First, treat people equally and help generously. He treats the poor and needy equally and shows sympathy for them. Even if you have no money, you should help people in need by selling your property.
1. Send clothes to tailor Yang to bury his mother. Yang Tailor's mother died and was unable to attend the funeral, so she borrowed money from Du. Du had no money on him, so Yang, the tailor, pawned a whole box of new clothes he had just made and buried his mother. He said, "I don't want you to return it. Although you are a small business, you should not be indifferent to the great events that happened to your parents. The future will be a lifelong hatred. How to earn a few taels of silver? " It shows Du's noble character of advocating filial piety and helping others selflessly.
2. Sell land to help others. Du sold one of his fields for more than 1000 taels of silver and distributed it to those in need. (1) gave Lou Gongsun 100 two pieces of silver, and asked him to go back and do some small business and wait on his mother.
(2) Send 50 taels of silver and Huang Da to repair the house. Look at the room next to the ancestral temple where Huang Da lives. It turned out that Du Fu bought it. The house collapsed after a long time. He asked Du to help persuade his grandfather to pay the fee. Du said, "My family! To whom? Since my grandfather bought this house for you, naturally I should repair it. Now that it has fallen, how much will it cost to rebuild? " Then he took out 50 taels of silver and handed it to Huang Da. He said to Huang Da, Come and talk to me when you're done.
(3) Send 300 taels of silver, hide Polygonum hydropiper, and return the money for books to others. Zang finally bought a scholar for others, but later, because of the strict conditions above, the scholar dared not sell it, so Zang made up for it himself. The person who bought the scholar wanted to pay back the three hundred and twenty pieces of silver, and Zang borrowed money from Du for fear that things would be exposed. Du was responsive and generously sent three hundred and twenty pieces of silver to help.
(4) Send the son to take the exam, and send Zhang 120 silver to the study palace. Although Du himself does not pay attention to his official career, he is warm-hearted and considerate.
(5) Borrow a house and live with the dismissed vassal who has nowhere to hide. The maharaja was dismissed from office, and everyone in the county said that he was an asshole and refused to lend him a house to live in. Du had no contact with Wang Su, but he thought the king admired him and had nowhere to hide, so he let the king live in his garden. He said, "If I went to worship him the day before yesterday, I would flatter the magistrate of this county. Now that his official position is broken and he has no house to live in, I should take care of him. " We can see Du Fu's characteristics of helping the poor, but it also exposes Du Fu's weakness of helping others regardless of good or bad.
(6) Send the package 100 silver to return to the old job and support the mother. Bao complained to Du that he would return to his father's business, reward him with money, and teach the troupe to support his mother. Du Nianbao's father and mother are very respectable, so he was rewarded with 100 silver. He also said to wait until he finished talking. If grandpa Lou is not seriously ill and needs to be taken care of, he should be given more money.
(7) Take care of the seriously ill Mr. Lou, send money and clothes to the seriously ill Mr. Lou's hometown, and take 120 pieces of silver and Lou's son back to work.
Du treats people kindly. He has great respect for his father's doorman, Father Lou, and takes care of him as his own family. Father Lou has been in Du's family for more than 30 years. He manages accounts, is loyal to his duties, is honest and self-disciplined, helps the weak and helps the poor, but he is extremely poor. Du Shao Qing has great respect for him. When Lou Lao was ill, Du visited and waited on him in the morning and evening. Du personally looked at the medicine and porridge that Lou Lao ate before giving it to Lou Lao. He personally sent ginseng in the morning and evening and served it carefully. He gave Grandpa Lou 100 to his grandson and sent him back to do some small business to wait on his mother. Lou Lao was critically ill, and Du brought dozens of taels of silver to buy life-saving appliances and prepare clothes to send Lou Lao back to his hometown. He also sent one hundred and twenty pieces of silver and took Lou's son back to attend the funeral.
After Lou's father-in-law died, Du was very sad, cried a lot, prepared a sacrificial ceremony overnight, went to mourn, and took out dozens of taels of silver to buy land for his son and grandson to bury.
Lou Lao's last words deeply touched Du. He preached the inculcation of an elder to the younger generation, and also summed up Du's character and style. He said that Du's character and articles are the best in the world. However, Du Can will not be a master or a friend. He just gives money generously, but he doesn't care whether he is virtuous or not. He was cheated and lost everything. Advise Du Xue to learn from his father's good virtue, so that he will not be hungry and cold in the future. And advised him to go to Nanjing for development.
Second, they don't want to be bound by feudal ethics, don't compromise vulgar life, and their words and deeds are deviant.
In life and study, Du dared to challenge feudal ethics and Zhu. He said: "It is natural for Zhu Wengong to interpret the Confucian classics, and it is also for future generations to refer to Confucianism. Now I have lost all the Confucian scholars, relying only on Zhu Zhu's notes. This is the ignorance of future generations and has nothing to do with Zhu. " In fact, this is a denial of Zhu Zhu's theoretical standards and Zhu's authority.
It also has its own personality in life and is not bound by feudal ethics. Mr. and Mrs. Du are traveling, with beautiful spring scenery and a gentle breeze. Du Yilan drank too much and got drunk. Holding the young lady in one hand and the golden cup in the other, they walked out of the garden laughing and walked for more than a mile on the cool hillside, making people on both sides dazzled and afraid to look up.
Third, rebuild rites and music, and worry about the country and the people.
Du Jia's wealth was exhausted, but he still insisted on donating 320 yuan to repair the Taibo Hall. Du's property ran out and he came to Nanjing, where his life was difficult. He went to Anqing to meet Li's adult, and pawned the Jinbei as thirty taels of silver for the trip. When I came back, I owed three taels for the boat, had no money to eat, and almost pawned my clothes, thanks to the twelve taels given by Master Wei. When he heard Chi Hengshan say that in today's society, scholars just want to talk about the history of rites and music and the history of military agriculture, and don't ask at all. In order to encourage everyone to learn etiquette and music and achieve talents, they plan to build a Taibo Hall for Wu Taibo, the first saint in Nanjing in ancient and modern times. He was overjoyed and decisively donated 300 Liang.
Fourth, despise fame and fortune and refuse to be an official.
Du refused to be an official in the feudal society where everyone pursued fame and fortune. Governor Li visited Confucian scholars in Tianchang County. His behavior is mature and his articles are elegant. He specially applied to play in the imperial court and introduced him. Du actually used Jinbei as a travel expense and went to Anqing to find an adult and asked to resign.
When Du heard that the documents had arrived, Uncle Li told Master Deng in the county to go to Beijing to be an official. He hurried home by boat from the railing of the river house without taking the front door. He put on his old clothes and hat, wrapped his head in a handkerchief, and lay in bed pretending to be sick and sleeping. When the magistrate of a county came to invite him, Du asked the page to help him, pretending that he was seriously ill, and he couldn't get up when he went underground to worship, saying that he was unfortunately seriously ill and his life and death were hard to protect, and begged the magistrate of a county to speak on his behalf. Du was very happy when he thought that he was known to be seriously ill. He said, "Well, I will be a scholar. With this ending, I shouldn't take the provincial exam in the future, and I won't take the exam in subjects and ages. I will be happy and do my own thing! " "
Du knows that fame and fortune are things outside his body, and he doesn't want to go with the flow in officialdom. He advocates a willful and free life, takes natural landscape as his spiritual home, has a traditional moral and ethical outlook, and respects his father's guest, Mr. Lou. Dare to challenge feudal authority and feudal customs; Treat the poor and needy equally and show sympathy and help; At the same time, he also has a heart of worrying about the country and the people, and is an ideal figure in the author's mind.