If it is not ideal, what is the difference with salted fish? -Stephen Chow
As soon as the brocade came out, there was a river of blood.
The Royal Guards originated from Gong Wei Department originally established by Zhu Yuanzhang, and later upgraded to the pro-military Dewey House with a Luan Department. Hongwu became a Royal Guards in fifteen years.
Royal Guard, responsible for guarding, arresting and imprisoning ... Take flying fish clothes, wear embroidered spring knives and wait on the left and right. ...
The strength of the Royal Guards is the same for the time being.
The purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's establishment of the Royal Guards is very clear, that is, to engage in public security, from peddlers and pawns to court officials. In the four major cases in the early Ming Dynasty, Jin Yiwei was everywhere. Zhu Yuanzhang killed the heroes and corrupt officials who endangered his ruling position. Tens of thousands of people were involved in the four major cases, and it was this sea of blood that created a reputation for the military, civilians, officials and people. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang also noticed that the power of the Royal Guards was too large and slightly balanced. By the time of Emperor Wen Jian, the Royal Guard was abolished. However, by the time of Zhu Di in the Ming Dynasty, the Royal Guards were re-established under the command of his hero Jing Nan.
Since then, there has been the Amin Dynasty. Whenever there are major cases, there must be traces of the Royal Guards behind them.
The guard is pro-military both inside and outside.
The image of Royal Guards is negative, and the five-person tomb tablet has played a great role. This article is worthy of being a map cannon, and it is obviously the curse of the eunuch. By the way, even the Royal Guards were scolded. In addition, the author is a literary school, which naturally spreads widely. Just like the all-weather advertisements around CCTV today, it is natural to have a negative impression on Jinyiwei.
Although the Royal Guards in history have been criticized, they have made great contributions to the country. Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, led many expeditions to northern Mongolia, surrounded by Royal Guards. Zheng He's seven voyages to the West were escorted by a Royal Guards. During the Chenghua period, with the decrease of stable wars in border areas, the Royal Guards did not go into battle, but the reconnaissance of external forces never relaxed. During the Wanli period, Royal Guards sent people into Japan to spy on information and fought an amazing intelligence war in the Japanese invasion of Korea. There are not many records about this in Ming history, but most of them are recorded in North Korea's Record of the Li Dynasty.
Even the first person in history who knew about Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, besides the Japanese themselves, was also a security guard spying on information. However, from Ma Gui, commander-in-chief on the battlefield, to Emperor Wanli in Beijing, they all expressed doubts about this news and thought it was a plan of the Japanese army.
What is even less well known is that the Royal Guards can not only mount a horse to fight, but also dismount and raise elephants. Elephants are ceremonial animals with special significance in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Hongzhi period, an elephant house was built in Beijing, which was carefully cared for by the Royal Guards, and elephants received etiquette training. They have to take care of elephants and manage elephant trainers. It's really omnipotent.
Where did the Royal Guards go after the demise of the Ming Dynasty?
The number of Royal Guards reached the peak of1100,000 people in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Emperor Jiajing was also surprised by this figure and ordered tens of thousands of royal guards to be cut in one breath.
In the first month of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng proclaimed himself Emperor Dashun in Xi 'an, and then he divided his troops into two ways to crusade against the Ming Dynasty. Beijing is located in the hinterland of North China Plain. Since ancient times, there have been only two offensive routes from south to north. One is to attack from the west through the land of gold. The other route is to cross the Yellow River along the Huaihe River and advance all the way from the plain. So Li Zicheng led the main force from Xi 'an, swept Datong, Taiyuan, Jiubian town of Fu Xuan, and attacked Beijing from the east of Juyongguan. On the other hand, the subordinate generals led their troops back to the Yellow River, cutting off the way for the imperial army to retreat from the south.
In March of this year, Shunjun captured Datong Fu Xuan, and the company commanders surrendered in succession, shaking the capital. The imperial court did not expect that in less than half a month, two Jiubian towns fell. At this time, Emperor Chongzhen could only rely on Guan Ningjun of Wu Sangui in Shanhaiguan and several troops in Shandong. However, the internal disputes in the imperial court led to the missing of the best opportunity to dispatch troops. On March 16, Shunjun Pioneer arrived in Beijing. 17, Li Zicheng personally led more than 100,000 troops to attack Beijing. /kloc-On the evening of 0/8, Beijing fell, and Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park.
At the most critical time in Beijing, the huge Royal Guards basically didn't work. According to the truth, there are tens of thousands of people in the Royal Guards even if half of the peak is removed. Even if you can't meet the enemy, you can be competent to escort the emperor to sneak. But in fact, the pro-military function of the Royal Guards has changed since Hongzhi. Since then, the Royal Guards have been like an embroidered pillow for more than a hundred years. Daming's Beijing has suffered the same embarrassment as Kaifeng at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty: after hundreds of years of training, there are no available soldiers.
At the last moment, the Royal Guards also had a highlight moment. Li Ruolian, the 70-year-old commander of the South Hall of the Royal Guards, led the Royal Guards loyal to the emperor to fight against Shunjun in Chongwenmen. This may be the most intense battle in the whole Beijing offensive and defensive war. Relying on the fortification of the city gate, the Royal Guards fought fiercely with the elite of Shunjun. Chongwenmen corpse pillow messy, rivers of blood. In the end, the number of Royal Guards occupies an absolute disadvantage.
Unfortunately, a small number of loyal and brave security guards can't reverse the decadence of the whole security department, and more people choose to drag out an ignoble existence and surrender. Shun army broke the city, and the Royal Guards, the chief of the Royal Guards, all surrendered to Li Zicheng. A month later, on April 30th, the Qing army entered the customs, and the main force of Dashun Army was defeated in Li Zicheng. Luo led his men to surrender to Manchu.
Luo is the true epitome of Royal Guards in the late Ming Dynasty. Although the description of him in the Draft of Qing History is short, it is very intriguing.
Nourishing nature, when the official Royal Guards were in Chongzhen, it was quite practical. The deaths of college students Wu Ji and Zhou Yanru are both powerful. Come down and give it to the governor. Find a job, or add Prince Taifu and Zuo DuDu to join the Prince Taishi. Seeking self-efficacy and obtaining Zhejiang palmprint system. Pawn.
Luo's cultivation is "very practical", but he can't do anything and can't do anything well. As the highest official of the Royal Guards, he should be loyal to the emperor and obey the officials. However, he attached himself to the literati and sought benefits for himself in the party struggle. After surrendering to the Qing Dynasty and being dismissed, he continued to submit his resume as an official without looking. Such talents are also the best.
The last royal guard
The last security officer was Ma Jixiang of Nanming, who was listed as one of the four ministers of Nanming and Northern China by later historians. However, no matter how criticized, his loyalty is beyond doubt. He followed Emperor Li Yong all the time during the wandering years of Nanming court. Li Yong's court was established in Fujian, and fought against the Qing army all the way. It retreated from Fujian to Guangdong, then retreated all the way, passed by nobles, Guangxi and Yunnan, and finally went into exile in Myanmar. In the end, the phoenix is not as good as a chicken. The government in exile was first disarmed by the Burmese army and then slaughtered by the Burmese side. Ma Jixiang died to protect the emperor, and the Royal Guards came to an end with the death of the last commander in chief. Emperor Li Yong was also handed over by Myanmar to the Qing army and was killed in Kunming.
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In the Ming Dynasty, China inherited the mandate of heaven, exiled Tatar, revived China and enjoyed the country for 276 years. In the end, Daming Yichao, Royal Guards, Dongchang and other secret agencies always perished with the country. Many people think that the demise of the Ming Dynasty was also due to the rule of secret agents. On the other hand, the Qing Dynasty ruled the land of China with a corner of the people's power, and its territory was far superior to that of the Ming Dynasty. When it comes to the cruelty of suppressing the people, the Qing Dynasty is even longer than the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty, the Wang dynasty of the Chiang family, which ruled the mainland, also used spy rule extensively, and finally lost to Taiwan Province Province in 22 years.
It can be seen that the system is inherently good or bad, depending on how it is used. For example, Jiang Gong, who went too far, relied heavily on the secret service to eliminate dissidents, but did not cultivate self-morality, turned a blind eye to the corruption problems everywhere in society, and would eventually bite himself. As a government, it should plead for the people, be able to do things, do things and do good deeds. The so-called official is not the master for the people, so it is better to go home and sell sweet potatoes. Not far from Yin Jian, future generations should think carefully.