The Great Wilderness in Shan Hai Jing records: "Outside the Northeast Sea, in the wild, between rivers, there is a mountain attached to Yu, where emperors Zhuan Xu and Jiuyi were buried." "Overseas North Classic" said: "In the battle of the corner of the mountain, Emperor Zhuan Xu was buried in Yang and his ninth wife was buried in Yin." The Sea Middle East Classic also said: "On the Fish Mountain, Emperor Zhuan Xu was buried in Yang, his ninth wife was buried in Yin, and four snakes guarded him." Scholar Ai judged that "Attached Yu", "Wu Yu" and "Fuyu" are all "leisurely" sounds according to the ancient sounds, and concluded that the burial place of Zhuan Xu the Great is now Mount Yiwulu. Known as "carefree" in the Han Dynasty, it is now a "carefree county" near Beizhen City in the Han Dynasty, named after Yiwulu Mountain. Other scholars who hold the same view include Feng Limin and Wang Zhe.
Yu Yi in Er Ya and Huai Nan Zi, like Fu Yu, Wu Yu and Fu Yu, are both transliteration of "carefree" and are also called "seal deed".
In Shan Hai Jing, Zhuan Xu's burial place is described as "attached to the mountain", and there are many references to beautiful jade. Zhuan Xu's original meaning of "Zhuan" is "round head and fat brain", and the word "Zhuan" is from "jade" to "page", and "jade" refers to "Yusheng", that is, jade hair accessories.
Therefore, Tang Wei believes that the name "Zhuan Xu" itself constitutes a kind of evidence, and agate is the "elegant girl" mentioned in Er Ya, which forms strong evidence for the academic inference of scholars such as Ai, Feng Limin and others that "Zhuan Xu the Great was buried in Yiwulu Mountain". It can be seen that Zhuan Xu the Great, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, is a round-faced monarch wearing jade ornaments. Dongyi is under his jurisdiction, and the headdress he wears is made of Fuxin agate. The local language of Dongyi is called "Zhuang Qiqi". The real birthplace of Zhuang Qiqi is today's Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County. In the earliest monograph "Er Ya Shi Di" explaining the meaning of words in China, it was recorded that "those who are beautiful in the East have no medicine", and Guo Pu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented that "no medicine" and "no medicine" belong to the jade genus. Zhang's "Stone Cliff" points out that agate is "produced in Fengtian Jinzhou, commonly known as Jinzhou Stone". "Erya Dish" said, "The beauty of the East is wonderful without medicine"; Cloud "The Story of the Eastern Han Dynasty" refers to this almost. Zhang thinks that the charm in Er Ya and the ruby in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty refer to agate.
According to Zhang's point of view and through his own investigation, Luan Bingqian came to the conclusion that the "Liaodong" mentioned by Guo Pu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was not a modern Liaodong, but a "Liaodong County" during the Warring States to the Three Kingdoms, the Wei, Jin and Sixteen Countries and the Southern and Northern Dynasties (Northern Qi). At that time, the jurisdiction of Liaodong County was mainly in western Liaoning, including the Medical Wuyushan annotated by Guo Pu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the Medical Wuyushan from Jinzhou to Fuxin today. Medical Wuyushan is located in the central part of Liaoning Province, east of Daling River, in the volcanic area, and is famous for producing "Jinzhou Stone" (agate). Therefore, "doctors don't have surnames" is related to ruby, Jinzhou stone or agate, and has nothing to do with Xiuyan amphibole jade.
Luan Xuanbing emphasized that "Zhuan" has nothing to do with Xiuyan's amphibole jade, because some scholars regard ancient Liaodong as the present Liaodong area, so they mistakenly think that "Zhuan" refers to xiuyan jade.
Erya is the first dictionary compiled according to the word meaning system and the classification of things in China. Scholars have verified that it was written not earlier than the Warring States and not later than the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. Agate appeared in the form of "Qi Qi" as early as Erya, but "medicine can't be obtained" (called "medicine can't be obtained" in Huai Nan Zi Jiao Hang Xun) was researched by Luan Bingqian and many experts and scholars, which is today's Golden State. Scholars have verified that the scraper made of agate was unearthed in Chahai site 7600 years ago, and the agate wine glasses, agate Go and necklaces unearthed in Liao tomb are of high quality, beautiful shape and exquisite craftsmanship, which amazed today's artists. By the Qing Dynasty, Fuxin's agate industry had developed to a certain scale, and Fuxin agate became a palace tribute. At present, Zi Ying Village is a pearl in Qijiazi Township of Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, which was named after the local prince presented Buddha's light agate to this pearl on the 60th birthday of Qianlong. According to the "Palace Trivia" in Qing Shi Lu, Fuxin agate industry "dug 16 holes, with thousands of kiln workers and a commercial city in the south." According to legend, most of the carvings and agate ornaments used by the Qing court were Fuxin, and even Fuxin processed them. Fuxin agate is excellent in texture, which is not only rich in color and magnificent in texture, but also like the "beauty of the East, the beauty of medicine" in Erya.
What do you mean by "curiosity"? Shuo Yuwenbu explained: "Doctors can't make a difference. Zhou Shu is called Yu Yi." Duan Yucai's note: "The seven and three characters of seal are jade names ... Gai Yi's five laws and seal deed are all oriental languages." "Book" records that jade has "great jade and easy jade", and Kong explained in Han and Zheng Xuan's sparse quotations: "Great jade is also the ball of Huashan; Yu Yi, the charm of the East. " The "East Yi" and "East" here are all relative to Zhou.
It can be seen that agate was called "Yu Yi" and "Qi Yi" in ancient times.
Yiwulu Mountain was the only place to pass in and out of Fuxin at that time, so it was regarded as the origin of "Zhuan Xu".
At this point, we have a very clear logical thinking: Fuxin agate was mined in Zhuan Xu's time and became a jade ornament on the head of an ancient monarch in Zhuan Xu. In the Zhou dynasty, Fuxin agate entered the jurisdiction of the Zhou dynasty and became the favorite of the emperors and nobles of the Zhou dynasty. According to records, it was in Zhou Shu, and the red "flag" was Jia Zhen in Laohetu Township, Fumeng County today. As a ritual activity of Zhou Tianzi's offering sacrifices to heaven and earth, Zhou Li recorded a "red chapter" dedicated to the southern gods. Confucius respected Zhou Li all his life, so he spoke highly of the jade and Zhou Li contained in Zhou Shu, expressed the virtue of a gentleman with various characteristics of agate, and made an important speech on the "eleven virtues" of jade.
In addition to the red agate in Jiawobu Village, Laohetu Township, Fumeng County, the green agate in front of Meiliban Village and water bile agate are all precious varieties in Fuxin agate (some scholars think that "nectar from jade liquid" refers to the natural water in water bile agate). These Fuxin agates, called "Qi Qi" by Donghu people and Shanrong people and "Yuyi" by Zhou people, are still included in the territory of the Han Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous Liu Bowen Liu Ji also wrote in his poem "Two Ghosts in Song Xing": "Pick osmanthus trees by hand, scatter them into the sea, and disperse them into pearls with mussels, or fall into a rock valley and turn them into pearls." This poem says that the osmanthus tree falls into the sea and becomes a pearl, and the sunset becomes a "graceful pearl". However, China folks have always compared natural pearls with agate. Some people have analyzed that the reason why the ancients often compared pearls with agate, which is difficult to process and shape, is because in many cases, the output of large and round natural pearls is limited and difficult to obtain.
Liu Ji's poems further clarify that "Zhuan Xu" is the ancient name of agate. In Liu Ji's poems, why are pearls and agates born from laurel trees? Tang Wei thinks it has something to do with the moon and its symbol laurel. Because pearls and agates are glittering treasures, the ancients thought of the moonlight in the sky while enjoying them, and then thought of the osmanthus tree in the middle of the month. Besides osmanthus trees, toads are also symbols of the moon. Interestingly, in the ruins of Chahai in Fuxin, there is a piece of pottery with the image of toad, which Mr. Ai Fanqi thinks is the shape of toad. "It is similar to the word" Da "on the bronze wares of Shang Dynasty (Guo Moruo pronounced it" Tian "), which is considered to be the word" Yan "of Shang Dynasty, indicating people who take frogs as totems, namely Gonggong clan and its descendants. Huai Nan Zi in the Western Han Dynasty said: "People in the former dynasties fought for the emperor with one heart and Zhuan Xu. In a rage, they touched the mountain that failed, and the sky was broken and the land was lost. "The sky leans to the northwest, so the sun, the moon and the stars move; The land is dissatisfied with the southeast, and the water and dust return. " The story recorded in Huai Nan Zi is a very famous furious myth of China, and its background is the war between Gonggong and Zhuan Xu Emperor.
According to historical records, the emperor of Zhuan Xu was Levin, the "God of Northeast Tribes". Many old books say that he "ruled the world with water virtue" and "died as the emperor of water virtue in the north". He is listed as one of the Five Emperors, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, and the son of Changyi. Mother and daughter are born with a feeling of "Eta Ursa major". Eta, the constellation Ursa major, is the beautiful jade light of Qiong Yao, which shows that the emperor Zhuan Xu recorded by the ancients was born with agate.
Emperor Zhuan Xu ascended the throne at the age of 20, reigned for 78 years and lived for 98 years. During his reign, he created Kyushu, which made China have a territorial border for the first time. Establish a ruling body, make a marriage, make a marriage, study the differences between men and women, and be orderly; In view of the prevalence of witchcraft, the people were ordered to ban witchcraft; Reform the calendar, set four seasons and twenty-four solar terms, and later generations pushed him as "Li Zong". As one of the main founders of Chinese civilization, Zhuan Xu had a great influence on ancient civilizations in Northeast Asia and America. Judging from the characteristics of his administration, he is an intelligent leader who clearly lists various systems and is a typical figure of "prudence and wisdom" in Confucius' "Eleven Virtues".
Zhuan Xu civilization has made great achievements in ancient astronomical calendars and made great contributions to water conservancy and agriculture. One of its branches established the first dynasty of China-Xia in the Central Plains, and many ancient nationalities were its branches. Historical books and scholars of past dynasties have always located the origin of Zhuan Xu civilization in Shanxi, Sichuan, Henan, Anhui and Zhejiang. From the perspective of cultural anthropology, Mr. Ai proposed that this civilization originated in western Liaoning, and its archaeological background should be Hongshan Culture and former Hongshan Culture, which has a deep relationship with Fuxin Chahai site.
The northern ancient nationalities under the rule of Zhuan Xu made great contributions to Chinese civilization, creating jade culture and dragon culture. A stone dragon with a length of 19.7 meters was found at the Chahai site in Fuxin, dating from 7000 to 8000 years ago. Professor Su, a famous archaeologist, after a detailed investigation of the cultural relics unearthed in Chahai, thinks that this place is the "Jade Dragon of China" and Fuxin is the "hometown of Jade Dragon and the birthplace of civilization". Mr. Ai believes that the Yulong culture in Fuxin Tea Sea belongs to the cultural remains of Zhuan Xu ancestors and is within the boundaries of "Zhuan Xu Market". The Descendants of Emperor Levin written by Qu Yuan in Lisao just shows that the Chu people in the south believe in the God Zhuan Xu, which is far north, and that the Chu people originally lived in the north and were members of the ancient Zhuan Xu family, and then went south, while the Zhuan Xu market "market" (meaning old place and ruins) recorded in the Book of Jin is located in Fuxin and Chaoyang.
A diamond-shaped agate sleeve made of seven overlapping pieces was unearthed in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County. The largest is 7.4 cm in outer diameter, 5.3 cm in inner diameter and 0.6 cm in meat thickness, and the smallest is 4.4 cm in outer diameter, 2.6 cm in inner diameter and 0.6 cm in meat thickness. Jue is a ring-shaped jade with a notch, which was first discovered at the Chahai-Xinglongwa Culture site in the early Neolithic period from 8000 years ago to 10000 years ago. Early jade Jue was generally as round as a bead. By the cultural period of Hong Wen about 5000-5600 years ago, Jade Jue had developed into an animal-shaped Jue, also known as Jade Dragon. The author thinks that rhombic agate is flat and thin, angular and single in shape. No matter where it is found, its shape is basically the same, and even later bone carvings are similar to agate carvings, indicating that rhombic agate carvings originated from the largest ancient northern nation at that time, and its leader naturally belongs to Zhuan Xu, the "God of Northeast Tribes".
Scholar Feng Limin believes that the Yellow Emperor first started from the Liaohe River Basin, and later moved south due to bad weather and other reasons, and then moved to the Central Plains and southern regions. This migration is not one-way. Some people move south, while others return north. More than 4,000 years ago, Zhuan Xu led his troops back to his hometown of Liaoning and integrated the scattered Hongshan tribes. Zhuan Xu also distributed his sons all over the northeast, forming the later Northeast Yi and China.
Some agate products unearthed from Chahai site in Fuxin are agate arrows, so this weapon must have been used in major ancient wars, including the desperate struggle between Zhuan Xu and Gong Gong. There are also some agate scrapers, which are tools for making wooden bows and arrows.
Zhuan Xu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and the origin of Gonggong is not idle. Shan Hai Jing: "The wife of Emperor Yan and the son of Chishui, listen to my feast, Yan lives in Sheng Jie, and the festival is in harmony with the drama. The opera was born in Zhu Rong, and Zhu Rong fell into the river to work together. " It shows that Gonggong is a descendant of Emperor Yan Shennong and an expert in water conservancy. Water war was his strong point, and his sphere of influence expanded rapidly, reaching Zhuan Xu's hometown, so the two sides fought a life-and-death naval battle.
Tang Wei speculated that Zhuan Xu the Great completely defeated the workers who used toads as totems and were good at water warfare in Bohai Bay, Jinzhou, and the fundamental reason for his victory was to make arrows with agate.
When Gonggong's fleet was advancing, influenced by the sea breeze, Zhuan Xu's bamboo bow and arrow made of agate scraper could no longer resist the enemy's army. At this time, the agate arrow began to show its great power, and Gonggong was defeated by this weapon with long range and strong lethality, so that he would be "furious and unable to touch the island."
The so-called "not encircling the mountains" has been studied by scholars in previous dynasties, and there has been no conclusion. Tang Wei believes that Buzhou language is also Dongyi language, belonging to Altai language family. There is a word pronounced "Baydag" in Mongolian today, which means "all" when translated into Chinese. Manchu followed many Mongolian words and was translated into Chinese in Qing Dynasty. "Baydag" once evolved into the word "frequency", and its semantics are still being passed down. Not for the perfection of the Olympics, nor for the knowledge of the finish line. The word "rich in knowledge" in Wei Yuan's article comes from the ancient sound "Bai Dage" in Dongyi, which is also "carefree" in Shan Hai Jing.
"Anger can't touch Zhoushan" means that Gong Gong was forced to seek an emergency landing in Bohai Bay after attacking warships damaged by agate trowels, and was forced to stop pursuing Zhuan Xu the Great, so he began to run around and flee everywhere. When several islands in the nearby waters landed, Zhuan Xu the Great would inevitably send someone to search all the islands, so there was the meaning of "Baydag" and "all"
Ancient books recorded whether Gong Gong was captured or exiled, and which island Gong Gong finally hid in and was captured. I think it is Bijiashan now. Although Bijiashan is said to be named because it looks like a penholder, I have seen it on the spot and it doesn't look like a penholder at all. The pronunciation of "Gaby" is close to "bad", which should have come from the sound of "Baydag". Later, influenced by other "Bijia Mountain" in China, when the tide ebbs in Bijia Mountain in Jinzhou, there will be a spectacle of "overpass" in the sea. Gong Gong led the beaten army to retreat at this time, just catching up with the ebb tide. Zhuan Xu the Great led his troops to the island and successfully captured it.
Moreover, the shape of the peak of Bijia Mountain, which is "two long and one short", seems to have been knocked for a while, which is not contradictory to the viewpoint that some scholars interpret "thoughtlessness" as "incompleteness" and is very consistent with the plot of fairy tales. Bijia Mountain in Jinzhou should be the "hill without hills" in ancient legends.
The agate arrow defeated Gong Gong and saved his country and people. Therefore, Zhuan Xu had a soft spot for agate, and he wore agate ornaments when he acceded to the throne, so that most of his descendants did not call him "Levin the Great", but affectionately called him "Zhuan Xu" according to his appearance, meaning "a young leader with a round head and a fat face and wearing agate".
Zhuan Xu the Great hoped that he could always guard the precious agate that won him victory and honor, and would never allow foreigners to take anything from him. After his death, he was buried in Yiwulu Mountain, which is the throat of agate from Jinzhou to Fuxin. Even after he left this world, he still cherished his beloved home and its magnificent treasures with the blade of terror.