After the death of Xuan Di and Liu Xun, Yuan Di and Liu Shuang succeeded to the throne, and the Western Han Dynasty began to decline. Liu Shuang's kindness to Confucianism led to the decline of imperial power and the rise of consorts and eunuchs. After Liu Shuang's death, Emperor Liu Ao acceded to the throne. Is a lecherous, has fallen in love with Queen Xu, Ban Jieyu and Zhao's sisters (Zhao and Zhao Hede). Because Zhao's sister was infertile, the children of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and other concubines were mutilated to death by Zhao's sister, which was called "Yan pecked the emperor's grandson" in history. Because "debauchery invades the bones", Liu Ao, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, finally died in the gentle township. Liu Ao's neglect of state affairs provided conditions for the rise of Wang Group, and the power of the Queen Mother Zheng Jun expanded rapidly. After Liu Ao's death, Liu Xin acceded to the throne and mourned the emperor as Han Xiao. Liu Xin has a "sleeve-broken fetish" and hangs out with his favorite object, Dong Xian, regardless of state affairs. Wang Shufei's power has been further expanded. The country has shown the image of doomsday, and folk "re-ordering" arguments abound. Liu Xin died on August 5th, BC 1 year. In August 17, the Empress Dowager sent Wang Mang to replace Dong Xian as Fu to marry Emperor Han Ping. 17 10, Liu Kan ascended the throne of Emperor Hanzhao. However, Emperor Liu Kan of Han Ping became a puppet of Wang Mang. On February 3rd, 6th AD, Liu Kan, the Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, died of illness at the age of 14. Follwed only made Liu Ying, an obedient baby, the Crown Prince, and made himself an "emperor photographer". In AD 9, 65438+ 10/0, Wang Mang abolished the position of Crown Prince Liu Ying, established a new dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

2. Eastern Han Dynasty:

In 88 AD, Zhang Han died suddenly at the age of 365,438+0. Zhao, who was only ten years old, acceded to the throne in order to make peace with the emperor. But in fact, it is Dou Taihou who manipulates state affairs, and national politics is increasingly corrupt. Dou's arrogance caused the emperor He's dissatisfaction. Soon, Emperor He, who was only 14 years old, arrested his concubine Dou Xian, and her power began to weaken. But then he entrusted the eunuch to the emperor, and the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty became a struggle between consorts and eunuchs. However, He Di is politically diligent and a wise master. In the first year of Yuanxing (105), in the winter of 65438+ February, the emperor He died of illness at the age of 27. Liu Long, the youngest son born only one hundred days ago, ascended the throne as Shang Emperor. Emperor Shang died after only eight months in office. The heir to the throne is Andy Liu Hu, son of Liu Qing, king of Qinghe River. At the beginning of his reign, the empress dowager Deng Sui ruled the country. Empress Deng kept the house diligently and appointed talented people, while limiting the family power, she also connived at the eunuch power. In the first year of Jianguang (12 1), Empress Dowager Deng died, Andi took power, and the Deng family was completely destroyed. Andi relied on the strength of consorts Song, Yan and eunuchs. Listen to the treacherous court official's words and be reckless. State affairs are fatuous. The Eastern Han Dynasty declined rapidly. In March of the fourth year of Yan Guang, Andy died in Yecheng on his way to southern China. The consort Yan remained silent and supported the son of Jibei, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was called the young emperor before the Han Dynasty, but he died after only 200 days in office. After the death of Shaodi, the Yan family plotted to build a puppet again, but it was broken by Sun Cheng, the servant, and the Yan family was killed. Sun Li is Wang Liubao. In the early days of Shun Di's rule, the eunuch's power expanded, but it triggered a rebound from all walks of life. In the first year of Yang Jia (132), Liang Nan, an aristocrat, was made queen. From then on, Liang Nan's consorts began to rise, and Liang Nan's brother Liang Ji was appointed general. In August of the second year of Han 'an (143), Shun Di died, and Liu Yuxin ascended the throne at the behest of Emperor Chong. He was only 2 years old when he ascended the throne, and Queen Liang was in office. In the first year of Yongjia (145), on the sixth day of the first month, Emperor Chong died at the age of three. On the 25th day of the first month, Liang Ji embraced Liu Zuan to the throne. This is the quality emperor. The quality emperor was very clever and called Liang Ji a "domineering general", so the quality emperor was quickly killed at the age of eight. On the seventh day of June this year, the general made Herry Liu, the grandson of Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao, the Emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Huan was young, and Queen Liang continued to be in power. At the beginning of Emperor Huan's reign, his power had almost no boundaries. He destroyed loyalty, enriched himself and committed various crimes. Emperor Huan was secretly dissatisfied with him. On the 10th day of August in the second year of Yan Xi, Emperor Huan sent troops to surround Liang Zhai, and the couple both committed suicide. Liang's consort collapsed. Eunuchs became the new power center. Shan Chao, Huang Xu, Juyuan, Zuo Yi and Tang Heng are county magistrates; Shan Chao's food city has 20,000 households, and was later named as a general riding a car. The other four people each have ten thousand households, called Wuhou. The greed and indulgence of the five emperors eventually led to the occlusion of the first party in Yan Xi's ninth year. On December 28th, the first year of Yongkang, Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty died. Emperor Huan left no children, and Liu Hong, the great-grandson of Hejian man Liu Jinbiao, succeeded to the throne as Emperor Han Ling. At the beginning of Emperor Ling's accession to the throne, there was a fierce power struggle between consorts headed by Dou Taihou and Dou Wu and eunuchs headed by Cao Jie and Wang Fu. On the seventh day of September in the first year of Yongkang, eunuchs staged a coup and consorts were weakened. Eunuch caused the two-party occlusion in the second year of Yongkang (164). The spirit emperor himself is arrogant and extravagant. In order to make up for the public selling of officials and titles, the corruption of state affairs reached the extreme. Finally, the Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Jiao broke out in 184. Although the rebellion was quickly put down, the national strength of the Han government was greatly reduced after this battle. In addition, in order to successfully suppress the rebellion, the central government also delegated military and political power to local officials. From then on, local strongmen and clans began to stand on their own feet, which made their already strong economic strength worse. Finally, they evolved into a situation in which many strongmen and warlords, such as Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao, Sun Jian and Dong Zhuo, were separated and competed with each other. After the death of Emperor Han Ling, Dong Zhuo came to power. After the abolition, Liu You, the younger emperor, became the king of Hongnong and changed Liu Xie to Xian Di. After Dong Zhuo was killed by Lu Bu, the warlord regime was completely superficial, and Cao Cao, who controlled the central government, appeared. Yuan Shao, located in Hebei; Yuan Shu, Huainan; Sun Quan of Jiangdong; Liu Biao, located in Jingzhou; Liu Zhang and other troops were stationed in Yizhou. Among them, Cao Cao "held the emperor to make the princes" and crusaded against warlords in the name of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. In the battle of Guandu, he destroyed the main force of Yuan, the biggest enemy, but at the same time he improved the power of the Han Dynasty and acted as the emperor's plenipotentiary agent in handling state affairs. At this time, the Han emperor was already in name only. Although Cao Cao tried to win over the emperor in the name of the prime minister of Han Dynasty, it caused the resistance of various governors and thought that he was a traitor. Cao Cao had to force Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to write a letter to punish various warlords. Although Cao Cao won Lien Chan in the early stage, Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated by Sun and Liu Lianjun and fled in a panic. Two-thirds of the potential is gradually forming. After Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi inherited Cao Cao's title. In 220, Cao Pi was forced to abdicate and changed his title to Wei, claiming that the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

3. Whether in the Western Han Dynasty or the Eastern Han Dynasty, the participation of consorts in politics is one of the main reasons for the decline. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the eunuch's political chaos was also very serious. It was the famous chaos of ten regular attendants that caused Dong Zhuo to abolish the emperor and the world was in chaos. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, most of them were dissolute and decadent, and their politics declined day by day. The regime of the buffer region, the eunuch's autocratic power, the consorts' participation in politics, and finally the peasant uprising led to the demise of the Han Dynasty.