Why does the United States value Qian Xuesen so much? Because he is an excellent student of Von Carmen, the top expert in American aviation science, and one of the five members of the Rocket Research Group of California Institute of Technology, the earliest rocket research organization in the United States.
Under the guidance of von Carmen, rocket research has made great progress and contributed to the victory of the anti-fascist war. In those hard days, Qian Xuesen showed outstanding talent. An aviation science formula that occupies an important position in the history of aviation science: the famous "Carmen-Qian formula" was born. This is a formula put forward by von Carmen and made by Qian Xuesen, which is still widely used in aviation technology research.
However, when Qian Xuesen learned the news of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the scientist who always missed his motherland was immersed in great joy. Qian Xuesen lived in the United States for more than 10 years, also known as "the first leading rocket expert in the United States", with money, status and reputation. But he thought: I am from China, and my roots are in China. I can give up everything in America, but I can't give up my motherland. I should return to my motherland as soon as possible and contribute all my strength to building a new China! He also told China students: "The motherland has been liberated, and the country urgently needs to build talents. We should quickly apply what we have learned to the construction of the motherland. "
Qian Xuesen's decision to return to China caused panic in the United States. They believe that if Qian Xuesen's expertise is brought back, China's science and technology will advance at a high speed. A US Navy official once said to an American official in charge of leaving the country: "I would rather shoot Qian Xuesen than let him leave the United States!" Qian Xuesen is worth at least five divisions.
Qian Xuesen's plan to return to China was seriously blocked. Official American documents informed him that he was not allowed to leave the United States. It turned out that his luggage had been loaded on the barge and was ready to be transported back to the motherland by water. However, the US Customs insisted that the books and notebooks he wanted to bring back to China contained important secrets and slandered Qian Xuesen as a "spy". In fact, some of these books and notebooks are open textbooks, and some are Qian Xuesen's own academic research records.
A wave of unrest, another wave. A few days later, Qian Xuesen was suddenly arrested, detained in an island detention center and tortured. Every night, the guards come into the room and turn on the light every 10 minutes, which makes him unable to sleep at all. Qian Xuesen's experience aroused the sympathy of colleagues and students of California Institute of Technology who insisted on justice. Under the strong protest of them and other upright people, united states secret service was forced to release him. But the persecution of Qian Xuesen did not stop. They restricted his movements, monitored and checked his letters, telephone calls and so on. Despite all kinds of restrictions, Qian Xuesen did not give in. He kept making solemn demands: resolutely leave the United States and go back to China!
During his efforts to return to China, Qian Xuesen paid more attention to the construction of the motherland. He often learned about the situation of new China from newspapers and periodicals such as Overseas Chinese Daily, and discussed issues related to the construction of the motherland with China scientists and overseas students. In order to return to China quickly, he rented a house and signed a short-term contract I have prepared three light boxes at home, ready to fly back to China at any time every day.
Five years have passed. Qian Xuesen's struggle to return to China won the support of people who uphold justice all over the world, and also received great care from the China government. Premier Zhou Enlai personally understood his situation, and instructed the China delegates attending the Sino-US ambassadorial talks to raise the issue of Dr. Qian Xuesen's return to China during the talks.
1In August, 955, the diplomatic struggle finally won, and the US government was forced to allow Qian Xuesen to return to China.
The morning after his arrival in Beijing, Qian Xuesen came to Tiananmen Square with his wife and two children. He said excitedly, "I believe I can definitely return to my motherland. Now, I am finally back! "
Qian Xuesen, who broke through many obstacles to return to China, plunged into the study of military science. He devoted himself to studying what he had learned, paid close attention to foreign scientific trends, and constantly introduced new scientific research achievements, making great contributions to the national defense cause of the motherland. Known as the "father of missiles", he was awarded the honorary title of "National Model Worker" by the State Council.
How many people dream of living in America and being hired as tenured professors. But for the prosperity of the motherland, Qian Xuesen gave up all this. Today, when the economic tide hits the society like a scourge, Qian Xuesen's patriotic words and deeds undoubtedly condense the soul of the Chinese nation and show the shocking power of patriotism to people with lofty ideals.
Li Siguang, born on October 26th, 1889/kloc-0, is a paleontologist, stratigraphy scientist, geotectonist, Quaternary glaciologist and geologist. Mongols. Huanggang, Hubei. 19 19 and 1927 received their master's degrees and doctor's degrees from the University of Birmingham, UK, respectively. I studied in Japan and England. Joined the League in his early years and participated in the Revolution of 1911. Professor of Geology Department of Peking University and Director of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 19491June19, when he was wandering abroad, he was appointed as the vice president of China Academy of Sciences. After returning to China, he served as the minister of geology of the government and the chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology for a long time. Li Siguang has served as Vice Chairman of the Second, Third and Fourth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Minister of Geology, Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology and Vice Chairman of World Association of Scientists.
He is one of the pioneers of geology in China, founded geomechanics, and made important contributions to the development of petroleum industry in China. In his early years, he had a superb study on Odonata fossils and their stratigraphic stratification significance. It is suggested that there are Quaternary glaciers in eastern China. This paper studies the crustal movement and its relationship with mineral distribution from the mechanical point of view, and establishes new concepts of geomechanics and tectonic system. Throughout his life, he advocated studying the occurrence, development and combination of geological structures from the perspective of mechanics, and believed that various structural characteristics were the result of in-situ stress activities, and established the concept of "structural system" and geomechanics school. The discovery of Daqing and Shengli oil fields confirmed that the tertiary subsidence of Neocathaysia has broad oil and gas exploration prospects. It creates a method of earthquake prediction by combining active structure research with in-situ stress observation. Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology published in his later years had a far-reaching impact on the interdisciplinary advocacy in China. It has made great contributions to the development of geological education, geological science and geological undertakings in China. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences. He is the author of The Main Causes of Image Changes on the Earth's Surface, China North Training Project, China Geology, Lushan Mountain in the Ice Age, Introduction to Geomechanics and Anthology of Astronomy, Geology and Paleontology. 1971On April 29th, Li Siguang died of illness at the age of 82.
Li Siguang was born in a rural teacher's family in Xiazhangjiawan Village, huilong town, Huanggang County, Hubei Province. When I was a child, I went to the village with my father to read the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" and learn to write poetry. He is studious and loves his work. Because he often listened to his father's stories about the Sino-Japanese naval battle in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China's fiasco, the corrupt and incompetent Qing government, and the humiliation of power and country, he was full of patriotic enthusiasm since he was a child. He made up his mind that when he grew up, he would live up to his expectations of China, learn to build ships and defeat imperialist aggression. 1902, a new school opened in Hunan and Hubei. Li Siguang left home, went to Wuchang, the provincial capital, and was admitted to West Road High School. Because I was among the best in every exam, I was sent to Japan for further study by Hubei Province in less than two years, and I didn't graduate. In July, 1904, I arrived in Tokyo and went to Hongwen College to study Japanese.
1In August, 905, Dr. Sun Yat-sen personally led the League to join the China League, becoming the youngest member of the first group. Seeing that he was young, Sun Yat-sen encouraged him to "learn from him and make him serve the country". Since then, Li Siguang has strengthened his determination to study hard and serve China. 1907 In July, he was admitted to Osaka Higher Institute of Technology to study shipbuilding machinery. Initially realized the desire to learn shipbuilding for the motherland. 19 10 graduated in July and returned to China as a teacher and director of Wuchang Hubei secondary technical school. At the turn of autumn and winter in the following year, I took part in the sixth palace examination for returned overseas students held by the Qing court, and won the title of "Top Scholar in Engineering" with excellent results. In June of the same year, 65438+ 10/0, Wuchang Uprising succeeded and overthrew the Qing government. Wuchang established the Hubei Army Dudufu, and Li Siguang first served as the financial counselor of Dudufu, and was later elected as the Minister of Industry of Hubei Province. 19 12 June, changed to director of the industry department. Soon, Yuan Shikai stole power and usurped the fruits of the revolution, and the Revolution of 1911 failed. Li Siguang, who was depressed, angrily resigned as the director of the Industry Department. I'm not too old to be old. I'd better study hard for 10 years and prepare for my strength. 1965438+In July, 2003, he was informed by the Provisional Memorial Bureau that he would go to the UK to study at public expense and enter Birmingham University. Considering that shipbuilding for the motherland is inseparable from steel, if steel is to be made, it must be smelted first. So I studied mining for a year, and felt that mining could not be separated from geology. Then I decided to transfer to the department of science geology and began to specialize in geology. Embarked on the road of "saving the country through science".
While studying in the UK, under the guidance of Professor W.S. Bolton, Li Siguang read extensively and made field trips, which not only deepened his academic attainments, but also improved his written language rapidly. English, Japanese, German and French are all acceptable. He has broad vision, agile information and profound basic knowledge. 1965438+In June 2008, he passed the defense of the graduation thesis "Geology of China" of Birmingham University and obtained the master's degree in natural science.
After graduation, he turned down a well-paid job abroad. 19 19 accepted the letter of appointment from Mr. Cai Yuanpei, president of the National Peking University, after inspecting the geology in Europe. 1920 in may, he returned to Beijing and became a professor of geology in Peking University. While cultivating talents for the motherland, we actively participate in some important school affairs activities of Peking University. Many important scientific research work has achieved creative results. His fame grew and he soon became one of the famous professors in Peking University at that time. 1in the winter of 927, at the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he went south to Shanghai to participate in the preparation of the Institute of Geology of Academia Sinica. 1928 1 Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences was established, with Li Siguang as its director until the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Before the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was the head and professor of the Department of Geology in Peking University.
1934- 1936 according to the agreement on the exchange of professors between China and Britain, he was invited to give lectures in Britain and teach China geology in eight universities including London, Cambridge, Oxford, Dublin and Birmingham. After completing the lecture, Geology of China was officially published in London. In addition to the English version, this book also has a Russian translation and a Chinese abstract. Academic circles give high praise to it. Dr Joseph Nieboham of Britain called the author "one of the most outstanding geologists". 1936 visited the United States on his way back to China, and with the assistance of student Zhu Sen, he made a field trip to American geology from east to west. After returning to China, I lived in Lushan Mountain and studied Quaternary glaciers. In the second year of the July 7th Incident, the whole country lit an anti-Japanese bonfire. Li Siguang led colleagues from Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences to move inward.
1938-1in the summer of 944, based on Liangfeng, Guilin, and relying on the support of local authorities in Guangxi, the geological survey of Guangxi was carried out and the geological map of Guangxi was compiled. I have traveled long distances for many times to investigate the geology in the eastern part of Nanling, and to investigate the Quaternary glacier relics in eastern Sichuan, western Hubei, western Hunan, northern Guangxi and Guizhou Plateau. Wrote a lot of academic papers. In the meantime, Guilin Science Experimental Museum was established as the curator to develop necessary research and experimental equipment and instruments for wartime. 1944165438+10, the Institute of Geology of Academia Sinica moved to Chongqing again. Li Siguang fell ill in Shapingba because of the tiredness of the journey. Fortunately, I went to the doctor in time, and my body was obviously weak after recovery. 1In April and May of 1945, at the joint invitation of Chongqing University and Central University, he gave an academic report on "Fundamentals and Methods of Geomechanics" for the teachers and students of the geology departments of the two universities. This is the first summary of his geomechanics research for more than 20 years. On August 1945 and 15, the Japanese army announced its surrender, and the people of the whole country rejoiced. However, the haze of civil war soon appeared, and Li Siguang was worried and anxious about it.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/946, he left Chongqing and went straight to Shanghai for illness instead of Nanjing. At this time, he felt that although his motherland was big, it seemed difficult to find a place to live. Until1February, 948, when attending 18 international geological society in London, Mrs. Xu Shubin went to England by boat again and was awarded the doctorate of philosophy by the University of Oslo, Norway. 19491kloc-0/Li Siguang was very excited to learn the good news of the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the coast of the English Channel. Immediately ready to leave for home, in order to get rid of the obstruction of the Kuomintang embassy in Britain, he first went alone under a pseudonym, went to Basel via Paris, waited for his wife to board the ship in Italy, drifted at sea for several months, and was sent by Ye Jianying to meet him on April 6, 1950, and finally returned to the motherland. On May 6th, I arrived in Beijing, and met with the leaders of the Central Committee, including Dong, and had a long talk.
After Li Siguang returned to New China, he served as vice president of China Academy of Sciences and member of the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. At the first National Congress of Natural Science Workers in China, he was elected as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Natural Science Specialized Societies. In September, China Geological Work Plan Steering Committee was established, with Li Siguang as the chairman. 1952 In September, the Geological Department of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established, with Li Siguang as the minister. It was not until 1970 that the Geological Department was changed to the Geological Bureau of the Planning Commission that he left his post. 1958 In September, China Association for Science and Technology was established, and Li Siguang was elected as its chairman. In 65438+February of the same year, he joined China. 1April, 969, attended the 9th National Congress of China and was elected as the 9th Central Committee member. 1in August, 970, he served as the first deputy head of the core group of the party group of China Academy of Sciences and the head of the science and education group of the State Council. 197 1 passed away on April 29th at the age of 82.
Li Siguang experienced several major social changes in his motherland in his life. From a simple patriot, he took part in the democratic revolution, embarked on the road of "saving the country by science" and eventually became a communist fighter. Throughout his life, he made brilliant achievements in prospering modern science in China, improving the level of geological science and developing geological work. He left behind millions of scientific works and fruitful scientific research achievements, as well as his creative spirit, methods and dedication, which are important treasures in the scientific and cultural treasure house of the motherland, and future generations should continue to carry them forward.
This poem written by Li Siguang in memory of a good student in his early years is also a brilliant portrayal of his life-long geological science research.
You swam past me on the rugged Wuling Road.
The peaks are hidden, surrounded by ringing water heads.
The wind and cloud changed suddenly, and it was golden.
Where is the mountain, the stone trace is eternal.
Attached is Li Siguang's resume
188910/kloc-0 was born in Xiazhangjiawan Village, huilong town, Huanggang County, Hubei Province on October 26th.
1904 ——1907 studied in Japan and entered the comprehensive department of Hongwen College in Tokyo.
1In August, 905, he joined the China League in Tokyo.
1907 ——1910 In July, he entered Osaka Higher Institute of Technology to study shipbuilding machinery. After graduation, he served as a teacher of secondary technical school in Hubei Province.
19 1 1 year1October-191February, successively served as the counselor of the financial department of Hubei military government, the director of the industrial department of Hubei military government, and the secretary of the Hubei Youth League branch.
191310 June-1918 June, entered the University of Birmingham, England, and studied mining first, then geology. Master degree in natural science.
1920 returned to China as a professor of geology in Peking University.
1928 1 Director of the Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica.
193 1 was awarded the doctor's degree in natural science by the University of Birmingham, England.
1934 ——1936 gave a lecture in England in April, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Oslo, Norway.
1937165438+10 led the Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Sciences to move to Guilin, Guangxi.
18In August, 1948, he went to Britain to attend the18 International Geological Congress held in London.
1950 returned to Beijing in May. Attended the second session of the First National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, Director of China Geological Work Plan Directors Association, Chairman of the All-China Federation of Natural Science Professional Societies.
1951April was elected as the vice chairman of the Executive Committee of the World Association of Scientists.
1September 1952, Minister of Geology of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Geomechanics laboratory was established in February 1956, and served as the director of the laboratory. 1958, the laboratory was changed into a research institute and served as the director.
1958 was awarded a foreign academician by the Soviet Academy of Sciences in June. In August, he served as director of the Atomic Energy Commission of China Academy of Sciences. In September, he served as chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. Joined China in February 65438.
1969 was elected as a member of the 9th Central Committee of China in April.
1In August, 970, he was appointed as the leader of the State Council Science and Education Group.
197 1 passed away in Beijing on April 29th.