Chen Sheng lit the first fire of the revolution, which quickly spread to half of China. Shortly after Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime, in September of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC, two months after the war in Chen Sheng), Xiang Liang and an uncle of Xiang Yu fought in Jiangdong. (Click to view Daze Township Uprising)
Also in September of the first year, in Pei County, an idle rogue named Liu Bang took a group of wings, and they also raised a team to fight the banner of revolution.
At the same time, Tian Xian, the royal family of Qi, was revived in Qi. Wei Wei, the son of Wei, also became Wang Wei.
Chen Sheng's subordinate, Chen Wu, established himself as the king of Zhao after laying the land of Zhao. Hanbitsoft established himself as the Prince of Yan.
The situation at that time seemed to return to the situation of constant disputes among countries during the Warring States Period, which could be called the "post-Warring States Period".
Daze Township Uprising was like a cancer cell to Qin Empire, which spread to the internal organs of Qin Empire with lightning speed. No matter how powerful the Qin empire is, it can't stand the erosion of cancer cells, and soon its huge body will collapse.
But I still have to struggle before I die, and there are even signs of coming back to life.
Go straight to the lair of the Qin empire
After the establishment of Zhang Chu regime, the struggle between Chen Sheng peasant uprising army and Qin government has undergone a qualitative change. Shengzai Chen's prestige was extremely high at that time, and heroes from all walks of life poured in. At that time, Chen Sheng focused on all kinds of heroes.
In Chenjun, Chen Sheng made military arrangements: he appointed Guangwu as the acting king of Chu, led his army to the west, headed for Xingyang, and then made progress in the lair of Qin Dynasty. Guangwu's expedition to the west was smooth, defeated the enemies along the way and surrounded Xingyang.
At that time, the general guarding Xingyang was Li You, the son of Prime Minister Li Si. He held the city gate, and Guangwu could not attack it anyway, so the war fell into a stalemate.
After that, Chen Sheng changed its strategic deployment and decided to bypass Xingyang and attack Hanguguan directly.
Hanguguan is the east gate of the capital of Qin. It is 7.5 kilometers long from east to west, and only one car is allowed to pass. As we all know, "one person's strength is above ten thousand people".
This pass is a solid barrier to the east of Qin. With this pass, Qin can keep the six countries out of Dongguan. In 24 1 year BC, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Wei and other countries jointly attacked the state of Qin, arrived at Hanguguan, and were defeated.
In a word, Hangu Pass is the last line of defense of Qin State. As long as we hold this level, we can hold the hinterland of Guanzhong.
Chen Sheng decided to bypass Xingyang and attack Hanguguan directly, and sent a general named Zhou Wen. Zhou Wen was ordered to lead an army straight to Hangu Pass, and unexpectedly breached Hangu Pass.
This is a great victory for the Zhang Chu regime. After Zhou Wen entered the customs, he continued to advance to Xianyang and reached the gate of Qin.
At this time, there are hundreds of thousands of military vehicles in Zhou Wenjun, which are vast and magnificent. Zhou Wenzhai camped on the east bank of Shuidong, preparing to further attack Xianyang, the capital of Qin Empire.
How should the Qin Empire deal with the revolutionary masses in Enemy at the Gates? Can the Qin Empire still maintain the beating of the heart?
Zhang Han was born.
Qin Ting was shocked when he learned that Hangu Pass was lost. Facing the flying war, Qin Ershi Hu Hai devoted all her energy to playing with beautiful women. At this time, as soon as he heard that the enemy was knocking at the door, he was very scared.
In this critical autumn, there appeared a man who saved the day and extended the life of the Daqin Empire for a period of time. The Qin empire was like a dying patient who was injected with a shot of cardiotonic agent and instantly glowed again.
This man's name is Zhang Han, which was unknown before, but he will be known by later generations as a famous star of the Daqin Empire.
When Zhou Wen led the army to intimidate Xianyang, Zhang Han was supervising the construction of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum in Lishan.
When he heard that Xianyang was in danger, he hurried back from Lishan to tell the military situation. At that time, the imperial forces were mobilized, and Xianyang forces were empty. The enemy is just outside the city, and it is too late to transfer troops nearby.
Zhang Han made a bold suggestion: At that time, there were many torturers who built the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, so it is better to pardon these people, give them weapons and incorporate them into the army, and let them immediately participate in the war nearby.
The arrival of Zhang Han, like the brightest star in the night sky, instantly lit up the whole of Qin Ting. Ii immediately agreed to Zhang Han's suggestion and appointed him as the general to resist Zhou Wenjun's attack. At this point, the fate of the Qin empire has been completely tied to Zhang Han.
When Historical Records recorded this incident, it only used the following words: "Qin ordered junior officials to spare the children of Li Mountain disciples and slaves and sent them to attack the Chu army." .
But there are difficulties behind these words that we can't imagine. Let alone let hundreds of thousands of criminals without any military training take up arms to fight, even if these hundreds of thousands of people are effectively organized, it is not a simple matter, but under the training of Zhang Han, these hundreds of thousands of criminals have become an army with strong combat effectiveness.
We can't imagine how Zhang Han turned these torturers who were moving bricks and doing coolies yesterday into soldiers in an instant. This is probably a military genius. A real army is easy to get, but a general is hard to find.
Zhang Han led this group of people and started his wonderful performance in the following year. Everywhere he went, he abused his opponent crazily, and the tenacity of Qin Bing was once again verified.
After Zhang Han organized criminals, he drove his team to the West Bank to play with water, and then attacked Zhou Wenjun. Zhou Wenjun was intoxicated with the victory of breaking the Hangu Pass, but he was defeated and withdrew from Hangu Pass.
Qin Jun's fighting capacity is strong, and Zhang Han's military genius is one of the reasons. Another reason is that Qin has been implementing the military system since Shang Yang's political reform. No matter where you come from, you can't be promoted as long as you don't make meritorious deeds on the battlefield. On the contrary, even if you are a civilian, as long as you have made meritorious military service, you may be awarded a knighthood.
The so-called meritorious military service is to see who cuts more heads on the battlefield, and the more heads cut, the greater the contribution. Therefore, the soldiers of the State of Qin saw each other's enemies on the battlefield, just as they saw glittering gold, and their eyes were red. The soldiers of the state of Qin are a pack of wolves on the battlefield, and when they chop people, they are deadly. Therefore, the State of Qin is also known as "the country that makes contributions first", and the army of the State of Qin is known as "the teacher of tigers and wolves".
Bobby Chen was killed by his driver.
In September of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), two months before the Chen Sheng uprising, Zhang Han defeated Zhou Wen and recovered Hangu Pass.
In November of the first year of Qin Ershi, after two months of preparation, Zhang Han led a large army to go through the customs and launched a general attack on the enemy.
Zhang Han went to Cao Yang first, and then went to war with Zhou Wenjun. Zhou Wenjun was defeated and retreated to Mianchi. Zhang Han gave chase until Mianchi continued to fight. As a result, Zhou Wen was defeated again and finally committed suicide.
From then on, Zhang Han almost never met his opponent, and whoever was caught was wiped out, which was unstoppable.
Finally arrived in Chen County, the capital of Zhang Chu regime. Chen Sheng, the king of Chu, personally went out to meet him. The result of the fierce battle between the two armies was not unexpected, but Zhang Han won a great victory.
Chen Sheng was forced to abandon Chen County and retreat to Ruyin (now Fuyang, Anhui Province). When Chen Sheng ran to his father in Xiacheng (now southeast of Yang Guo, Anhui Province), Chen Sheng was killed by his driver Zhuang Jia, who surrendered to Qin Jun and the Zhang Chu regime was declared dead.
It was only half a year from the Daze Township Uprising to the elimination of the Zhang Chu regime, which was like a flash in the pan. Although this regime is short-lived, it is of great significance.
Chen Sheng was the first peasant uprising in the history of China, and it was Chen Sheng's first significance that triggered a series of chain reactions. Bobby Chen was the first person to spread the revolutionary flame to the world.
People who start a career are often not people who finish it. Bobby Chen is the forerunner, and his successor will take over the baton from him. It is precisely because of the emergence of these successors that the stage of history will become more exciting.
Why did Bobby Chen come and go in a hurry?
The reason why the Zhang Chu regime was destroyed in six months is worth pondering.
(A) short-sighted, narrow pattern.
When Chen Sheng occupied Chen County, heroes from all walks of life came to him with great momentum. In this case, Chen Jun's senior heroes advised Chen Sheng to stand on his own feet as king.
Some people have objections. For example, he said, "Qin is the most helpless country, which destroyed the homes of the people of the six countries." People nowadays can't stand the tyranny of Qin. General, you risked your life to attack the state of Qin, just to kill the people all over the world.
But as soon as you get to Chen county, you want to be king yourself. This is to show your selfishness to the whole world! I hope you, general, don't be king on your own. Instead, we should quickly lead the army to the west and send people to support the descendants of the six countries, so that the descendants of the six countries can appreciate you and obey you.
In this way, there are more enemies in the state of Qin, and the troops are scattered. In this way, there will be no resistance in the wild, and you can go straight to Xianyang, the capital of Qin State, to order the vassal state. The ruined vassal state is resurrected. You apply for benevolent government to make them obey, and your imperial career is completed! Now that you have got Chen County, you are the king. I'm afraid it will relax the morale of the whole world. "
Zhang Er and Chen Yu's words were far-sighted, planning a broad road for Bobby Chen's imperial industry. However, Bobby Chen is small and selfish. Instead of taking their advice, he became king himself. This is tantamount to announcing to the world that I, Bobby Chen, am fighting for my own interests, and it has nothing to do with you! Completely chilled the hearts of heroes all over the world.
Later, Xiang Yu learned this lesson. Xiang Yu adopted Fan Zeng's advice when he became king. Fan Zeng said, "Why did Chen Sheng fail in the first place? It is because he stood on his own feet as king that he did not become a descendant of Chu. Chu was the most innocent when the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Six Kingdoms. If Chen Sheng rises up against Qin and does not support the descendants of the King of Chu, it will not last long. "
(2) You can share joys and sorrows, but you can't be rich together.
According to Historical Records, after Chen Jun of Shengzai Chen became king, the old man who worked with him for the landlord's family also heard about it. He thinks Chen Sheng is developed, so go ahead and help the brothers. Chen Sheng once said, "Get rich and never forget each other." He remembers everything.
So this guy came to visit Chen Sheng in Chen County. Outside the palace gate, he shouted, "I want to see Chen She".
These poor people at the bottom have no manners at all. Seeing that the man dared to call Bobby Chen by his first name, the guard at the gate tied him up with a rope.
As luck would have it, Chen Sheng came out of the palace at this time. As soon as the guests saw Bobby Chen, they stopped Bobby Chen's car in the middle of the road. Bobby Chen, turned out to be the old chap. Take a bus home with me.
When I arrived at the palace, this guy who cooks in the mud pit every day was instantly shocked by this magnificent palace, just like Granny Liu entered the Grand View Garden. This is also a good opportunity for Bobby Chen to show off. When he met those guys in those years, he also wanted to show his elegance. He was treated with wine and food.
Dude, I stopped opening the door after eating and drinking, talking nonsense about some shady things that Bobby Chen did in those days.
This peasant brother is not a bit mean. He just wants to get close to Bobby Chen and get some benefits. However, people around Chen Sheng were not satisfied, so they said to Chen Sheng, "This man said something detrimental to the glorious image of the king. If this continues, it will reduce the majesty of the king. "
Bobby Chen made a big mistake when he was hot-headed, and cut off his old buddy's head. Bobby Chen has forgotten the oath of "Never forget wealth" and his old buddy.
The other brothers saw that this was not the Bobby Chen who could talk and laugh in those days, and left in succession.
Similar things are also recorded in Zi Tongzhi Jian.
After Chen Sheng became king, his wife and father-in-law also went to defect. However, Bobby Chen is very proud. He treats his father-in-law just like other ordinary people. He just bowed, not bowed. The atmosphere was awkward.
Bobby Chen's attitude made my father-in-law lose face. The old man said angrily, "It is impossible to surpass the title of self-proclaimed emperor and be arrogant and rude to the old man by rebellion!" " Then he left without saying goodbye. Bobby Chen also realized that what he had done was wrong. He knelt down and apologized to his father-in-law, but the old man ignored him.
Public opinion is very powerful. When others heard about Bobby Chen's style, they were all chilling. They feel that Bobby Chen is not a reliable person, and no one is close to Bobby Chen any more.
Although these are trivial matters, it can be seen that Bobby Chen is too narrow-minded to be polite to corporal. Moreover, judging from the fact that men in Bobby Chen were shocked by the prosperity in front of them after entering the palace, Bobby Chen began to give priority to pleasure at that time, and the belief of struggle was forgotten.
(3) cronyism, unfair rewards and punishments.
After Chen Sheng proclaimed himself king, he appointed Zhu Fang as Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Wu as secretary to supervise the faults of ministers. Zhu Fang and Hu Wu abused their power and punished others according to their personal preferences. If you don't like it, don't send it to the judicial trial, just deal with it yourself.
The generals attacked the city, fought bloody battles, and their heads were quilted, but as long as there was a slight mistake, Zhu Fang and Hu Wu immediately convicted the generals. Bobby Chen did not stop this situation and let it develop. This made his generals chilling, and they were reluctant to get close to Chen Sheng.
Bobby Chen's unfair reward and punishment is also one of the reasons for his unpopularity. At the beginning, his brother Guangwu led an army to besiege Xingyang, but he could not attack for a long time. Tian Cang and his generals thought Guangwu had no military talent, so they killed Guangwu and seized the military power.
When Chen Sheng learned that Tian Cang had killed Guangwu, he didn't pursue his responsibility, but asked the emissary to hide your official seal, Abel Tamata, and make him a general.
You know, Guangwu is a brother who grew up in osawa Township with Bobby Chen. Bobby Chen can't accomplish anything by himself without light weapons. And at that time, Guangwu was the acting king of Chu, second only to Chen Sheng, so he was inexplicably killed by his men. Chen doesn't even ask, how can this attitude towards brothers, this unfair behavior with clear rewards and punishments, not make people feel chilling?
As can be seen from the above, Chen Sheng is not a man worthy of a big post. His series of actions disappointed his followers. With such people, he couldn't see the future, so Chen Shengda lost his heart.
last or end syllable
Chen Sheng was buried in Mangdang Mountain after his death, and posthumous title was the "hidden king". The tomb of Chen Sheng has been well preserved so far, and the tombstone has Guo Moruo's title "Tomb of Chen Sheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty".
After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, 30 families were placed in Dangxian to guard the tomb of Chen Sheng, offering sacrifices until the end of the Western Han Dynasty.
Mangdang Mountain is a magical place. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, fled here to hide. After that, the white snake uprising was launched, and finally the Han Dynasty was established.