The Kokang Maliba has experienced hundreds of years of wind and rain and entered the 1990s. However, this settlement created by the ancestors of China is not quiet for a moment. When the pointer of time points to 1992 1 1 month, it is another struggle for power and interests. The four Yang brothers who used to drive tractors in Lincang, China, went abroad in the late 1960s. Among the four brothers, Yang and Yang Maoan joined Myanmar. Both of them are in the Northeast Military Region. Yang Weiguo, deputy county magistrate, and Yang Maoan, director of the Internal Affairs Department of the Northeast Military Region. The other two, Yang Maoxiu and Yang Maoxian, have been running around the mall. Among them, Yang Maoxian was sentenced to death by the China District Court with 1994 for his repeated drug smuggling activities. After the mutiny, Yang and Yang Maoan were promoted to two important positions, namely, Deputy Chief of Staff and Director of Political Department. The courageous area also recognizes the identity of young brothers as courageous people. Peng Jiasheng's "heroic coalition" is actually a local armed force in China composed of brave people. Almost all the important leadership positions are enterprising people. It has a strong regional color. At that time, besides serving as commander-in-chief, there were Li Zhongxiang, chief of staff and deputy chief of staff (former deputy director of the Political Department of the Northeast Military Region of the Communist Party of Myanmar), Peng Jiafu, and Yang, deputy director of the Political Department Hu Jiayou, finance minister Liu Guoxi (former deputy finance minister of the Northeast Military Region), logistics minister Yang, finance and trade minister Zhang Dewen (former battalion commander of the Northeast Military Region) and vice minister Peng Dashun (the eldest son of Peng Jiasheng). Compared with UWSA, Peng Jiasheng's "Allied Forces" is a different model. Peng's subordinates have only one division-893 division, while Li Nimen and Wei successively served as teachers. The loose structure of "Brave Allied Forces" has created natural opportunities for internal disputes. 1992, 1 1 this month, the "courageous allied forces" broke out for the first time. The uprising was with his brother Yang, who was then the "Deputy Chief of Staff". The direct cause is "power struggle". After the dispute between Peng and Yang began, teachers Wei and others joined the Yang Department. The two sides fought each other, and there were more than a dozen battles. Few people are more sure of winning than he is. Delaying for a long time is even worse for poplar. The Yang brothers went to the Wa State to lobby the upper class and finally made a statement. At that time, the Wa State was at war with Khun Sa on the Thai-Burmese border. The actions of the UWSA have caused different repercussions in other armed forces. Ding Ying 10 1 is far away and has no greater connection. Lin Mingxian and Peng Jiasheng are related. Although "well water does not interfere with river water", they are always "relatives". The relationship between Peng Jiasheng and Khun Sa has always been very good, and the two sides often have some contacts. At the same time, due to geographical conditions, the Ministry of Forestry has some contacts with the Ministry of Khun Sa. This situation constitutes a "heart disease" in the story of the southern line of Wa State. At the same time, the territory of "Great Wa State" is almost the whole area east of salween. One of the factors, Wa decided to "help Yang overthrow Peng". As a result, about 1500 UWSA troops entered Kokang from Qingshuihe area. Strong power contrast made Peng Jiazhi lose quickly. I had to withdraw from the Kokang area. Commander of Yang Ren Kokang Allied Forces, with Yang Maoan as Deputy Commander. This happened in May of 1993. During Yang's reign, the drug problem in Kokang area became more prominent. One of the most important exits and passages is through China. Drug smuggling in China and Yunnan once had a great negative impact. China has gradually become a "consumer market" from a "transit" victim. Facing the severe task of drug control. It's autumn in Kokang Maliba 1995. Dare to go to the Yang family, and finally have a tricky "infighting". This "infighting" eventually led to the end of the Yang family's bold rule. The following is a document of the author/KLOC-0 in August, 1995: Among the six separatist armed forces outside Yunnan (including Kachin Independence Army and Montai Army), the Yang branch of "Kokang Allied Army" is the most rampant one that infiltrated China and smuggled drugs. Although it has only 2000 people, the area under its jurisdiction is the armed forces with the largest border with our region and state. Located outside Lincang, Baoshan and Dehong, Yangbanpan is an important area for drug entry and drug control in Yunnan. In recent years, Populus has also entered an eventful autumn. After 1992 overthrew Peng as king, there have been infighting incidents recently, further weakening his power. However, the momentum of the drug trade has not diminished. 1,1On the morning of August 6, 1995, the "Kokang Allied Forces" 128 stationed in Menggu, luxi county, Yunnan Province fought against Yang, and at the same time released three documents: a letter to soldiers, a peace declaration-a policy agenda and an announcement. This is the second large-scale infighting of the Allied Forces since 1989, when it gained independence from communist party, Myanmar. After more than two months of small-scale fighting, Li (Wa), the former commander of the 893rd Division (now128th Division) and Meng, the former county magistrate of Mongolia (a Chang native of Husa Township, Longchuan, China) who fought against Yang just retired from the position of the commander of128th Division, but they still acted as "heroic allies". Yang department recovered the important town of Mongolia, but suffered heavy losses. Yang Kexun, the fourth son of Yang Maoan, who is now the division commander of 128, was killed. The infighting, Yang has been weakened, it seems impossible to restore the strength of the past. 1On July 26th, 1995, Yang Maoan presided over the "Conference on Drug Control and Troop Deployment" in Mongolia. At the meeting, Yang argued with the deputy commander about China's accusation that he was a drug trafficking group. After the meeting, Li Sanren decided to use the opportunity of national defense adjustment to start work. At 5: 20 a.m. on August 1 Sunday, Li, the "class teacher", led the troops of three confidant battalions and detained Wei, the "chief of general staff" who was in charge of deployment in Mongolia, Yang Kexun, the division commander of 128, Wei San, the deputy division commander, and Li Chaohua, the county magistrate of Mongolia. At the same time, all the division guard battalions were disarmed. Meng led two battalions to disarm the third battalion of Yang Kexun's cronies and deployed it in the bamboo forest on the way. Without firing a shot, it only took four hours before and after the mutiny. Danielle also played the brand of "Military and Political Committee of Mongolian National Security Army". On August 3, Li released the detained Wei, Yang and 300 soldiers, returned to Kokang and became an important force to attack Danielle. At the same time, Yang Maoan made preparations for various activities and armed attacks. On August 5th, the headquarters headed by 124, vice captains and teachers Wang Guozhen and Yang Kexun was established, and more than 2,000 troops were mobilized to attack Mongolia. Yang personally went to Yangon to discuss the matter with government leaders and seek support. In addition, he also actively cooperated with Bao, Kachin Independence Army and Tunla Department of the Second Brigade. Yang also said to the Wa people who have real power: "We are all Han people, and we came out of China together, so we should leave some Han territory." Because Yang recognized the leadership of the Wa State and carried out the Wa State's will on some issues, the Wa State saw that Li's advantage was gradually losing, and needed to continue to control Yang, finally giving up Li and taking him back to the Wa State. After the success of the mutiny, Li and others failed to make a correct judgment on the overall situation because of their lack of leadership ability to control the overall situation, and they were lucky enough to think that Yang's department stopped there and could not capture Mongolia. In addition, without the military support of the Wa State, they gradually lost the initiative and had to recover Mongolia. Li led most of his troops to the Wa State, while Mengshala fled to the border of China to hide. The Wa background of this incident caused further discord between Bao and Yang, and the possibility of other conflicts was not ruled out. The "8. 1" event is not over yet. In June, 1995, 1 1, another "infighting". This "infighting" brought Peng Jiasheng back to his long-awaited brave old Russian village. The relevant information is as follows: 1995, 1654381at noon on October 22nd, 1993, Peng Jiasheng, the "Kokang Allied Army" overthrown by young brothers, and Lin Mingxian, the commander of the son-in-law "Kokang Eastern Allied Army", led two battalions into Yang. At that time, Yang Zheng led his troops to attack Mengshala, one of the "rebels" in this year's "8. 1" incident, in the Zaotanghe area outside the city. A fire broke out in Yang's backyard, and a battalion of his men mutinied and went to Myanmar. Desperate, Yang negotiated with the head of the Lashio Military Region in Myanmar and put forward three solutions: First, he asked to cooperate with the Burmese army in the future to jointly manage the Peng and Yangbu areas; Second, after being recovered by the Burmese army, Yang was incorporated into the Burmese police series and returned to the leadership of the government; The third is to ask the government to "support the elderly" in a piece of land in the mainland, and the jurisdiction is taken over by the government. The Burmese military quickly chose the third option. On the 23rd, seven fast battalions of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar entered the Yangbu area and took control of two commanding heights outside the occupied area of Pengbu. At the same time, it surrounded luxi county and Mongolia overseas. On the 26th, it occupied Mongolia. Under the command of Lin Mingxian and Peng Jiafu at the front desk, Pengbu quickly occupied another important place, Qingshui River, on 23rd, and surrounded the Kokang area. Peng Jiasheng vowed to "fight to the end" and avenge 1993. “ 1 1。 The "22" incident is actually an extension and continuation of the "8. 1" incident. This seemingly internal struggle triggered by the distribution of power actually has profound practical reasons and little-known background. It not only reflects the struggle for power and interests between the former separatist organizations in communist party, Myanmar, but also reflects the intention of the Myanmar government to some extent. At the same time, it is also the inevitable result of the balance of power on the east coast of salween under the new situation. The territory controlled by Peng is connected with the two provincial ports of Nansan and Qingshuihe in Yunnan. Because there is the nearest highway leading to Lashio in northern Myanmar, the bold geographical location is very important to me. At the same time, the generosity of the Chinese community is full of affection that blood is thicker than water. No matter from the geographical, transportation, cultural and other conditions, this is a region of great significance to China's reform and opening up and national security. After the Yang brothers, with the secret support of the Wa State, expelled Peng Wuwu from Kokang, the leadership of the Wa State soon found that the seemingly obedient Yang brothers did not bring positive factors to the realization of the goal of "Great Wa State". On the contrary, because Yang Guifei's selfish desires were too heavy to effectively control the flow of drugs, China was annoyed, so she dared Yang Guifei to fall out of favor with Wa. China also began to "change with pressure" for Yang. The Wa leadership finally formed a unanimous judgment: "The wrong person was chosen." In the courageous area, because the four brothers Yang went out during the Cultural Revolution, the foundation was shallow, and the "popular support" was always unstable. These factors led to the final demise of Populus. 65438+1 August, 19951day, former deputy commander of Yang Department of Wa State, and Li and Meng, cronies of Peng, transferred troops in Menggu and changed their names outside Menghai, Yunnan. Later, due to the differences between the Wa leadership, Li Er lost the opportunity and returned to Wa. However, this incident opened the prelude to the disintegration of Populus. Yang's "disobedience" finally made Wa resolve to solve the problem. The most suitable candidate is Peng Jiasheng, who lived in seclusion on the mountain not far from her son-in-law Lin Mingxian Mengla's headquarters, with only twenty or thirty people who often "suffer indignities". 1993, the Wa people who decided to "help Yang overthrow Peng" felt guilty, so Bao decided to "compensate" Peng. 1995101on October 23rd, after studying it, Peng Jiasheng and several cronies decided to use the power of Wa State to wait for an opportunity to regain their courage. In the middle of June of the same year, 1 1, Yang Lingbing attacked Mengshala Department of Zaotang River (outside Yunnan), and the forces around Laojie and Qingshuihe were empty. Peng thought it was a good time to start. On June 1 17 10/7, many UWSA troops subdued by Lin Mingxian entered Kokang with Peng Jiasheng, but Yang Maoan escaped because of the heavy rain on the way. 22, Peng Jiasheng arrived in Qingshui River. At that time, Yang had negotiated with the Lashio Military Region of Myanmar the conditions for attacking Mensala and was on his way back to Muse. After receiving the letter, he turned around and returned to Lashio Military Region on June 20th. 165438+. Later, Yang asked the Burmese government to hand over the arms warehouse and asked the Burmese army to maintain the security of the Kokang area and redraw the land to ensure its safety. Myanmar should agree immediately. 1 65438+1On October 22nd, six fast battalions and1artillery battalions from the first theater of Myanmar Northeast Military Region were dispatched. Two battalions occupied the Mongolian area, and the rest crossed salween and were stationed at the commanding heights of Laojie and Qingshui River. Peng Jiasheng said, 1965, the cause and effect dared the chieftain civil strife, and the Burmese army was very courageous under the pretext of being stationed in Jiangdong. By the time it reached 1968, the People's Army of communist party, Myanmar at that time had driven it across Jiangxi. In the past 30 years, the Burmese army crossed salween for the first time, which is of strategic significance to the Burmese government. 1995 12.20 "Kokang Interim Government" composed of Myanmar government, Peng Jiasheng and Kokang representatives was established. The Burmese army claimed that "once the situation is stable, it will withdraw its troops." However, during the inspection in early February of 1996, we saw that almost all the commanding heights from Laojie to Qingshui River were controlled by the Burmese army, and there was no intention of "retreating" at all. It seems that it is more difficult for the Myanmar government to give up Jiangdong.
The present situation and development trend of Kokang tarpaulin: After Peng Jiasheng returned to Kokang, his "domineering" was much less. Often take a "low-key" attitude and focus on developing the economy of the region. This has won a lot of "people's hearts". Especially after the Burmese army entered Courageous, the Han people in the whole region have a sense of crisis, and they urgently need a courageous leader, which is also beneficial to Peng Jiasheng. At the same time, Peng Jiasheng maintains a very friendly relationship with the local government in China. He said that we are from China, and we can only develop by relying on China. We can see that Laojie (outside the South Umbrella) and Hexi (west of Qingshui River), two important ports in Kokang, are now guarded by Pengbu, and the entry-exit inspection is handled by Pengbu's military personnel. Myanmar government forces only register vehicles and have no right to manage the border. Opposite to the 3-square-kilometer economic development zone at Nansan Port, Pengbu Kokang City is connected with it. Relevant research work has been started at the end of 1 month, and investment promotion has begun. The original "Kokang Cigarette Factory" and the newly-built "555 Cigarette Factory" jointly established with China will soon resume production and operation. In basic industries, Pengbu has surpassed Wa, Ding Ying and Lin Mingxian. Peng's current strength is about 1500. His younger brother Peng Jiafu is the commander and his eldest son Peng Dashun is the chief of staff. Unlike the Burmese army, Peng's troops are mainly responsible for the defense of ports and dam areas, while the Burmese army is stationed in mountainous areas. After the troops of both sides entered the courage, no one fired the first shot to keep the initiative, and the conflict was limited to armed confrontation. Due to the frequent activities of Burmese soldiers such as shooting with guns, stealing and raping women, Peng Jiasheng organized a "baseball team" to fight against government soldiers who violated discipline. What's more, Burmese soldiers once stole and robbed villages in China, and built fortifications at Nansan Port on two hills only 300 meters away from our border checkpoint. Nansan and Pengbu Economic Development Zone are both within their deterrent range. Its fortifications have been dug to our side, 44 meters wide and 32 meters deep. Although it was returned through foreign affairs negotiations, its fortifications are in the mountains, which is extremely unfavorable for attracting investment. The bold drug problem is a serious and thorny problem. According to relevant statistics, 70% of the * * * I seized committed crimes in the Kokang area. In this regard, Peng Jiasheng seems to have attracted attention. 1 On October 20th, Peng issued anti-drug orderNo. 96. 1, claiming to crack down on drug trafficking to China, and put forward the idea of replanting drug sources. Pompo introduced seeds from our relevant departments and planted 5000 mu of sugarcane, which was purchased by our sugar factory. Peng Jiasheng himself said that he would build a medicine exhibition hall to educate future generations. Yang Bu's passive situation on the drug issue had a far-reaching impact on Peng, so he immediately expressed his desire to fight drugs to the Chinese side after he took office, and entrusted the relevant domestic departments to strive to gradually carry out alternative planting in 3-5 years. But it will take time to prove whether words and deeds are consistent. It seems that Peng Jiasheng can basically control the Kokang area. There are four reasons: first, the recognition and choice of the courageous people, and there is no substitute for Peng Zhi at present; Second, because the young brothers introduced Burmese soldiers to the region, China people in the region have been boldly introducing Burmese soldiers to the young brothers, and China people in the region have a strong resistance to the young brothers. It is almost impossible for Yang to rebel against this area. Third, Peng has a good relationship with Bao,, and others. Recently elected as the chairman of the "Peace and Democracy Front" composed of four armies, "being good neighbors"; Fourth, Peng was the first person in the original Burmese Communist Party to negotiate with the government. In addition, his brave influence made the Myanmar government a little afraid of him. The Burmese government has a basic judgment, that is, solving Peng Bu by force may not be able to control his courage, nor may it be able to gain a foothold in Jiangdong. If we lose this opportunity, it is estimated that it is impossible to station troops in the east of salween in this century. The future development trend of Pompo is estimated in the following four aspects: 1. If Peng Bu can really crack down on drug trafficking step by step and win the support of China and the international community, the economic development prospects will be optimistic and the political power will be relatively consolidated. Because of his position, Peng is now the "leader" of the four armies (Wa, Lin, Monsala and Peng). If properly used, it will be conducive to the consolidation and development of the courageous regime. From other armed forces, Pompo saw the importance of developing economy. Because of its geographical and cultural advantages, there is also potential for bold development after stepping on the right track. 4. It is estimated that the Myanmar government will not give up using Peng Jiasheng to maintain the stability of Kokang area and the peace of the border, although the government has stopped in this area and is afraid to act rashly for the time being. In particular, the recent "consensus" reached by several armed forces after the settlement of the Khun Sa issue has brought their interests closer together. At the end of March, the Myanmar government took Peng Jiasheng to Yangon for "appeasement". One year has passed since the development trend predicted above, and it seems that this "fate" is right for "Peng Laoguan".
Today, Peng Jiasheng is still the "Commander" of the "Kokang Branch of the Special Police Department of Myanmar Ministry of National Defense". "Special Police Department of Myanmar Ministry of National Defense" is an armed force established after 1992. The headquarters is located in Dangyang, northeastern Myanmar. Why is the commander-in-chief Shao Chang? He himself is a Wa, and joined the Burmese government from Yan Xiaoshi's Wa army in 1990. Soon, he became the commander of the "Special Police Department" set up by Myanmar's "Ministry of National Defense" for several local ethnic armed forces in northern Myanmar. Due to the good relationship between Monsala and Peng Jiasheng, the above-mentioned Monsala "security forces" returned to Peng Jiasheng on June 1996. The number of troops in Monsala is 1 000, and it is also organized as "Mongolian Branch of Special Police Department". The once bold Yang brothers also gave up the "territory" in the border areas designated by the government in the second half of 1996. Although still under the leadership of the "special police department", the Yang brothers have made up their minds to develop in the business world. Yang Brothers established "Myanmar Jinjiang Shengli Co., Ltd.", with its headquarters in Lashio and offices in Munai, Jiugu and Guiguan. It seems that brother Jin's iron horse has been forgotten and it is impossible to make a comeback. Brave Maliba, the old street on an auspicious day is still very lively. The exchanges between the border people of the two countries are very convenient. In the busy market, you can see tourists from China. From all this noise, you can hardly imagine how bold yesterday was. "Brave people" will continue to thrive here and be passed down from generation to generation.