Murong Han (? —344), the word Tan, was born in Changli (now northwest of yi county, Liaoning Province), Xianbei, and was a famous soldier in the Sixteen Kingdoms period.
Murong Han is the eldest son of Murong Hui, the leader of Xianbei nationality, and Murong Han is "heroic by nature, with infinite strength, and can shoot it with an ape's arm, with extraordinary brawn" (Jin Murong Han Zaiji). Mu Rongchui was surprised and entrusted him with an important task.
During the Eight Kings Rebellion, Liu Yuan, Li Xiong, Schleswig, etc. Taking the opportunity to rise up one after another, some ethnic minorities in the north were also involved in the war. At this time, Murong Hui adopted a wait-and-see policy. In the first year of Yongjia (307), he claimed that Xianbei was a great Khan, but he did not openly oppose the rulers.
During this period, the situation in Youzhou was also turbulent. Pang Ben, the prefect of Liaodong, killed Tsun Lee, a captain of Dongyi, for personal enmity. Therefore, Xianbei Sulian and Jin Mu of the Great Wall used revenge against Tsun Lee as an excuse. After years of looting, the people of Liaodong were displaced and joined Murong Department for asylum. Qian Yuan, the satrap, lost Lien Chan, and a captain from Dongyi made peace with Yu Sulian. In this case, Murong Han said to Murong Hui, "Seeking vassals is nothing like being a diligent king. Since ancient times, a promising monarch is unwilling to stick to his principles to make things happen. Even today, Tianjin is domineering, Julian Waghann is defeated and the whole people are slaughtered. What is this? Outside the vertical axis, the name is Pang Ben, and inside, fortunately, it is Kou. Seal the monarch to punish the original, please make peace, but it is poisonous. It has been two weeks since the fall of Liaodong. The Central Plains is in a state of chaos, and the state division has repeatedly lost, and it is loyal to the king. Khan should be aware of the threat of the September attacks and saved his own life. Plus the crimes of Lian and Jin, the militia will definitely punish him. On the one hand, it revived the Liao country, on the other hand, it annexed the two parts. Loyalty and righteousness were manifested in this dynasty, and self-interest belonged to our country. This is the beginning of my Hung-chien, and I will eventually succeed among the princes (A Record of Mu Rongchui in the Book of Jin). Murong Hui accepted this suggestion and led the cavalry to conquer Su Lian and Jin Mu, and they were all cut off. Both of them collapsed and moved to Spine City. Yao returned to Liaodong County.
In April of the first year of lite (3 13), Wang Jun ordered the early pine generals to be stationed in Yishui County (now northwest of Xiongxian County, Hebei Province), and called the troops of Xianbei Section to prepare for a joint attack on Xerox, the general east of Han Town. Duan joined the army as soon as possible because of his Covenant with Schleswig. Wang Jun was very angry, so he bribed Tuoba Louis, the agent, with a large sum of money and invited Murong Hui to send troops to attack Duan Jia. Murong Hui sent Murong Han to attack Duan Jia, and Murong Hanlian conquered Tuhe (now Jinzhou, Liaoning) and Xincheng (now northeast of Shenyang), and the soldiers arrived (now southeast of Lulong, Hebei). It is said that Tuoba GUI stayed behind to attack the river and built a wall in Qingshan (now East of Yixian County, Liaoning Province).
At that time, Cui Ya, the secretariat of Jinping and a captain of Dongyi, thought he was from a noble family and guarded Liaodong (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province). On weekdays, he is willing to recruit exiled scholars, thinking that exiled scholars will inevitably come to defect, but the result is counterproductive and his heart is uneven. He suspected that Mu Rongchui had detained exiled scholars, so he sent messengers to bind Goguryeo, Xianbei Yuwen Department and Duan Department, in an attempt to attack and destroy and carve up their land with the help of the three.
In the second year of Taixing (3 19), in December, the three parties jointly attacked the thorn city. Mu Rongchui held fast behind closed doors and used deviant tactics to make Koguryo and Duan's army lose ground, leaving only hundreds of thousands of people in the Ministry of Education.
Yuwen, the leader of Yuwen Department, learned that there were many independent officials, so he surrounded Murong Hui for four miles. At that time, Murong Han was guarding the Tuhe River (now Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province) and sent someone to tell Murong Hui: "I know that an independent official respects the country as an enemy, and the others are in the minority. It is easier to defeat with tricks than to win. There are enough people in this city to resist the enemy. Please wait outside for the raiders, attack from inside and outside, and surprise them. They will be caught off guard and will be breached. Now that the soldiers are United as one, Peter is committed to attacking the city and there is no danger of returning to the city. So are people who are not strategic winners. And show off your trepidation, lest you lose morale first without fighting "(Zi Jian, Volume 91). Mu Rongchui was not at ease. At that time, Han Shou of Liaodong said to Mu Rongchui: "I know that an independent official has the ambition to rely on the mausoleum, and he will be arrogant and lazy, and the army is not strong. If Indiana Jones is unprepared, the strategy will be broken "(Zi Jian, Volume 91). MuRongHui this just agreed to let MuRongHan stay in ACTS river, rather than internal and external support.
After learning the news, Yuwen said to his subordinates, "Su Han's name is Xiaoguo. If you don't enter the city today, you may be in trouble. You should take it first, and the city is not worried "(Zi Jian, volume 91). Thousands of cavalry attacked Murong Han in advance in an attempt to cut off the internal and external ties of Murong Department. When Murong Han knew this, he sent someone to dress up as Duan's messenger and wait for Yuwen cavalry on the road. Then Murong Han led his troops out of the city and set an ambush on the road. When the messenger met the Yuwen cavalry, he said to them, "Murong Han has suffered from me for a long time. When I heard about this, I should be attacked. I also stay, so when the speed into "("capital "and" construction "volume ninety-one)! Yuwen cavalry was overjoyed, galloping and unprepared. After entering the ambush circle, Murong Han ambushed everywhere and captured them all. Murong Han rushed out and sent someone to tell Murong Hui to take advantage of the independent officer and send his troops to attack. Murong Hui sent his third son, Murong Mu, and his regular servant, Pei Ben, as pioneers, followed by private soldiers. Yuwen learned that the independent official relied on his own people and was unguarded. When Murong Hui arrived, he had to fight in panic. In the fierce battle, Murong Han led thousands of cavalry to rush into the enemy camp from the flank and set fire to it. Yuwen's army was frightened and didn't know what to do. It was defeated by Yuwen's independent officer and fled in a hurry. Murong Hui seized the opportunity to March, captured all the people and obtained three imperial seals. And occupied Liaodong, while Cui Ya fled to Koguryo (now between Shenyang and Fushun in Liaoning).
Koguryo once counted Kou Liaodong. In the same year, Murong Hui sent Murong Han and Murong Shi to attack it. King Yi Fuli of Koguryo came to win the alliance, and Murong Han and Murong Ren returned with his soldiers.
In December of the third year of Taixing (32 1), Murong Hui was ordered by Jin Ting to supervise Pingzhou military affairs, General Abe, Pingzhou secretariat, and added 2,000 households. Soon after, he added Dongyi military attache, general and shepherd boy who were in charge of the festival, and entered Liaodong County, with 10,000 households in the city, serving as a constant waiter and Khan as before; Dan Shu iron coupon, Cheng Haidong, ordered people to go to court and put Pingzhou in charge. And made Murong Mu a prince.
Because Murong Hanwei's reputation spread far and wide, and he was afraid of the enemy, in December of the same year, Murong Hui ordered him to guard Liaodong. Goguryeo heard that Murong Han was coming, and dared not attack again. Murong Han appeased the people in Liaodong, which was very powerful. He also advocated Confucianism, saying that "as for the literati, they are willing to follow them" (Biography of Jin Murong).
Murong Han is the eldest son, but because his mother was born in humble origins, she was just an ordinary concubine in Murong Hui, and Duan, Murong Mu's mother, was the first wife, so she was made a prince.
In May of the eighth year of Xianhe (June 4th, AD 333), Mu Rongchui died. In June, Murong Mu succeeded the Duke of Liaodong, taking Pingbei as the general, taking charge of Pingzhou secretariat, supervising the department and governing Liaodong. After Murong Mu succeeded to the throne, his harsh usage made the people uneasy. Especially Murong Han (General Jianwei at that time) was brilliant, which was taboo for Murong Mu. His younger brother Murong Ren and Murong Zhao were also favored by Murong Hui, and Murong Mu was also unhappy. Murong Han noticed this and sighed, "I dare not try my best under the care of my predecessor. Fortunately, thanks to the spirit of my predecessor, I have made contributions. This is a compliment to our country, not to human resources. And people say what I have done, thinking that talents are difficult to manage, how can I sit still and wait for death "("Zi Jian "volume 95)! In order to avoid disaster, Murong Han took his son to the Duan family in Xianbei, western Liaoning in October. Duan Liao was very happy when he heard about his talent, so he entrusted him to reuse it. Murong Zhao and Murong Ren were later killed by Murong Mu.
In February of the ninth year of Xianhe (334), Duan Liao sent troops to attack Tuha (now Jinzhou, Liaoning), a territory of Xianbei. He also sent his brothers Duan Lan and Murong Han to attack Liucheng (now southwest of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province). The captain of Liucheng, Shi Cong (the head of a city), refused to defend, and Duan Lan and others could not retreat. Duan Liao was furious and ordered Duan Lan to conquer. After 20 days, he sent troops to attack again, but he still couldn't beat it. At this time, Murong Mu sent Ningyuan generals Murong Khan and Sima Fengyi to lead reinforcements to save Liucheng. Before leaving, Murong Mian warned Murong Khan: "Thieves are full of vigor and it is difficult to compete. Take care of everything, be careful not to travel lightly, concentrate your forces and then strike (A Record of Murong Mian in the Book of Jin). Mr. Murong Khan did not listen, went into battle lightly, and led more than a thousand cavalry and Duan Lan to meet up in Niuwei Valley, north of Liucheng. He was defeated and suffered more than half of the casualties. Duan Lan wanted to pursue the victory, but Murong Han was afraid of destroying his country, so he stopped Duan Lan: "My husband should be careful, and he should judge himself and his enemies, so he must be absolutely unmoved. Today, although it defeated its deviant teacher, it failed to bend its general trend. If you extort a lot, just lurk. If we knew that many people in the country would reject me, our county army would go deep and be outnumbered. This is also a dangerous road. On the day he was appointed, he was seeking victory; If you don't obey your orders, you will become greedy. Lost, fame and fortune. Why did you come back? " Duan Lan said, "This has been captured, and there is no reason. You're thinking about destroying your country's ears! This Millennium (Murong Ren Xiao Zi) is in the East. If I succeed, I will welcome it as a national heir and will not be ashamed, so that the ancestral hall will not be worshipped. " Murong Han said: "I am involved in living together and returning for no reason; The survival of the country, leave it to me! But I want to be a big country, and I cherish my fame and fame "(Zi Tong Zhi Jian, Volume 95). After that, he led the troops back. Duan Lan had no choice but to return to the army.
In November of the third year of Xiankang (337), Murong Mu was repeatedly harassed by Duan Liao at the border, so he sent an envoy, claiming that he was a vassal of the post-Zhao, and taking his brother Murong Khan as hostage, asking the post-Zhao to send troops to discuss Duan Liao. Later, Wang Zhao Shi Hu released his hostage and agreed to send troops next year.
In the first month of the fourth year of Xiankang (338), Shi Hu raised 30,000 warriors, all of whom were named Longteng corps commander. He took Taobao as the general crossing the sea and thought that he crossed the Liao River and led 65,438+10,000 sailors (now Tianjin East). I thought that General Long Xiang and Yao were the top-ranked generals, and led 70,000 troops to attack the Liao country by land and water.
In March, Murong Mu led the troops to attack and plunder the cities north of Ganoderma lucidum (now Qian 'an West, Hebei Province), and Duan Liao will chase them. Murong Han knew that if Murong Mu went out in person, the battle would be won, so he said to Duan Liao, "Since the Shi family is here, it is not appropriate to make a fuss about big things. When the prince comes, the horse is elite. Soldiers' weapons are dangerous in battle. If they lost, why were they defeated in the south? "The last time Murong Han stopped his pursuit, Duan Lan was very unhappy. When he heard Murong Han, he was even more angry. He said, "I heard from Chen Qing that this was a disaster, and I will never fall into your plan again" (A Record of Jin Murong's Han Zai). He led the troops in pursuit, but was ambushed and defeated by Murong Mu, plundering 5,000 households and livestock products.
Shi Hu entered Jintai (now southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province) and went straight to Hebei (now southwest of Beijing). Yuyang, Shanggu and the counties all fell, and Zhao captured more than 40 cities. Duan Liao dared not fight again, and led thousands of relatives, clans and handsome men to abandon the order and flee to Miyun Mountain (now the upper reaches of Wulie River in Chengde, Hebei Province). Before he left, Duan Liao took Murong Han's hand and cried, "If you don't talk about it, you will ruin yourself. I am deeply ashamed that I have worked so hard to make you lose "(Zi Jian, volume 95). MuRongHan is defected to.
Unlike Duan Liao, the leaders of Yuwen House are very jealous of Murong Han's talent. Murong Han knew that he couldn't hold himself, so he pretended to be crazy, drank wildly all day, sang wildly and knelt down to beg. Everyone in Yuwen Department thought he was really crazy, so nobody paid any attention to him. Murong Han took the opportunity to travel around, keeping in mind the mountains and rivers of Yuwen Department.
At the beginning, Murong Mian thought that Murong Han was not a rebellion, but fled because of suspicion. So although he was in a foreign country, he often thought of Yan State, so that in the first month of the sixth year of Xiankang (340), he sent merchants to Yuwen Department to do business and inquire about Murong Han. Murong Han saw Wang Chejun, said nothing, just put his hand on his chest and nodded at Wang Chejun. When Murong Yong heard about it, he said, "You are eager to come" ("Book of Jin Murong Han Shi Lu"). Knowing that Murong Han could bend three stones with a long and big arrow, Murong Mian made a pair of bows and arrows for him, buried the king's car on the side of the road and secretly told Murong Han.
In February, Murong Han stole a famous horse and took his second son out with a bow and arrow to escape. Yuwen Yidou didn't know he was cheated until he heard about it, so he sent 100 Xiao Qi to catch up. Murong Han said to the pursuers, "I've been homesick for a long time, but now I'm on the horse and I can't reply. I warned you about your stupidity. My old art is still there, and inaction is killing me! " The pursuers disagreed and had to move on. Murong Han said: "I have lived in your country for a long time and hate it very much. I don't want to kill you;" If you come to me, I will take a hundred steps and stand in front of your knife. I will shoot. If you hit it, you can return it, but if you miss it, you can go forward "("Zi Tongzhi Jianjuan 96 "). Troops to solve the knife and stand, MuRongHan an arrow shot, in the middle of its ring. The pursuers were terrified and dispersed in succession. After Murong Han returned to China, Murong Mu was overjoyed and treated him very well.
In October of the eighth year of Xiankang (342), Murong Mian moved the capital to Longcheng. At that time, Qianyan was adjacent to Goguryeo, and Murong Mu, the prince of Qianyan, was often afraid that he would take advantage and regarded him as a confidant. Murong Han said to Murong Mu, "Yu Wen has been strong for a long time, and he has suffered many national disasters. Today, Yidu has returned to usurp and steal the country, and his feelings are not attached. In addition, the general has no talent, the country has no defense, and the army has no department. I have stayed in my country for a long time and know its terrain. Although far from being powerful, it is not helpful for rescue; If we hit it today, we will raise hundreds of grams. But Goguryeo often peeks when she goes to the countryside. Ambition. Knowing that Yuwen is dead, he will use his weakness to go deep and cover me. It is not enough to keep fewer soldiers, nor is it enough to keep more soldiers. The troubles of this confidant should be removed first; Judging from its power, it can be done in one fell swoop. Yuwen's self-defense will not go far for the benefit. Take both Koguryo and Yuwen, such as Guier. Both countries are peaceful and the East China Sea will benefit. The country is rich and strong, and there is no worry about turning back. Then the Central Plains can make plans "(Zi Tongzhi Jian, Volume 97). Murong Mao followed his plan. There are two ways to Koguryo. The north road is flat and wide, and the south road is narrow and dangerous. Everyone wants to take the north road. Murong Han added: "If you take it for granted, you will say that the army takes the northern route and pays more attention to the north than the south. Wang Yishuai's sharp soldiers attacked him from the south road, and unexpectedly, there were not enough pills. Don't send a partial teacher out of the North Road, even if he stumbles, his belly will collapse and the four branches will be helpless (Zi Jian Juan 97).
In November, Murong Mu divided his forces and attacked Goguryeo in two ways, with the main elite of 40,000 attacking from the south. With Murong Han and his son Murong Ba (the fifth son of Murong Mu, later renamed) as pioneers, he ordered the long-established Wang Yu to attack from the north with 1.5 million troops. King Gao Zhao of Goguryeo learned that the main force of the Yan army must come from the north road, so his brother Gao Wu led 50,000 elite soldiers to guard the north road and the weak ones to guard the south road. The former Yan army defeated Zhao army in the South Island and forced it into Marukou (the capital of Koguryo, now Ji 'anxi, Jilin). Gaozhao escaped alone. Yanjun was defeated by Koguryo Army before North Road, so Murong Mian stopped chasing him. Murong Mu captured Zhao Zhao's mother, wife, men and women for more than 50,000 people, took its treasure, burned the palace and destroyed the pills.
In February of the first year of Jianyuan (343), Yuwen returned to China and sent his country, Mo Qian Xiongnu, to attack Yan Qian. Former Yan generals rushed to well-documented, Murong Mian could not. Mo Qian muddy thought Murong Mu was afraid, so he let his guard down. Murong Mian ordered Murong Han to lead the cavalry to attack, but he was defeated, so he survived, and all his people were captured by former Yan Jun.
In February of the second year of Jianyuan (344), Murong Mu personally led the troops to attack Yuwen, with Murong Han as the forward general and Liu Pei as the lieutenant; Murong Jun, Murong Ke (the fourth son of Murong Mu), Murong Ba and General Mu Yugen were ordered to lead the troops in three ways. Yuwen returned to Nanluocheng University (that is, the Lord) and led the elite soldiers to meet the enemy at night. Murong Mian sent someone to tell Murong Han: "Braving the three armies at night, you should avoid it." Murong Han said: "It is nocturnal to come back from a fight and sweep the domestic elite. It is famous for its bravery, and this is the strategy of a country. Today, if I control it, its country will collapse without being attacked. Besides, I don't know who is involved in the night shift. Although there is a false name, it is easy to smell and should not be avoided, so as to defeat the spirit of our army "("Zi Jian "volume 97). When the two armies fought fiercely, MuRongBa led the army to fight from the flank and died that night. Yu Wenjun was defeated without a fight, and Yan Jun pursued victory and conquered Zimengchuan (now northwest of Chaoyang, Liaoning), the capital of Yudu. Yuwen fled and died in Mobei. Murong Mian collected his livestock products, moved more than 5,000 people to Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) and reclaimed more than 1,000 miles. He changed Nanluocheng to Weide City and ordered Murong Biao to defend it.
Although he won the battle, Murong Han was shot by an arrow and failed to recover after returning home. After that, his injury gradually improved and he tried riding at home. Some people falsely claim that Murong Mu is riding a horse in the furniture, which may lead to rebellion. Murong Mian admired Murong Han's talent, but he always avoided it in his heart, so he gave Murong Han death. Murong Han said to the messenger before he died: "John suspected that he had gone abroad, and his sin was unforgivable." He can't entrust his bones to the thief's court, so he is criticized. God is mighty, and the market is not arrogant. Today's death is John's life. However, although Hu rebelled against China and the Central Plains was not peaceful, Han Chang swore to himself that he was determined to swallow the ugly Lu and became the responsibility of the former king's legacy and Xie Shanhai. If you want this heart to last, there will be no resentment and life will be helpless "("Jin Murong's Book Everything is done wrong ")! So he took poison and died.
Comments: In the history of Yan State, only Murong Ke and Mu Rongchui have comparable military capabilities with Mu Rongchui. However, Murong Han is a tragic figure. Although he is talented, it is a pity that he has not met a wise master. However, in his life, he has always been able to put justice first, regardless of personal honor or disgrace. He is a real hero.