The ambition of Mount Emei began with the translation of "Goose Come" by Hu Shi 'an (-1663, An, Jutan, Sichuan Jingyan), a university student in Wuyingtang in the early Qing Dynasty. However, there are some omissions and many mistakes in this book. At the end of summer in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Jiang Chao returned to Luo Feng Temple and began to write Emei Mountain Records. During the day, I trudged with crutches and visited temples in the mountains. At night, I sat alone and read the history books of Emei. With a pair of sandals, a brown hat and clouds and water on one shoulder, you are curious to explore. When you see a hole, you will enter it. When you hit the top, you will be exhausted and you will have a hard time. Finally, you wrote the first complete record of Mount Emei. The book 18 volume is divided into one star field, two-shape victory, three temples and four eminent monks. Volume five immortals, volume six events, volume seven classics, volume eight historical sites, volume nine dates and seventeen articles, volume eighteen records, totaling 136084 words. Including 72 temples, 38 temples, 15 halls, 15 buildings, 13 pavilions and 12 pavilions from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty. The entries are orderly, the historical materials are detailed and appropriate, and the academic value is high. It is a precious historical material of Mount Emei, which is valued by scholars at home and abroad.
The prefaces to Mount Emei are all famous ministers and celebrities at that time, such as Du Fu, Governor Fu, Minister Li Huizu, Du Fu, Provincial Judge Cao Xiheng, Minister Jin Juan, Minister He, Emei County Magistrate Pan Zhibiao and so on.
Jin Juan, the political envoy, said in his preface to Emei Mountain that he was "adventurous and lonely, looking for traces of words, visiting the hometown of rotten Ke, exploring the wonders of the purple cave, and winning the true victory of pilgrims." All ancient temples, famous springs, Cao Qiong, strange trees, strange birds and strange animals can't be ignored. Gu Shanzhi's notes were scattered and forgotten, so he compiled them. " Jiang traveled all the famous temples in the mountain, climbed all the dangerous peaks, went deep into caves, stopped at famous springs, browsed ancient monuments, observed rare birds and animals, browsed exotic flowers and plants, and visited monks, villagers and pilgrims for field trips, so as to make the information as true and comprehensive as possible.
In the preface, the magistrate He also said that Chao Jiang used a wide range of materials and was meticulous. He said, "Diligence and extensive collection have made great contributions to Emei." .
In the 12th year of Emperor Dongdi in the Ming Dynasty (15 17), Xiong Shangbi pointed out when compiling the Annals of Sichuan: "Shu people, although one mountain and one river are amazing, must insist on telling the truth by one person. The mountain there is famous for the Phoenix, which is said to have existed in Feng Huangming. If the water is a famous horse, it is said that there was a dragon horse who saw this water; Or the name of the old man in the stream or the name of the old man in the cliff. It is said that the experience of Laozi is also ... For this number, you can know other strange things. " (See Sichuan Annals &; Middot's textual research puts forward that the compilation of records and history should be realistic and not boasted. Jiang Chao did a good job. He didn't record everything he heard, but simply pursued strangeness and interest. In his view, compiling local chronicles and history is different from writing essays, different opinions and folk literature. He firmly grasped the principle that "the purpose is to collect information, not to be eccentric, but to sort out information". Such as Shanglin Orange Pomelo and Zhou Fang Du Ruo, are fleeting and become the laughingstock of the ages. No one who becomes an immortal through Zen has really cultivated his true nature in Emei, nor dare he & "(See Emei Mountain Records &; Mount Emei used to be a Taoist fairy mountain. There is a record about the immortal family in Emei in the famous work "Holding Grandsons" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127), Taoism in Mount Emei reached its peak and was listed as the seventh cave of Taoism. After that, it gradually declined, while Buddhism, which had long been rooted in Emei, flourished. By the end of Qing Dynasty, Taoism finally ended its history in Emei Mountain. Buddhism penetrated the whole mountain, and the bells and drums in the early morning echoed one after another in Liuqing Cuiling. Due to this special historical reason, there are some absurd myths circulating in the mountains. If we don't distinguish between them and incorporate them indiscriminately, it will become a random fabrication and be laughed at by future generations. Jiang clearly saw this, with a serious attitude, unremitting spirit, profound knowledge, extraordinary wisdom and brilliant literary talent. Completed the "Emei Mountain". It fills the gap in the history of Mount Emei, and it has made great contributions to the present and left a name for future generations. I sincerely hope to remember the sages and be on an equal footing with Goodall!
197 1 year, Professor Shen Yunlong, a famous textual research and collation scientist in Taiwan Province Province, edited the Series of Famous Mountain Records in China, and published the first edition of Emei Mountain Records in the 28th year of Kangxi (1689).
Poems of Suishan is a collection of poems by Jiang Chao, most of which was written after he became a monk. Sui Mountain is the old name of Emei Mountain. The famous poet Shi (16 18- 1683) in the early Qing Dynasty wrote in the Preface to Sui 'an Poetry: "Hu Chen is a calm and sensitive genius, deliberately good at the past, unique in originality, deeply wary, and refuses to let people go thousands of miles away if he doesn't agree with a word." Wu (1609- 167 1), a great poet in the early Qing Dynasty, also spoke highly of his poems. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Li (1734- 1802), a famous Sichuan scholar, sang in the poem "Jianghuai Taishi": "I have been here for three generations, but (referring to the Imperial Academy). Only Suzhou Jianghu officials can turn over from the sea. "
Jiang Chao's academic achievements are manifold. Sun Qifeng (1585- 1675), the most famous master of park studies in the early Qing Dynasty, met with Jiang Chao in Luo Song to discuss Neo-Confucianism. He admired Jiang's excellent point of view and sighed, "Don't lose this man!" (1673- 1769), (about 1699- 1779), Pan, Wang Yinhuai, Zhang Weiping (1780-1)
Jiang Chao's conversion to Buddhism is based on the principle that although he lives at home, he has no three realms; It shows that he has a wife, often practices Sanskrit, and his belief in Buddhism is based on reason, wisdom and doubt, so it is natural to enter Buddhism, beyond his heart, without any reluctance. It can be seen that the higher the wisdom, the easier it is to be spelled by Buddhist teachings. Confucianism stresses the three immortals, namely, making meritorious deeds, establishing virtue and making statements. Jiang Chao lived in Luo Feng Temple for less than two years, but he finished writing eight languages and became a famous mountain in Tibet for later generations to recite and watch. In a limited time, the value of life has been fully exerted. In the 11th year of Kangxi (1672), Zheng Rikui, director of the Ministry of Industry and examiner after having obtained the provincial examinations in Sichuan, went to visit Jiang Chao in Khufu Temple and was moved by his spirit. He naturally has the intention of abandoning his official position and going to Zen. He said in "Two Farewells to Yangshan People in Khufu Temple": "I feel sorry for myself, but I don't appreciate the shackles. The feeling of family is sparse, and the world is implicated. " Xi Liu, the magistrate, also said in the poem "Salute to Huayang Mountain People": "I am ashamed that I have no soul all my life, and Xiao Zhong is obsessed with fame and fortune." Complain that you have strayed into the dust net and that you are mediocre. It can be seen that "Fast Away from Home" has influenced the literati.
The Qing dynasty's policy towards Buddhism almost completely inherited the policy of the Ming dynasty. It was Mao Yuanzhang who became a monk in his early years. He knows the inside story of the cult and intends to correct it. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), he summoned elders from all over the country, stipulated that monasteries were divided into three categories: Zen, Buddhism and religion, and asked monks and nuns to specialize in them separately. It is Zen monks who live in seclusion and practice far from the public, Buddhist monks who engage in teaching and research, and Zen monks who practice and learn from the scriptures. According to this standard, Jiang Chao is undoubtedly a monk. His interpretation of Buddhist theory mainly focuses on Jiang Shuo and Emei Mountain &; Middot corrected the prejudice that many people in the early Qing Dynasty blindly devoted themselves to meditation and their beliefs were not firm, and he hated monks and denounced them as parasites. It also sounded the alarm for some monks who had no intention to study and lived by confession.
There were many monks who could write poems in the early Qing Dynasty, but few were famous, only a dozen of them were Cheng Jiu, Xiao Qing, Yuan Yu, Zong Wei, Guan Ju, Xing Mi, Yong Xuan, Dan Liang and Hai Ming. Jiang Chao went through troubled times and then entered the official career, so his mood was different from that of ordinary people. His poems can freely express his feelings without being restricted by eight standards. His poems are straightforward, and there is no bad habit of carving and imitating, so the thoughts of the country and the feelings of compassion for all beings arise. His poem Jinling Old Courtyard was widely read and praised by poets. In the poem, it says, "Splendid songs are ruined, and the balcony is ruined." Wild garden is a kind of floating vegetable, which monopolizes the old spring in Qinhuai. "At that time, at the beginning of the war in southern France, Nanjing, the hometown of gold powder in the Six Dynasties, was in ruins. Looking back and thinking about the past, sadness comes from it, and its charm is naturally much higher than Qinhuai's playful works. And see the big from the small, move in silence and move in nature. Another example is the poem "Wenshuyuan": "Purple jade screen opens a Buddha banquet, and the peaks are like the sky. Occasionally, the temple was empty, and the white ape was awakened to sleep. "It describes that the temple in the late Ming Dynasty was devastated by war, and the incense was in its heyday. I can't see it now, walking in silence, blurred and quiet, clear and elegant. Ginger is natural and unrestrained, and she travels around the mountains. He saw what he wanted, he got it from his heart and sang it into a poem. He delights in famous mountains and rivers, takes ancient and modern scenic spots as the topic, and is guided by pure heart and understanding nature, which is his characteristic of becoming a monk. Judging from his poems, there were many policemen who came to Tuo Temple from Yizhou in winter, the old courtyard in Jinling, the feeling of walking in the country in spring, the trip of an honest official, and the Khufu Temple in Emei Mountain (……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "From the point of view, it is meditation, the expression of free spirit, and the pursuit of ethereal artistic conception.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xue (161693, the first abbot of Zhaojue Temple, Chengdu), a Lin Ji monk living in the southwest of China, was drunk and wrote in the poem "Send Huayang Mountain to visit Emei alone": "Wan Li bowed his staff in spring, and Emei was half idle for a day. Overlooking the sand world like jujube leaves is still dust in the eyes of tourists. " Jiang Chao's open-minded, rich and upright feelings of fame and fortune are appropriately expressed.
This "Huayang Mountain Man" ("Huayang" is an ancient name in Sichuan) wrote a record of Mount Emei. After a long illness, he went to Chengdu for treatment in the spring of the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673). After his condition was stable, he returned to Luo Feng Temple to rest. Unfortunately, he died in a temple last autumn at the age of 49. Wen Haiyuan, his best friend, buried him near Luo Feng Temple according to his wishes, and grew up with Xiushui Mountain and Songtao birdsong.
When Jiang Chao lived in seclusion in Emei Mountain, he sent a book to his friend Wang Shizhen, saying, "I am an old monk in Emei, and Wan Li belongs here." When he died, Wang was presiding over the provincial examination in Chengdu. He was shocked and sad. Looking back, you can't win by remembering the time together! After reading the Buddhist scriptures, he made a special trip to Luo Feng Temple to express his condolences to Chiang Kai-shek's grave and wrote five dharma books with tears in his eyes. Poetry cloud:
"Thirty years in the Western Qing Dynasty, after a long illness, the official moved. It suddenly occurred to me that Emei was good, but I really forgot that the Shu Road was difficult to save.
The clouds are clear and powerful, and the air in Chun Xue is very cold. Wan Li is like a buried bone, a natural white jade coffin. "
Before he died, Jiang Chao handed the manuscript of Mount Emei to Wen Haiyuan for preservation. Wen Haiyuan, who was intoxicated by Zhang Xue, presented this manuscript to Cao Xiheng, the provincial judge of Sichuan Province, and with the strong support of Cao Shi, it was published in the world in the woodcut Zhaomu in Emei Mountain in the 28th year of Kangxi (1689). In the 14th year of Daoism (1834), Hu Ling (a scholar from Heshan, Guangdong) of Emei County made a sample book for this book. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), Master Yinjiang of Modern Pure Land Sect (186 1- 1940) rebuilt the South, which was signed by Ye Gongchuo and published. Among all the editions, the revised edition in the 14th year of Daoguang (1834) is the best, and libraries in the United States, Japan and Britain regard it as a good edition.
Jiang Chao (Modern)
Party member, an outstanding China, an outstanding military commander of our army and former deputy military adviser of Hunan Military Region, Comrade Jiang Chao, died in Changsha at the age of 78 on August 28th, 2003 19: 40.
Comrade Jiang Chao, 1925+00 was born in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 1940 joined the New Fourth Army, 1943 joined China * * *. He has served as a soldier, student, cultural teacher, assistant instructor and instructor of the Special Service Battalion of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army. People's Republic of China (PRC) 43rd Army132nd Division, deputy political commissar of 394th and 395th Regiments, organization director of 40th Army Political Department, organization director of Hainan Military Region Political Department,144th Division Political Department, deputy political commissar, Hunan Military Region Logistics Department Deputy political commissar, Hunan Military Region National Defense Industry Political Department Director, Changsha Garrison Political Commissar, and 4 1 Army Deputy political commissar and political department. Won the third-class medal of independence and freedom and the third-class medal of liberation. 1988 was awarded the China People's Medal of Independence.