(1) The credit industry is relatively concentrated. In recent years, investment in real estate, manufacturing, communications and infrastructure has increased rapidly, and bank loan funds have also been concentrated in these industries with the prosperity of the industry. According to international experience, the exposure period of personal mortgage risk is usually 3 to 5 years, and the personal credit business of China real estate industry has only developed in the last 4 years, which means that the banking industry in China has entered the initial stage of mortgage risk. At the same time, the real estate development loans issued by commercial banks in previous years may be in crisis because of the unsalable real estate.

(B) the lack of different levels of default probability estimation and default loss estimation. The current credit customer rating methods of China's commercial banks are relatively rough in terms of overall structure, hierarchical structure, rating procedures, information collection and so on. Moreover, the credit rating used is relatively rough (some banks divide customer credit into four grades, namely AAA, AA, A and BBB, while the Basel Accord requires at least eight grades, with slight increase or decrease in each grade, such as AA+ and AA-). This extensive credit management method was not revealed when the macroeconomic environment was good, but in the current financial crisis environment, it is likely that commercial banks will step on an unknown "mine" and suffer losses in credit assets.

(3) The appraised value of the mortgaged property is high, and there is no renewal mechanism. A large number of loans issued by commercial banks, some of which are mortgage loans, were evaluated when China's economy went up. At that time, the macroeconomic background was still optimistic. Now, with the economic downturn, the value of mortgage (pledge) of banks has shrunk dramatically. For example, in the first half of 2007, the China stock market was extremely hot, and many banks issued a large number of loans with stocks as collateral. With the large-scale evacuation of international hot money and the lifting of the ban on the size and size, the stock price has fallen and may remain in a depressed state for a long time, which undoubtedly brings great risks to the mortgage (pledge) loans of commercial banks. Moreover, commercial banks are weak in tracking and managing the mortgaged property of projects under construction and houses without property right certificates, and have not established a dynamic renewal mechanism. Even the mortgage under construction has been completed, and the subsequent mortgage registration procedures have not been completed, which makes the bank's mortgage "suspended".

(D) The organization and methods of credit risk management are not perfect. This is manifested as follows: the credit risk management is scattered and the credit risk management framework is not perfect, so it is difficult to measure and grasp the risk situation as a whole; The measurement and analysis of credit risk is not stipulated as routine in the system.

Yes, I hope you will adopt it.