The Internationale is an immortal battle song of the bourgeoisie in Kubinashi. 1920, The Internationale translated into Chinese by Qu Qiubai first appeared in China. 1923, The Internationale, translated into Russian by Xiao San in Moscow and accompanied by Chen Qiaonian, began to be sung in China. The translation of 1962 was revised again. The climax of the song is in the last sentence of the chorus, which is the theme of the whole song. All translations in the world are completely transliterated: "Internalsonnell will come true."
1871On May 28th, the reactionary forces of Versailles captured the last fortress of the Paris Commune, the first proletarian regime in the world, which led to the failure of the revolution. The whole city began a massacre and countless revolutionaries fell in a pool of blood. Faced with this white terror, the French poet portal (18 16- 1888) was full of blood and wrote the magnificent lyrics of this song.
This poem, formerly known as the International Workers' Union, was published in portal's collection of poems Revolutionary Songs published in 1887. In the second year after the publication of the poetry anthology, the workers' choir in Lille, an industrial town in northern France, entrusted amateur worker De Geit to compose the poem, and the song was completed three days later. This song is Andante in B flat major, in 4/4 beats. The whole song has only one melody that runs through the beginning and the end, and three commonly used lyrics. The following is an adapted version of wind music. After the tragic overture, the deep first theme entered with its head held high, showing the unyielding integrity of the revolutionaries; The melody in the middle of the music has actually become a dominant melody (that is, F major), which is always solemn and vigorous, and the melody reveals more and more light and hope; Finally, the prelude of music reappears naturally and ends in a magnificent and bright atmosphere.
Qu Qiubai
Qu Qiubai, whose Russian name is "Overcoming Fear and Overcoming Difficulties",/kloc-0 was born in a humble gentry family in Changzhou on October 29th. I changed my name to Qushuang, Qushuang, and later it was extended from "first frost" to "Autumn White". He has been ill since he was a child, but he studies very hard. He entered Guan Ying Primary School in Changzhou at the age of 9, and was admitted to Changzhou High School before graduation. He likes to talk about current affairs and politics. 19 1 1 On the anniversary of the Revolution of 1911, he hung a white lantern with the words "national mourning" on the door of his ancestral temple to express his disappointment and dissatisfaction with the revolutionary results.
From the outside, Qu Qiubai looks exactly like a weak scholar, who has been suffering from severe lung disease for many years. When he was young, his ambition was only to be a journalist and scholar, but the revolutionary tide once pushed him to the position of the main leader of the party. In the meantime, he not only left brilliant achievements, but also made blind mistakes due to the limitations of the times and himself.
Qu Qiubai, as an intellectual with independent thoughts, grew up in suffering China. He wants to use the external "skyfire" to burn and change the whole society. During the May 4th Movement, he most appreciated the famous saying of Russian anarchist Kropotkin: a riot is worth a million books and newspapers. When the Russian civil war continued after the October Revolution, he went there on his own initiative. Although he saw that Russia became a "hungry country" because of famine, he thought that only this kind of revolution was the driving force to change poverty and backwardness. After returning home, he became the first advocate of the armed struggle within the party, reciting the strong voice of the Internationale from his sick body.
Qu Qiubai, known as a genius in the Party, was the first person to officially translate The Internationale into Chinese. 1920, when Qu Qiubai was passing through Harbin, he heard this song for the first time at the meeting of Russians celebrating the third anniversary of the October Revolution. 1923 At the turn of spring and summer, Qu Qiubai translated this song into Chinese. Previously, although Geng Jizhi and Zheng Zhenduo (both classmates of Qu Qiubai in Beijing Russian Museum) translated this song in the name of Ode to the International Third Party, they could not sing it because there was no soundtrack.
Qu Qiubai published French-translated words and annotations in New Youth magazine in June 1923, and The Internationale was sung in the society. The lyrics of the current Chinese "Internal" were retranslated and finalized by Xiao San in the early 1960s, but the word "internal" was first transliterated by Qu Qiubai.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/935, on the eve of the fall of the Central Soviet Area, Xiang Ying, secretary of the branch bureau, sent plainclothes teams to escort Qu Qiubai, He Shuheng and others, so it was inconvenient for them to fight guerrilla warfare and break through western Fujian, and they wanted to go to Shanghai in disguise from there. On the way, when the peacekeeping corps intercepted it, Qu Qiubai could not run because of severe lung disease and was captured. At first, he claimed to be just a doctor and sent a letter to Lu Xun in Shanghai in prison, hoping to get bail. Just as the case was being handled, a traitor appeared among the prisoners in the same trade and gave up his true identity.
The Kuomintang Central Committee then sent someone to claim that there was no need to issue an anti-communist statement and surrender, as long as it promised to be a translator in a subordinate institution of the Nanjing government. For this seemingly face-saving, but actually want him to give up the political principle, Qu Qiubai flatly refused. Chiang Kai-shek saw that the surrender failed and ordered the execution.
Song Xilian, a Kuomintang teacher who imprisoned Qu Qiubai, was his student at Shanghai University. To show respect for the teacher, he sent Qu Qiubai out of the prison and hosted a banquet. Qu Qiubai smiled and walked to a lawn and sat down. He said, "This place is very good", and then calmly asked Song's guards to shoot from behind his head. After being pardoned by the War Crimes Administration, Song Xilian recalled that Qu Qiubai sang his own translation of the Internationale before being executed.
The Internationale attracted Qu Qiubai deeply.
1920, Qu Qiubai, as a special correspondent, went to Moscow to inspect the situation after the October Revolution in Russia. Stop over in Harbin on the way. 165438+1On October 7th, he was invited to attend the commemoration meeting of the 3rd anniversary of the October Revolution in Harbin. At that time, the venue was crowded with people. When the host announced the meeting was over, the audience shouted "Long live", and everyone stood up and sang "The Internationale" passionately. This is the first time Zhai Qiubai has heard the Internationale. The lyrics full of revolutionary spirit and the heroic melody full of passion make Qu Qiubai full of energy, excitement and excitement.
Lenin once spoke highly of the Internationale, and he wrote in Eugénie? Poitier pointed out in his article: The Internationale is a proletarian song all over the world, but poitier's Internationale has spread its ideas all over the world. No matter which country he comes to, no matter where fate throws him, no matter how he feels that he is a foreigner, unable to speak and far away from his motherland, he can be familiar with the Internationale. Qu Qiubai was deeply attracted by The Internationale.
After arriving in the Soviet Union, Huo Qiubai heard people sing the Internationale many times in interviews, workers' gatherings and international conferences, and he himself learned the Russian Internationale.
After returning home, Qu Qiubai sang "The Internationale" for the first time in public at the 4th anniversary of the martyrdom of kpd's Liebknecht and Luxemburg's martyrs held by the Beijing Marxist Theory Research Association on the afternoon of June+10/October 65438+May 5.
The Internationale has spread all over China.
In order to make the Chinese people sing and widely spread The Internationale, in May and June of the same year, Qu Qiubai lived in his cousin Qu Chunbai's house and translated the original (French) lyrics of The Internationale into Chinese. On a small organ at my cousin's house, he played the piano according to the score and sang Chinese translation for an interview.
The word "Internationale" in the French lyrics of "Internationale" has five syllables. If translated into Chinese, there are only two syllables. The difference between the two is three syllables, which is not very good to sing. Qu Qiubai sang and pondered repeatedly, and finally decided to transliterate it as "Indra Saunal" (now translated as "Indra Saunal"). Although the translated words of The Internationale have been revised many times and are quite different from those of Qu Qiubai, the translation of the word The Internationale still retains the transliteration technique of Qu Qiubai.
On June 5th 1923, the first issue of "New Youth" edited by Qu Qiubai was published, and the lyrics of "Internationale" translated by Qu Qiubai were published without signature. In the postscript before the lyrics of The Internationale, Qu Qiubai expressed his motivation and purpose of translating The Internationale, in order to "make the oppressed working civilians in China and the world proletariat" respond in unison ".
On June 20th, all the delegates of the Third National Congress of China held a memorial service in front of the tomb of the martyrs in Huanghuagang. Under the command of Qu Qiubai, everyone sang the internationale they learned during the meeting. The Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was successfully concluded with the singing of The Internationale.
Qu Qiubai sang "The Internationale of the World Proletarians" from abroad to China and spread it from abroad to China. When he was in Peiping, he taught his translated Internationale to relatives and friends and patriotic youth to sing. After working in Shanghai, he taught comrades, workers and students in the party to sing; In Guangzhou, he taught the workers and comrades in the peasant sports workshop to sing.
1924 On May 5th, Shanghai University held the commemoration meeting of Marx's birthday 106. At the meeting, Qu Qiubai made a speech and sang "The Internationale" with Ren. The majestic singing ignited the passion of the participants, and the students who can sing this song under the stage also sang aloud. The magnificent singing on the stage pushed the atmosphere of the meeting to a climax.
Qu Qiubai not only translated, introduced and disseminated The Internationale, but more importantly, he practiced The Internationale all his life. He devoted his life to the profound connotation and revolutionary spirit of The Internationale. At the last moment of his life, he sang the strongest sound and the highest melody of the Internationale with his blood and life. Later, Mao Zedong spoke highly of Qu Qiubai in an article commenting on Twenty-four History, praising him for "dying with his life, which is not great".