Stephen Hawking, one of the great men with international reputation in this century, is 60 years old and was born on the anniversary of Galileo's death. He is a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Cambridge University, and also the most important general relativity and cosmologist of our time. In 1970s, together with Penrose, he proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolff Prize in Physics of 1988. Therefore, he is regarded as a life desk calendar.

1942 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Cambridge on October 8th.

The family moved to St. Albans on 1950.

1959 Entering Oxford University

1962 graduated from Oxford and went to Cambridge for postgraduate study.

1963 was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

From 65438 to 0965, she got a doctorate from Cambridge University and married Jenny Wilder.

The eldest son Robert was born.

Daughter Lucy was born/started to use a wheelchair.

1973 published the first book "The Structure of Time and Space".

1974 announced the discovery of black hole radiation and became a member of the Royal Society.

1977 was appointed Professor of Gravitational Physics at Cambridge University.

The second son, Timothy, was born in 1979/ and was appointed Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University/published Review of General Relativity: Commemorating Einstein's Centennial Birthday.

198 1 year, he attended the Vatican cosmology conference, announced the publication of borderless ideas/hyperspace and supergravity/was awarded the Senior Knight Order of the British Empire.

He fell ill in Switzerland on 1985/underwent tracheotomy and lost his language ability. He published A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole in 1988 with a computer with a sound generator/and won the Wolf Foundation Award.

1989 was awarded the title of honorary knight of the British Empire.

1990 Divorce with his wife

199 1 time brief history release.

1993 "black hole and baby universes" and other papers were published.

He is regarded as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. "He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary, and he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in scientific achievements. His position is the highest professorship in the history of Cambridge University, that is, Lucasson Professor of Mathematics once held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is a member of the Royal Society. He suffers from Luger's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and has been in a wheelchair for 20 years. However, he was physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even read clearly, but he transcends relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly in the vast space and time, and solved the mystery of the universe.

Professor Hawking is a modern popular science novelist. His masterpiece is A Brief History of Time written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical popular science novel. The author's imagination is rich, his ideas are wonderful, his language is beautiful and his words are meticulous, which is even more surprising. The outside world, the future changes are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages. 1992 The film of the same name cost 3.5 million pounds. Hawking firmly believes that the basic ideas about the universe and the origin of life can be expressed without mathematics, and the world should be able to understand his profound theory through the audio-visual media such as movies. This book is a popular reading about exploring the nature of time and the frontier of the universe. It is the most important classic work about the scientific thought of the universe, which has changed the concept of the universe. As soon as this book was published, it caused great repercussions all over the world. A Brief History of Time is a landmark book for readers who prefer words to equations. She is good at being a contributor to human thoughts. This is a book that pursues knowledge infinitely and explores the essence of time and space.

As the undisputed authority of cosmology, the sequel of A Brief History of Time has always attracted readers with its research results and life. The sequel to A Brief History of Time is for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theory. The book describes Professor Hawking's life course and research work in the form of frank and sincere personal interviews, and shows the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely touching and charming portrait and description of one of the greatest thoughts of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration.

Hawking lectures-Black holes, baby universes and others are a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking during the period of 1976- 1992. This paper discusses the birth of baby universes caused by virtual time and black holes, and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and puts forward unique views on free will, the value of life and death.

The essence of time and space was expressed in a complete mathematical form 80 years ago, and the basic principles of quantum theory appeared 70 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the whole physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the most famous physicists in the world debated this question. This book is based on six speeches and final debates given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.

"The Charm of the Future" begins with Stephen Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in the next billion years, and introduces Hawking with his understanding of Don Kubit's final trial:

Stephen Hawking is the greatest theoretical physicist after Einstein in this century. He is currently a professor of mathematics at Lucasian, Cambridge University. He has been in a wheelchair for more than 30 years because of Luger's disease, but he has made great progress in the study of quantum mechanics with superhuman perseverance and indomitable fighting spirit. His theory reveals that black holes will radiate particles outward after considering quantum effects, instead of being "black" as people usually think. In addition, Hawking's popular science works also enjoy a high reputation, and his A Brief History of Time is a worldwide bestseller.

In the second half of the 20th century, Stephen Hawking, a giant in a wheelchair, fundamentally changed the view of time and space and the view of the universe. According to his borderless universe theory, the universe is no longer an infinite background in space and endless in time. The universe, together with its life and spirit, is just a transient phenomenon from scratch and dying from nothing. As for the existence of human will and its influence on the universe, it may never be answered.

But now there seems to be another most obvious example of life willpower, that is Hawking himself, who has been fighting death for most of his life. He must have deeply realized the helplessness of nature after he was diagnosed with Luger's disease on 1962. Patients with this incurable disease can only live for about two years on average. Thirty-five years later, people can say that it is the struggle with fate that makes him the most fearless fighter to explore the ultimate mystery of the universe. We might as well add that it is this strong sense of mission that leads to this miracle of life to overcome disability.

Last winter, I received his invitation by express delivery. This invitation is timely, because I have just finished the research on the quantum creation of a single black hole at the birth of the universe at the Vatican Observatory in the outer suburbs of Rome. The quantum creation of black holes is a very concerned issue in recent years, but he studies the creation of black hole pairs.

This spring, after I finished my study tour of Greek and Polish, I flew to Cambridge and stayed at the home of Ms. Gao Dewen, a nurse who took care of him for many years. Around Easter, Cambridge is the most beautiful season. The weeping willows on both sides of Jianhe River are still smoking in antique college buildings, and colorful tulips are blooming on the green grass. People are immersed in a strong atmosphere of religious festivals. Hawking's department of applied mathematics and theoretical physics is more crowded than ten years ago. There is a brief introduction about his life on the advertisement column at the entrance of the department, which accurately says: Hawking is the most popular scientist after Einstein. There is a bronze statue of Dirac in the department library, next to a new bronze statue of Hawking made by the same female sculptor. Both of them have made the same pioneering contribution to the study of micro-world and macro-world, and their scientific aesthetic motivation also affects their exploration process. ...

The morning after my arrival, I came to my familiar office. He sat in front of the office, staring at me, and just started to press the switch in his hand and choose words on the computer screen of the wheelchair. I realized that he was talking to me. During the few minutes of waiting, I noticed that he was a little older and weaker than before, and his blond hair was a little thinner, but he didn't look gray yet. As Gao Dewen said last night, she is in good health, but she doesn't want to say that she is as good as when she first nursed him seven years ago. I was distracted when the speaker behind him suddenly said, "Nice to meet you." This is machine-synthesized English with an American accent. I asked, "Steven, how have you been recently?" Another few minutes of waiting, "I'm fine, I'm married again." I said, "I learned the news from the newspaper. Do you like my present? " I mean the embroidered tablecloth that Gao Dewen brought to him when he was on duty late last night. It was given to me by my brother Zhong Guo in Beijing. He replied, "I like it very much. Does it take a lot of effort to weave this? " I said, "Maybe!" ..... The conversation continues. He asked about the current academic situation in China and China. Finally, he told me that he was going to Vietnam to adopt a girl in June 5438+065438+ 10, and asked me what advice I had. I replied that it was a good thing, but we should pay attention to the problem of acclimatization. Because of immunity, we should be more careful when eating and drinking.

In the conversation with the machine, I noticed that he actually operated the switch with only three fingers, and the switch with his thumb pressed in his hand mainly used his ring finger and sometimes his middle finger. Once the machine said something puzzling, and the nurse immediately stepped forward. The switch turned over and slipped out of her hand. After she put it in her hand, the conversation can continue. Because the machine is cold, its synthetic language has no cadence and emotional color, so it is boring. Later, I asked his nurse how he expressed his emotions, and she said that he could also control the level of his voice.

His contracted body leaned against the wheelchair and made much progress than before. Besides studying, he often eats and drinks water every day. First, it is because of medical needs. Second, the feeding efficiency of nurses is very low, and 80% of them are wasted.

After a hard day's work, I didn't go home until seven or eight in the evening. People will see such a scene on the bank of Jianhe River in the university center. Wheelchairs have replaced most functions of his body except his brain, and this machine is controlled by his indomitable will. Under the sunset glow, accompanied by a nurse, the wheels rolled slowly and firmly to the southwest grassland. ...

I also received letters from him and his wife when I was in Cambridge. The full text is as follows:

Dear Mr. Wu,

Stephen and I are very happy to receive your beautiful gift. This gift is beautifully made and we like it very much. You came all the way to England from Wan Li, China, just to bring us this treasure. We appreciate your kindness, generosity and thoughtfulness.

I'm glad it was sunny and getting warmer when you returned to Cambridge. I wish you a colorful life during your study.

[Name] Stephen Hawking (theoretical physicist, cosmologist and writer)

Zhonglian hawking

March 27(th)

Thursday

On my way to China and Japan to continue my study tour, I thought that Hawking phenomenon, like the universe itself, was unique and unrepeatable. Of course, strictly speaking, any individual life is unique. His outstanding point is that he has solved the problem of where the universe has troubled mankind for thousands of years, that is, the first problem of ascension, thus completely eliminating divinity from the affairs of the universe, and these achievements were obtained when he wandered at the gate of hell. He may be the last philosopher and scientist in history. People will naturally care, how long can this cosmic wisdom shine? I don't think he and doctor can make an accurate prediction of the evolution of the universe like him. But one thing is certain, the brilliant achievements so far are enough to make him regret this life!

Respondent: Fisherman-Juren Grade 5 12-8 19:56.

Who is Hawking? He is a brain, a myth, the most outstanding theoretical physicist of our time, a giant in the name of science ... perhaps, he is just a warrior who challenges his fate in a wheelchair.

A wise brain was born.

Stephen Hawking was born in194265438+1October 8th. At this time, his hometown London was shrouded in Hitler's indiscriminate bombing.

Hawking and his sister spent their childhood in several towns near London. Many years later, their neighbors recalled that Hawking was lying in the cradle car, which was very eye-catching, and his head looked very big, which was different from ordinary people-mostly because Hawking's reputation and achievements were far from ordinary people, and neighbors could not help but re-portray the image of gifted children in their memories.

However, in this dull and conservative town, the Hawkins really look different. Hawking's parents both received formal university education. His father is a doctor who studies tropical diseases, while his mother has engaged in many occupations. Residents of small towns are often surprised to see Hawkins driving an old used car across the street to the suburbs-before the car entered the homes of British citizens. However, this strange car expanded Hawkins' freedom of movement.

Hawking is keen to find out the ins and outs of everything, so when he sees a novel thing, he always likes to take it apart and understand the structure of each part-but it is often difficult for him to put it back because his hands and feet are far less flexible than his mind, and even his handwriting is famous in class.

Hawking/Kloc-entered Oxford University to study physics at the age of 0/7. He is still not a hard-working student, and this attitude is consistent with other students at that time. This is a period of confusion for young people after the war-they are tired of everything and feel that there is nothing worth pursuing. Hawking hangs out with his classmates at school, drinks and joins the rowing club. In the long run, he is likely to become an ordinary employee or teacher. However, the disease appeared.

The disease appeared.

Since childhood, sports have never been Hawking's strong point, and he is not good at almost all ball games.

In his third year at Oxford, Hawking noticed that he became more clumsy, and once or twice he fell down for no reason. Once, he suddenly fell down the stairs for some unknown reason, immediately fell into a coma and almost died.

It was not until 1962 that Hawking was a graduate student in Cambridge that his mother noticed her son's abnormal condition. Hawking, who just celebrated 2 1 birthday, spent two weeks in the hospital. After various examinations, it was diagnosed as "Luger's disease", that is, motor neuron atrophy.

The doctor told him that his body would get out of control more and more, and only his heart, lungs and brain could function. Finally, the heart and lungs will also fail. Hawking was only sentenced to two years in prison. That was at 1963.

At first, the disease deteriorated quite quickly. The blow to Hawking can be imagined. He almost gave up all his studies and research because he didn't think he could finish his master's thesis alive. However, a woman appeared.

The wheelchair appeared.

Hawking's condition is getting worse and worse. 1970, Hawking, whose academic reputation is growing day by day, was unable to walk by himself, and he began to use a wheelchair. To this day, he has never left it.

Hawking, who has been sitting in a wheelchair, works and lives extremely tenaciously.

199 1 In March, Hawking returned to his apartment in Berlin in a wheelchair. When crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. The left arm was broken, the head was cut off, and 13 stitches were stitched. However, 48 hours later, he returned to work in the office.

On another occasion, he and his friends went to a country house. When going uphill, they turned too hard and the wheelchair fell backwards. I didn't expect the master of gravity to be overturned in the bushes by the gravity of the earth.

Despite the growing physical disability, Hawking still tries to live like an ordinary person and accomplish what he can. He's even lively-it sounds a bit funny. After he was completely unable to move, he still insisted on driving a wheelchair with his only movable finger on the way to the office. In a hotel in Moscow, he suggested that everyone dance. The way he turned the wheelchair in the hall was really a miracle. When meeting Prince Charles, he turned his wheelchair to show off and ran over Prince Charles' toes.

Of course, Hawking also tasted the consequences of "freedom" action. The master of quantum gravity fell from his wheelchair many times under the weak gravity of the earth. Fortunately, every time he stubbornly "stood up".

1985, Hawking underwent tracheal surgery, and since then he has completely lost the ability to speak. It is under such circumstances that he made great efforts to write the famous A Brief History of Time and explored the origin of the universe. Hawking achieved great success, but the reality of life replaced the romance of love, and his marriage with Jane came to an end.

Intuition: Black holes are not black.

Hawking's research object is the universe, but he has never been interested in observing astronomy, and has only observed it several times through a telescope. Compared with traditional scientific methods such as experiment and observation, Hawking's method relies on intuition.

The great achievement of "black hole is not black" comes from the flash of an idea. 1970 1 1 One night in June, Hawking slowly climbed into bed and began to think about the problem of black holes. He suddenly realized that a black hole should have a temperature, so that it would release radiation. In other words, black holes are not that black.

This epiphany, after three years of thinking, formed a complete theory. 1973165438+1October, Hawking officially announced to the world that black holes constantly emit X-rays and gamma rays, which is the famous "Hawking radiation". Before that, people thought that black holes could only swallow but not spit.

From the singularity of BIGBANG to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking has made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. Hawking won the Wolf Prize in Physics from 65438 to 0988.

The king of bestsellers: a brief history of time

Hawking's popular science book A Brief History of Time-From BIGBANG to Black Hole has sold as many as 25 million copies worldwide, and has been on the bestseller list since the publication of 1988, setting a bestseller world record. In this book, Hawking tries to explain black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, black holes and time travel in a way that ordinary people can understand.

At the beginning of A Brief History of Time, Hawking pointed out: "I was told that every equation I wrote in the book would halve sales. So I decided not to write any equations. But at the end of the book, I wrote an equation, Einstein's famous equation E=mc2. I hope this will not scare away half of my potential readers. " Now it seems that Hawking is completely worried.

Respondent: wqepqkcg- second assistant 12-8 19:56.

Stephen Hawking (1942-)

Stephen Hawking, one of the great men with international reputation in this century, is 60 years old and was born on the anniversary of Galileo's death. He is a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Cambridge University, and also the most important general relativity and cosmologist of our time. In 1970s, together with Penrose, he proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolff Prize in Physics of 1988. He is therefore known as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. "He also proved the area theorem of black holes. Hawking's life is very legendary, and he is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in scientific achievements. His position is the highest professorship in the history of Cambridge University, that is, Lucasson Professor of Mathematics once held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is a member of the Royal Society. He suffers from Luger's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and has been in a wheelchair for 20 years. However, he was physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even read clearly, but he transcends relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly in the vast space and time, and solved the mystery of the universe.

Professor Hawking is a modern popular science novelist. His masterpiece is A Brief History of Time written in 1988, which is an excellent astronomical popular science novel. The author's imagination is rich, his ideas are wonderful, his language is beautiful and his words are meticulous, which is even more surprising. The outside world, the future changes are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 40 languages. 1992 The film of the same name cost 3.5 million pounds. Hawking firmly believes that the basic ideas about the universe and the origin of life can be expressed without mathematics, and the world should be able to understand his profound theory through the audio-visual media such as movies. This book is a popular reading about exploring the nature of time and the frontier of the universe. It is the most important classic work about the scientific thought of the universe, which has changed the concept of the universe. As soon as this book was published, it caused great repercussions all over the world. A Brief History of Time is a landmark book for readers who prefer words to equations. She is good at being a contributor to human thoughts. This is a book that pursues knowledge infinitely and explores the essence of time and space.

As the undisputed authority of cosmology, the sequel of A Brief History of Time has always attracted readers with its research results and life. The sequel to A Brief History of Time is for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theory. The book describes Professor Hawking's life course and research work in the form of frank and sincere personal interviews, and shows the real "people" behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely touching and charming portrait and description of one of the greatest thoughts of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration.

Hawking lectures-Black holes, baby universes and others are a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking during the period of 1976- 1992. This paper discusses the birth of baby universes caused by virtual time and black holes, and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and puts forward unique views on free will, the value of life and death.

The essence of time and space was expressed in a complete mathematical form 80 years ago, and the basic principles of quantum theory appeared 70 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the whole physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? Two of the most famous physicists in the world debated this question. This book is based on six speeches and final debates given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.

The Charm of the Future begins with Stephen Hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in a billion years and ends with Don Kubit's understanding of the final judgment. It introduces the development of prediction and the methods we use to predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand. The author expounds his own views and answers some interesting questions, which is very interesting to read.

Finally, it introduces the development of prediction and the methods we use to predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand. The author expounds his own views and answers some interesting questions, which is very interesting to read.