Wei Yan's background and resume are unknown. The biography of the Three Kingdoms Wei Yan said that he was "a native of Yiyang, and the trilogy went to Shu with his predecessor". Yiyang County (now northwest of Xinyang City, Henan Province) belongs to Nanyang County, Jingzhou, Eastern Han Dynasty. The so-called "trilogy", according to "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Baiguan", said: "Its leaders all have trilogy, with five generals in barracks, one captain in the Ministry and one army horse, that is, more than 2,000 stones. Song, Qu and a military commander are under his command. The rest of the generals are placed in the army and have no staff positions. There are still some songs, and Sima and Wu will lead the troops. " It can be seen that the trilogy was originally the name of the three-level compilation in the Han army. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a warlord regime based on aristocratic landlords and aristocratic families was formed. The warlord organized his own army with the military organizational system of "Buqu", so Buqu became a private arm of a powerful landlord separatist force. Wei Yan followed Liu Bei into Sichuan as a trilogy. Although his position is not high, he is a direct branch of Liu Bei's army, and he is by no means a general (according to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Yan was originally a ministry of Liu Biao, and later killed Han Xuan and dedicated Changsha to Liu Bei, which was totally fabricated). Because of its "several military exploits, it is a general who moves his teeth." The biography of the reflection of Wei Yan, Volume 40.

From 22 to 24 years of Jian 'an, Liu Bei used the correct strategy to promote the country and won Hanzhong County, a military town, from Cao Cao. At this point, the tripartite confrontation between the three countries was formally formed. Liu Bei claimed to be the king of Hanzhong, expressing his rival with Cao Cao. Soon, Liu Bei returned to Chengdu, and before he left, he "took the town of Hanchuan". . Why does Liu Bei attach so much importance to the general candidates guarding Hanzhong? Because the basic ruling area of Shu and Han is the Sichuan Basin centered on Chengdu Plain, Hanzhong County is located between Guanzhong and Bashu, which belongs to the junction of the two regions. In order to ensure the safety of the base area, it is necessary for Shu to deploy heavy troops on the enemy's border.

There are many discussions about the importance of Hanzhong at that time and later generations. Yang Hong once said to Zhuge Liangyun, "Hanzhong has a good throat and a chance to live. Without Hanzhong, there would be no Shu State, and this family would be in trouble. " Reflection, vol. 4 1, Yang Hongchuan. Huang Quan also said, "If we lose Hanzhong, the No.3 bus will be sluggish. This is the arm of cutting Shu. " The reflection of Huang Quan, volume 43. Gu Zuyu, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Hanzhong County looks at Guanzhong in the north, Bashu in the south, Xiang Deng in the east and Qin Long in the west. The situation is the most serious. " Gu Zuyu: Summary of Reading Historical Records, Volume 56. If Cao Wei occupied Hanzhong, it would seriously threaten Bashu. For example, in the twentieth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao Ping and Zhang Lu said that "if Hanzhong is broken, the people of Shu will be shocked" and "there are dozens of raiders in Shu, even if they are prepared, they will be uneasy". The reflection, Volume 14, Biography of Liu Ye quotes Fu Zi. If Shu gets here, it can not only protect the security of Jiange and Chengdu, but also make it the foundation of the Northern Expedition. For Shu Han, Hanzhong is as important as Jingzhou. Based on this, how could Liu Can Bay not make careful consideration? Liu Bei's famous men are Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Zhao Yun and Huang Zhong. Liu Bei relied most on Guan Yu, but he was guarding Jingzhou and could not be transferred from the original defense zone. Zhao Yun's main duty at that time was to "take care of internal affairs", that is, Liu Bei was in charge of Liu Bei's palace affairs because of "seriousness". "The reflection" volume 36 "Zhao Yunchuan", cited cloud biography. Although Huang Zhong is brave, he is old after all. Ma Chao is famous, but because he is a surrenderer who "trekked back to China", The History of the Three Kingdoms is forty biographies of Peng Yang. Liu Bei doesn't trust him very much. In this case, it seems that the best person to guard Hanzhong is Zhang Fei. Moreover, "many people think that it must be in Zhang Fei, and flying is also self-sufficient." However, to everyone's surprise, "the late Lord was appointed as Hanzhong satrap, Zhenyuan general and Hanzhong satrap." Regardless of Zhang Fei's emotions and the discussion of the whole army, Liu Bei made an exception and appointed Wei Yan, which not only reflected Wei Yan's excellent military command ability, but also reflected that Wei Yan won Liu Bei's trust. If Wei Yan "has an anti-bone behind his head", how can he shoulder this heavy responsibility?

Imitating the story of Liu Bang's worship of Han Xin as a general at the altar, Liu Bei met the ministers when he made Wei Yan the satrap of Hanzhong, and deliberately asked Wei Yan face to face at the banquet: "What is your wish to live in a big house?" Yan Dun said,' If Cao Cao comes from all over the world, please refuse it for the king and send 100 thousand people instead, so please swallow it for the king.' Grandfather said well, minister is strong. "The reflection" volume 40 "biography of wei yan. Of course, everyone can say grandiloquence, so what is Wei Yan's actual achievement in guarding Hanzhong? "The Story of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Weichuan" said: "My first Lord stayed in Hanzhong and Wei Yan Town, surrounded by soldiers to prevent foreign enemies. If the enemy attacks, he can't get in. And in the campaign to publicize the situation, Wang Ping rejected Cao Shuang and accepted it. " When Jiang Wei was in Hanzhong, he thought that Wei Yan's military deployment "conformed to the meaning of" emphasizing the door "in Zhouyi", but he could only guarantee that he would not lose his land, but he could not kill the enemy in large numbers. So he changed Wei Yan's policy of keeping the enemy out of the country, abandoned Hanzhong's peripheral strongholds, withdrew troops from Han and Yue, and adopted the practice of clearing the field to lure the enemy into the basin, which he thought was "a pity"

For Jiang Wei's adjustment of military deployment, historians of past dynasties considered it a major mistake, which laid a curse for the fall of Hanzhong and the demise of Shu. Guo's "Letters" profoundly discussed this point. He said: "The gateway of Shu is Hanzhong. Jiang retired to Hanshou and withdrew from Hanzhong, but simply pulled it out first in order to take a chance. Different clocks will keep going forward, and no one has ever kept it, but the enemy has always been happy with his success. At the beginning, Wargo didn't need Jiangyou. Shu was exhausted and the wise couldn't see it. Alas, Jiang died in Shu. " It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's successor, Jiang Wei, is far less talented than Wei Yan, because Wei Yan has been guarding Hanzhong for fifteen years, and Hanzhong is impregnable and has not allowed an enemy soldier to enter his own defense zone. Wang Ping, who took over, completely followed Wei Yan's established policy and defeated hundreds of Wei Jun led by Cao Shuang in the prosperous times. Jiang Wei easily changed Wei Yan's strategic deployment, but it directly led to the demise of Shu Han. Wei and Jiang's military talents are not obvious at a glance! Therefore, Liu Bei is indeed much better than Zhuge Liang in employing people and knowing people.

Wei Yanyong jumped over the man. He galloped on the battlefield, invincible, invincible. In Cao Wei, except Sima Yi, not many people can compare with Wei Yan. In the eighth year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 230), Wei Yan led his troops to war. "In the west, there are generals Fei Yao, Guo Huai, and Yongzhou, and they fought in the west and extended the Huai River." History of the Three Kingdoms (Volume 40) Biography of Wei Yan. . This battle was not commanded by Zhuge Liang, but by Wei Yan alone. Opponent Guo Huai, a leading general in Cao Wei's Kansai region, is known as "Ask Qin Yong for a detailed plan". Guo Huai once defeated Ma Su, saying, "Destroy Liaohua, Escape Taiping", The History of the Three Kingdoms, Volume 26, Biography of Guo Huai. Even if Zhuge Liang is afraid of him, Wei Yan can "break the Huaihe River, etc." . In addition, in Zhuge Liang's several northern expeditions, Wei Yan also made outstanding achievements. Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang quoted Hanshu Jin Shu Chun Qiu as saying: "(referring to Sima Yi) changed the case to light, which made Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban reject it, which was a big break. Get three thousand private, five thousand armor and three thousand one hundred crossbows. History books say that Sima Yi is "as afraid of Shu as a tiger". This "Shu" refers not only to Zhuge Liang, but also to Wei Yan, I am afraid.

As far as running the army is concerned, Wei Yan's "raising soldiers" is not the same as Zhang Yide's "killing athletes badly every day", but similar to Guan Yu's "being kind to soldiers". The reflection, volume 36, Zhang Feichuan. From this point of view, Wei's army can stand alone, defeat the enemy, run the army well, and be brave and good at fighting, which is by no means inferior to Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and other first-class generals in Shu and Han Dynasties.

During Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, Wei Yan put forward the strategy of surprise attack on Chang 'an in Ziwu Valley: "I heard that Xiahou Mao (the town of Chang 'an) was sparsely populated, and my husband was timid and had no plan. "Today we will delay five thousand chosen men and lose five thousand grain. Let's go straight from Baochu, follow the Qinling Mountains to the east, and go north at noon. We can reach Chang 'an on the 10th. When Mao heard that the election was postponed, he would take a boat to escape. In Chang 'an, only Shi Yu, Jingzhao Taishouer, Hengmen Dige and Sanren Valley feed. Compared with the east, there are still 20 days, and people will come from Xiegu. In this way, the west of Xianyang can be settled in one fell swoop. "Zhuge Liang said:" In view of this, it is better to be practical and secure, and it is advisable to have Longyou Ping, so everything will win without danger. The biography of the reflection of Wei Yan, volume 40, quoted from Wei lue. Therefore, his opinion was not adopted.

The dispute between Zhuge Liang and Wei Yan over the route of the Northern Expedition aroused great interest of later historians, and they argued endlessly. Some scholars believe that Wei Yan led 5,000 elite soldiers and made praise, and his suggestion was "ingenious". From the meridian valley to attack Chang 'an, Zhuge Liang led his army out of the oblique valley to meet the enemy in Chang 'an. "In this way, the west of Xianyang can be settled in one fell swoop." If Zhuge Liang adopted it, it is likely that the Northern Expedition has been successful. Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang is almost as timid as a mouse. Other historians support Zhuge Liang's strategy of "taking the main road safely and taking Longyou peacefully", thinking that the meridian valley is a shortcut, but the feasibility is extremely small. There are four main reasons for its opposition: First, the Ziwu Valley road is narrow and dangerous, with a very high risk factor. Once Wei Jun fell into the valley, it was in vain and the whole army was wiped out; Second, Xiahou Mao may not abandon the city and flee; Third, even if Chang' an is captured, it may not be able to hold it; Fourth, in case of failure, the Shu army, which is already short of troops, will suffer too much.

History of the Three Kingdoms Wei Yan Biography of the Three Kingdoms Volume Forty Shu Books Ten Liu Pengliao Li Liu Wei Yang Biography

Wei Yan is long and Yiyang people are also. With a trilogy, he went to Shu with his predecessor, counted the meritorious military service, and moved the yamen to be a general. My predecessor was the king of Hanzhong, who moved the capital to Chengdu, and when it matters, Hanchuan will be the town. Many people think that he must be flying with his heart in Zhang Fei. The late Lord appointed Yan as the commander-in-chief of Hanzhong Town and took charge of Hanzhong Prefecture, which surprised the whole army. The ministers of the first congregation asked Yan, "Do you want to be born today?" Yan Dun said, "If Cao Cao comes from all corners of the country, please refuse him; I will send 100,000 people, please swallow it for the king. " Grandfather said it well, and people speak louder than words. My Lord rewarded me and went to worship General Zhenbei. In the first year of lite, the capital was sealed. In five years, Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong, with Yan as the front overseer, and led Sima and Liangzhou, the prime ministers, to enter Qiang in eight years. After the Wei Dynasty, General Fei Yao, Zhou Yong, Guo Huai and Yan Yan fought in Yangxi, and Yan Da broke the Huai River. , and moved to the former general of the military division to levy the west, on holidays, into the seal of Nanzheng Hou.

Every show has to recruit 10,000 soldiers. In Tongguan, you will meet a bright road, such as the story of Han Xin, which makes it bright but not allowed. Procrastination is often called brightness, timidity, sighing and hating yourself are endless. Ayan is not only good at raising foot soldiers, but also brave and arrogant, so he avoided it at that time. Only Yang Yi doesn't delay under the guise of delay, which is like fire and water. In 12 years, he showed off Beigukou and became a striker. Ten miles away from the bright camp, Meng Yan wore horns on her head and asked Zhao Zhi who was dreaming. He lied and said, "Husband Kirin has horns, so it's unnecessary. It's like a thief trying to break himself without fighting. " Retreat and tell people: "the corner is the word, which can be used under the sword; It's fierce to use a knife on your head. "

A Wei said briefly: Xiahou Mao is a general of Anxi, whose town is Chang 'an, and he is more eloquent than Nan Zheng and his ministers. He said, "I heard that Xiahou Mao is young and his husband is timid and has no plan. Today, 5,000 elite soldiers will be delayed and 5,000 grain will be lost. Let's go straight from Baochu, follow the Qinling Mountains to the east, and go north at noon. We can reach Chang 'an on the 10th. When Mao heard that the election was postponed, he would take a boat to escape. In Chang 'an, only Shi Yu, Jingzhao Taishouer, Hengmen Dige and Sanren Valley feed. Compared with the east, there are still 20 days, and people will come from Xiegu. In this way, the west of Xianyang can be settled in one fell swoop. "Bright for this county, it is best to be safe from the road, you can take Longyouping, everything will be safe, so there is no need to delay.

In autumn, it was bright and sickly, and Yang Yi, Sima Fei Yi and Jiang Wei, the garrison army, withdrew their troops recently, delaying Jiang Wei's second place; If we delay or disobey, the army will be spontaneous. The light is suitable for death, and the secret is not lost. Instrument makes it easy to remove the overtones. Yan said, "Although the Prime Minister is dead, I have seen him today. If the government has a close relationship with the official family, the funeral can be buried. I should lead all the troops to attack thieves. Why should I use one person to kill the evil in the world? And who is Wei Yan? When Yang Yi slaps his hand, he makes a clean break! " As part of his trip with Yi, Yi signed his name in calligraphy, and he told the generals. Yan said, "When you are a monarch, you should understand Yang Changshi. If you are a long-time historian, you will not disobey the order. " Easy to go out and gallop away, only to find regret late, it is too late to chase. Delayed the dispatch of personnel and documents, and then made the case bright and formal, and each battalion led the troops back. Delay great anger, (only) [mixed] documents have not been issued, go south first and burn to death. Delay and instrument rebellion, one day, feather pay. He asked his servants, Dong Yun, prefect Jiang Wan and Wan, and Wan promised to wait for a while. I waited for the Chashan passage, and it was delayed day and night. Yan Xian arrived, and according to Nangukou, he sent his troops to attack the instrument. And the instrument ordered He Ping to delay in advance. Ping Yan went first and said, "You're dead, but your body is not cold. How dare you? " Knowing that Song was delayed, Yan Shizhong dispersed the army. Yan Dou and his son fled to Hanzhong. I sent Ma Dai to chase him down. He bowed to me, and I stepped on him and said, "I am a slave! Can you do evil again? " Sui and Yi expanded the three clans. At the beginning, Jiang Wan led Suweiying to the north, with a few miles. When he died, he asked, but it was a rotation. The original intention is not to return Wei from the north to the south, but to kill the instrument. On weekdays, generals are different, and when it comes to time, they must be replaced by light ones. This means so. It is not convenient to betray. one

A Wei said briefly: Zhuge Liang is ill, which means that after I die, be careful not to come back. Let Yan handle his own affairs and hold his funeral in secret. He went into hiding and was praised, but he was sent out in mourning. Yang Yisu, the long history of the Liang Dynasty, was at odds with Yan, who took military merit and was afraid of being killed. So Zhang Yanyan wanted more people to go to the north, so he led them to attack Yan. Yan Ben had no intention of fighting the army, but pursued it. I am not allowed to argue with this biography about this rumor.