few sweet fruits make a lotus flower. Jingjiang River leads to the lake, which joins the sea in the southeast. Two tides huff and puff, and a hundred rivers overflow. All the mountains and rivers are beautiful. Every soldier has no chaos, and every hunger has no shortage. Zou Road, which leads from Shahe Road to the estuary and seaside, has been remembered by people since ancient times. At this point, scholars believe that the location of Fuzhou City in Ming Dynasty is the best for geomantic omen, because of its favorable weather, geographical location and human harmony. The key is to keep out the wind and water. There are three mountains in the city, with lush trees, which can shelter from the wind. There are rivers and lakes outside the city, where you can hide water. Fuzhou has become a paradise on earth.
After the Qing dynasty, it was basically perfected according to the layout of the Ming government. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (16 1), Governor Li took fire prevention measures, led the prefect to demolish and replace the city houses, and built more city walls, with a height of 2.4 feet and a thickness of 1.9 feet. There are 264 nests, 93 fortresses and more than 3000 creeks. In the 30th year of Kangxi (169 1), Governor Guo Shilong rebuilt the two towers in the southwest. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727) and the ninth year of Yongzheng (173 1), the female wall was rebuilt one after another. In the 16th year of Qianlong (175 1), Governor Calchi Hill and Governor Pan Simiao rebuilt. In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (18 17), the governor of Fujian rebuilt the city wall. After the completion, he made notes on the conditions of mountains and rivers, temples, houses, townships, winding paths and bridges. During the Daoguang period (182 1 ~ 1850), the city was overhauled again, but the scope of the city did not expand.
After the Revolution of 1911, in order to develop traffic, the city walls were demolished one after another. Huanzhumen was built in the first year of Longde in the Five Dynasties, formerly known as Fujian and Taiwan, also known as Guitoumen. After the reconstruction in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Lion Building, commonly known as Shuangmen Building. There are three big lions carved with stones on the double doors, facing south to crush the Five Tigers Mountain, commonly known as "Three Lions Pick Five Tigers". In the Republic of China, when the highway was rebuilt, it was demolished and three lions were moved under the "Haitian Aozhu" plaque in front of the Drum Tower. 1952, when the drum tower wall was demolished to build Guping Road, the stone lion was moved to the south gate around the island and was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Of course, since then, the construction of Fuzhou City has basically stopped.
Fuzhou geography has a lot to do with Feng Shui, and many strange things have happened.