I. Introduction The Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction formulated by China Development and Reform Commission has determined the targets and overall requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction in China in 20 10. According to the 11th Five-Year Plan of China, by 20 10, the energy consumption per ten thousand yuan of GDP will be reduced from 1. From 22 tons of standard coal to below 1 ton of standard coal in 2005, the decrease is about 20%. Unit industrial water consumption is reduced by 30%; The total discharge of major pollutants decreased by 10%, in which the discharge of sulfur dioxide decreased from 25.49 million tons in 2005 to 22.95 million tons, and the chemical oxygen demand decreased from 14 1400 tons to12.73 million tons. The sewage treatment rate in cities above the prefecture level is not less than 70%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste exceeds 60%. This policy is expected to have a significant impact on the chemical industry in China. 2. China's petroleum and chemical industries are facing severe energy-saving challenges. The main reasons are: First, the energy supply is increasingly tight, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the requirements for environmental protection are getting higher and higher. Second, energy consumption is high, product energy consumption is high, and energy cost accounts for a large proportion in product cost. In China, petroleum and chemical industries are not only energy and raw materials industries, but also industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and are large energy consumers. In 2005, China petroleum and chemical industry consumed 360.72 million tons of standard coal, accounting for 16.2% of China's total energy consumption and 22.8% of industrial energy consumption. Energy costs account for a large proportion in the cost of chemical products, with high-energy products accounting for 60%-70% and general products accounting for 20%-30%. The energy consumption of major energy-consuming industries such as nitrogen fertilizer, soda ash, caustic soda, calcium carbide and yellow phosphorus accounts for about 60% of the total energy consumption of the chemical industry. In addition, wastewater, waste gas and solid waste produced by petroleum and chemical industries rank among the top five in China. The petrochemical industry has a long way to go to save energy and reduce consumption. Therefore, the chemical industry in China will be severely impacted by the implementation of the central policy of energy conservation and emission reduction, and energy conservation and industrial structure adjustment are inevitable directions. Three. The policy of energy saving and emission reduction has a great impact on the two sub-sectors of dyes and PVC (I) The impact of energy saving and emission reduction on the dye industry. In China, wastewater discharge is restricted, and small factories are forced to limit production or stop production, resulting in a decrease in the supply of dyes and other chemicals, and the supply of dyes continues to be tight. Since the beginning of the year, the output of dyes has shown a downward trend, in which the output of disperse dyes with more wastewater discharge has decreased by about 30%, while the output of reactive dyes with less wastewater discharge has increased rapidly and the product structure has been adjusted. (II) Impact of energy conservation and emission reduction on PVC industry 1. PVC production is divided into ethylene method and calcium carbide method. Ethylene process is widely used, with the advantages of large-scale production equipment, easy pollution control and low energy consumption. However, because it is linked to the oil price, the production cost is often higher. Recently, the price of crude oil continues to rise, which makes the prices of VCM and EDC, the raw materials used in ethylene process, remain high, which is undoubtedly worse for most domestic ethylene process manufacturers who rely on imports. In contrast, it is easier to reduce the cost of PVC production by calcium carbide method. China is rich in coal and raw salt resources. PVC produced by calcium carbide method is made of this raw material, and its production capacity has expanded rapidly in recent years. However, due to the improvement of domestic environmental protection and the increase of electricity price, the price of calcium carbide has risen sharply this year, which has aggravated the cost pressure of PVC by calcium carbide method. Nevertheless, the calcium carbide process will still occupy a very important position in the production of PVC in China in the future. At present, 70% of domestic PVC production capacity is calcium carbide process. 2. The national energy conservation and emission reduction limit the capacity of calcium carbide and inhibit the operating rate. The objectives of structural adjustment of calcium carbide industry in China include: ■ shutting down and eliminating calcium carbide furnaces below 1000 tons/year, opening calcium carbide furnaces and calcium carbide furnaces with substandard discharge. ■ Strictly control the new calcium carbide project, so that its production capacity can meet the market demand within three years. ■ Strengthen emission control and pollution control, and all pollutants discharged by calcium carbide production enterprises should meet the requirements of environmental protection. ■ Strengthen the examination and approval management, develop large-scale and modern calcium carbide production equipment, adjust the industry structure, and improve the overall technical level and industrial concentration of the industry. 3. With the increase of resources and calcium carbide prices, the cost rises and the price of PVC rises. There are two reasons for the price increase of calcium carbide: the differential electricity price in high energy-consuming industries increases the power cost; Closing small calcium carbide production can reduce calcium carbide production and tighten supply. As the price of coal, coke and electricity is expected to rise, the cost will still rise; China will continue to rectify the production capacity of calcium carbide, and the supply of calcium carbide may still be tight; It is expected that the price of calcium carbide will continue to rise, pushing up the price of PVC. Four. Measures that the chemical industry should take in the face of energy conservation and emission reduction policies According to China's 11th Five-Year Plan, by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP will be reduced by about 20% compared with that at the end of the 10th Five-Year Plan, which is the first time to set a restrictive target for energy conservation. Energy conservation must be multi-pronged and multi-faceted. Starting from the petroleum and chemical industries, effective measures are taken through the following steps: (1) Strengthening technological innovation: relying on technological innovation to do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction. Technological progress is the main support and important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. There are many successful examples of chemical industry relying on technological progress to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. For example, phosphogypsum discharged in the process of phosphate fertilizer production is a kind of waste, and manufacturers can only pile it up in large quantities for a long time, which not only occupies land, but also pollutes the environment, especially groundwater. China Lubei Chemical Industry Group and other units, through technological progress, turn this waste into treasure as raw materials for the production of sulfuric acid and cement. Since then, enterprises have reduced environmental pollution and fully realized comprehensive utilization when producing phosphate fertilizer, which is the result of technological progress. (2) Improve the performance of chemical environmental protection equipment: With the implementation of total pollutant emission control, stricter pollutant emission standards and cleaner production in China, the performance and technology of chemical environmental protection equipment also need to evolve, providing technical support for cleaner production and environmental protection through scientific and technological progress. Defects in quality, inadaptability of material properties and quality, and poor applicability of a few products are important factors affecting the quality stability of chemical environmental protection equipment and must be improved. At the same time, improving the proportion of high-tech products and the level of major technical equipment, creating key technologies to develop technical equipment lacking in this field and environmentally friendly mechanical products with high efficiency and low cost are important topics to improve product satisfaction at present and in the future. According to the latest research of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, as China will surpass the United States and become the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has already felt the pressure of international emission reduction, which will hit Taiwanese businessmen who are under the pressure of macro-control and production costs again. China Municipal Government implemented the policy of energy conservation and emission reduction, and severely banned and rectified industries with high energy consumption and high pollution. As long as it is found that it does not meet the requirements of environmental protection, it will be forced to close the factory or move. In the face of this wave of environmental storm in Chinese mainland, it is difficult for traditional Taiwanese businessmen to rectify, and mainland Taiwanese businessmen will suffer three major impacts: First, the cost of building a factory will increase or the plan for building a factory will be blocked; The second is to cancel the export tax rebate rate for products with high energy consumption and one capital; Third, the cost of environmental protection will increase. In order to avoid industrial pollution, the mainland is implementing strict environmental protection laws or inspections focusing on chemical, hardware, electroplating, textile dyeing and finishing industries. As a result, Taiwan-funded enterprises involved in these high pollution, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, will be forced to set up factories in a centralized way, which will not only face a new wave of migration shocks, but also cause shutdown losses due to relocation. Author: Xiao Jinhui Petrochemical Polymer (this article is taken from ITIS Industrial Information Service Network 2007/116) Reference:

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