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Du Fu (7 12-770): a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The words are beautiful, and the poetry tastes like an old man who claims to be young and wild. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he moved to Gongxian (now Henan) since his great-grandfather. Du Yes's grandson. I am studious, knowledgeable and politically ambitious since I was a child. In the late kaiyuan period, there were many literati wandering around. Tianbao met Li Bai in Luoyang in 744. After living in Chang 'an (now Shaanxi) for nearly ten years, he failed to display his talents, lived in poverty, gradually approached the people, and had a deep understanding of the dark politics at that time. By offering gifts, you can get an official. An Lushan's troops were trapped in Chang 'an, but fled to Fengxiang, where they met Su Zong, and officials left to meet them. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing with Su Zong, and explored the way for the Four Duke of Huazhou to join the army. Soon, he gave up his official position and went to Qin Zhou and Tonggu. He moved to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage on Huanhuaxi, named Huanhuacaotang. He once served as a staff officer in Jiannan, our ambassador to Yanwu, and was a foreign minister of the school department. In his later years, he took his family out of Shu and died on the way to Xiangjiang River. Speaking of Lei Yang's death. His poems boldly exposed the social contradictions at that time, profoundly criticized the rulers' sins and showed deep sympathy for the poor people. Being good at choosing social themes with universal significance reflected the political corruption at that time and expressed the people's wishes to some extent. Many excellent works show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from Kaiyuan to Tianbao to division and decline, so they are called "the history of poetry". In art, he is good at using various poetic forms, with diverse styles, mainly depressed; The language is concise and expressive. Inheriting and developing the excellent literary tradition since The Book of Songs has become the peak of realism in China's ancient poetry, which plays an important role in connecting the past with the future. Poems such as "Military Vehicle Shop", "Going from Beijing to Fengxian to recite 500 words", "Spring Hope", "Qiang Village", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials", "Three Farewells", "Autumn Wind Breaking Cottage" and "Autumn Prosperity" are all told by people. But some works also have a strong "loyalty to the monarch" thought. This is Du Gongbu. (Cihai 1989 Edition)
Biography of Wen Yuan's Old Tang Dynasty
Du Fu, a native of Xiangyang, moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. Great-grandfather followed the art and finally made his position. Zu said that in the end, the food and beverage department was a member of the foreign lang, and it had its own biography. When my father is free, he will eventually serve heaven.
At the beginning of Tianbao (note: it should be the last year of Kaiyuan), you should be a scholar. At the end of Tianbao, three gifts were presented. Xuanzong was at fault, called for the examination of the text, and awarded Cao, a soldier of Jingzhao government, to join the army (note: especially the government should be led to join the army). In fifteen years, Lushan was the capital, and Su Zong recruited Lingwu. I just fled Beijing at night and went to Hexi (note: I have never been to Hexi). I was demoted to Pengyuan (note: Fengxiang) to worship the right to pick up the bones (note: left to pick up the bones). If only the house [crown] were cloth. [Crown] When you are a prime minister, ask yourself to be a thief.
Emperor Xu Zhi. In October of that year, [Wang Guan] was defeated by Chen Tao Oblique. Next spring, [Crown] will go on strike. It's just that the recital only says [Wang Guan] and should not be removed. In a rage, Su Zong demoted [Wang Guan] to the secretariat, and just joined the army as Hua Sigong. At the time of the enfeoffment, the grain in the valley was expensive, and I happened to live in Tonggu County, Chengzhou (note: Qin Zhou was missed above Chengzhou). At my own expense, several people were hungry. For a long time, I was asked to make up for the Gongcao of Jingzhao House (note: it was the first year that Zong Guangde lived in Langzhong).
Last winter, Zheng Guogong, assistant minister of Huangmen in Yanwu Town, Chengdu (note: Wu Fan Town, Chengdu), moved to Dongchuan and withdrew from Xichuan in the second year of last year, taking Mianzhou as the secretariat. It was the second year of Zong Guangde, and assistant minister Huang Men was appointed as the governor of Jiannan. It played a foreign minister who participated in the planning and proofreading of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Shangshu, and was given a fish bag (note: this was after Yan Zaizhen, not Shangyuan). Both Wu and Fu are old and have long treatment. He is impulsive, reckless and indulgent. He drunk and tasted the bed of martial arts, stared at martial arts and said, "Yan Ting has this son!" " Although the martial arts are violent, they are not embarrassed. In Chengdu, I spent flowers, planted bamboo and trees, built houses by the river to rest, drank and sang, and hung out with the fields freely. Yanwu experienced it. Sometimes not crowned. Its proud birthday is like this. In the summer of the first year of Yongtai, he died helpless (on a business trip to eastern Sichuan, with public poems as evidence, before he died).
And Guo Ying □ (the left part of "Qie") is a martial man in Chengdu, the town of Daiwu. He is rude and incompetent, and resists traveling to Shu Dong, so he is suitable for Gao (note: he was not in Shu Dong when he was in Beijing, so he was not suitable for the public). When you come, it's appropriate to die. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, Cui Ning killed Britain, and Yang Zilin made great contributions to give up, causing chaos in central Sichuan. She just took refuge in Jingchu (note: she lived in Shu for two years, which was a historical oversight), took her home and took a boat down the gorge. Without the boat, there was chaos in Jiangling (note: there were no police in Jiangling at that time), but I walked back along the Hunan River, arrived at Hengshan and lived in Leiyang (note: I went to Chenzhou by boat, but I never lived in Leiyang's ear). I can't eat for ten days, because I just tasted the Yue Temple and was blocked by the raging water. Leiyang ordered people to know, so he returned from the ship. In the second year of Yongtai (note: it is regarded as the second year of Dali), he spit beef and white wine and died in Leiyang overnight (note: this statement comes from a novelist in the Tang Dynasty, which is not credible and should be corrected by public poetry), at the age of nine out of fifty. Zi Zongwu died in Hunan. In Yuanhe Middle School, Zongwu's business was moved from Leiyang to Fuxi's coffin (note: Yuanshi County wrote a tomb system, without Leiyang articles) and was buried in front of shouyangshan in the northwest of Yanshi.
At the end of Tianbao, the poet was as famous as Li Bai, while Bai Wenfeng was conceited and laughed at him for being dirty. (Note: The Tang Dynasty's "Poetry Art" says: Du Fu said in Taibai Opera: "A mountain of rice meets Du Fu, and Li Tou goes out in the afternoon. Don't be too thin to ask questions. You used to lose money writing poems. " Guy laughed at his restraint. This poem is too white to contain. In Yuanhe, the poet Yuan Zhen evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of Li He. Since then, those who belong to literature have regarded Zhen's theory as correct.
Biography of New Tang Poetry
Just beautiful words, less poverty, no self-vibration, guest Wu, Chu, Qi, Zhao. Li Yong's wonderful material, go and have a look first. Take the Jinshi, miss the first place, and get stuck in Chang' an. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Xuanzong presented Taiqing Palace, Temple and Suburb to the imperial court, and just wrote three poems. The emperor was frightened, made them set up Jixian Academy, and ordered the Prime Minister to try writing, but not to worship. Gai Youwei led Fu to join the army. On the number of tributes, he claimed to be Tao because of his high position, and said: "Forgive my predecessors, and be an official from now on, and try to judge the words of the eleventh century, and the article shows China." Minister Lai Xuye was resigned at the age of seven and was naked for forty years. He often delivers food to people. I was afraid that I would turn to death, but I was pitied by the emperor. If the story of the first minister is held, it will be a long time of humiliation to pull out the mud. However, the minister's narrative is not enough to advocate the Six Classics, and the philosophers will be depressed and frustrated, which can be achieved by Yang Xiong and Gao Mei. With such a minister, your majesty will bear it! "
When Lushan was in chaos, the son of heaven entered Shu, just to avoid Sanchuan (note: Sanchuan County belongs to Lulin State). Su Chu, since Lu Linzhou, wants to run, and earns it as a thief. In the second year in Germany, he died in Yu Fengxiang, went to court, and worshipped Zuo to pick up the body. Make friends with Fang [Crown]. Wang Bi was defeated and Dong was demoted to prime minister. It is not appropriate to avoid the minister, because it is a sin to speak loudly in public. The emperor was angry, so he asked the third division to question him. Prime Minister Zhang Gao said, "If you just make amends, you will make a slip of the tongue." The emperor is the solution. Just after thanking him, he said, "(Wang Guan) is the prime minister, not independent. He is a pure Confucian and has courtesies. Speaking of Xu [Wang Guan], it's not as good as public assistance. Your Majesty agrees. It can be seen that he deeply cares about the main worry, and the meaning is in color. Nature is lost in simplicity, but cool likes playing drums. Under Tinlanto [Wang Guan], poverty and illness were compounded, relying on the old to sell the old. [Crown] Cherish human feelings and defile them. I lamented that his fame was not achieved and his ambition was frustrated. Your majesty gave up the details, so he risked his life to say it. It is against the sacred heart to be involved in a recent earthquake. Your Majesty forgives all the deaths of my ministers and gives them bones again. Fortunately, the world is not only blessed by my minister. " However, the emperor is not very economical.
At that time, when there were many mouths, I lived in a deer house, which was difficult all the year round. My mother was weak and starved to death because Xu Fu went to visit relatives in the province. From returning to Beijing, (note: the weak children starved to death, which is the fourteen years from Beijing to Fengxian. If you go to [Lulian] to welcome you back, you will join the army in the second year of Zhide as the Four Duke of Huazhou. Seeing that I was hungry, I had to abandon my official position. Guest in Qin Zhou, self-sufficient by picking oak chestnuts with a negative salary. Living in Chengdu, West Guo Jiannan, building a house. It is not enough to enlist Jing Cao in the army. Could it be that Yanwu saved the sword and went east to give up and then to Yi Yan? Wu Zaishuai Jiannan, his name is Yuan Wailang from the Staff Inspection Department. Taking the past as the past is good for you and close to your family. Just seeing, or not wearing a towel. But he was arrogant and arrogant, tasted the martial arts bed and stared: "Yan Ting has this son!" Kung fu is also very powerful. If you don't feel embarrassed outside, you win in the middle. One day, he wanted to kill Fu and Zizhou, the secretariat of Zhang Yi, and gathered officials at the door. When the military commander came out, his crown was hooked in Act III. Left and right white his mother, ran to save, killed Yi alone (note: it is not credible to say that "friends of Yunxi". According to "Kao Gong Shi", he came to Shu Town, and Zhang Yi has entered the pilgrimage). Wu Wu's death, Cui's [Sun Gan's] rebellion, etc. just happened between Zizi and Kuier (note: Ziyou is a matter between Baoying and Guangde, and only stays in Kuier). During the Lunar New Year, I went out of Qutang, down Jiangling, back to Yuanxiang and climbed Mount Hengshan. Because of the guests Leiyang and Yue Yue Temple, the flood came and I was not allowed to eat for ten days. The county magistrate had a boat to pick him up, so I took it back. Let the taste feed the cow with white wine and die drunk (note: this paragraph is the same as the old history), 59 years old.
Let go without self-examination, talk about world affairs, and be high without cutting. Less famous with Li Bai, the time number is "Du Li". Taste from Baiji Gaoyi to Bianzhou, drunk, boastful, bold and nostalgic, unpredictable. A few messy smells are quite innocent. Sing a poem, when you are hurt, you will be weak and you will never forget your feelings. People will pity your loyalty.
Praise: Tang Xing, a poet, inherited Chen, was romantic and honored. To the Song Dynasty, Shen [Du] period, the research was noisy, and the floating cut was not bad, but the poems were followed. Grasp kaiyuan, and cut it into elegance. However, all those who rely on China are rebellious, all the beauty is strong, and all the same are notoriously strong. To Fu, Hunhan, ancient and modern. Others are not enough, just bored. Residual ointment is better than incense, and there are many people who touch beggars. So Yuan Zhen said that the poet came, and there is nothing more beautiful than Zi. Fu is good at telling current events, and his method is profound, so many words are declining, which is a history of poetry. Changli Hanyu is very cautious about the permission of the article. As for songs and poems, he only said: "Du Li's articles are there, and the flames are endless." Honest and trustworthy.
Yuan Zhen wrote an inscription for Du Jun's tomb of Yuan Wailang (Jiangling, Cao Shi, Zuo Shi), a minister of the Ministry of Industry in the Tang Dynasty.
Xu Yue: I read this poem to Du Zimei and learned something about size. At the beginning of Yao and Shun, the monarch and the minister were the successors of the post-poet. After more than a thousand years in the Xia, Yin and Zhou Dynasties, 300 pieces were selected for practice, especially those who realized it, and the rest were unknown. The resentment of coquettish people is very complicated, but it is still elegant and close, and it is still comparable. Qin and Han dynasties have been returned, and the poetry collection officer has been abolished. The words of human demons, obituaries of figures, satire and banter are always interspersed. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he presented the poem "Bailiang", but it was full of seven words. Su Ziqing and Li are disciples, especially good at five words. Although the rules of reading sentences are different, the sound of elegance and righteousness is also mixed, but it is concise and far-reaching, and it is impossible to do something, so the text does not make mistakes. After Jian 'an, the scribes in the world were in a panic. Cao Shi and his son are writing poems on the pommel horse. It's majestic and exciting, and it's sad and heartbreaking, especially in ancient times. Kim's world style is a bit. During the Song and Qi Dynasties, teaching lost its foundation, and scholars emphasized simplicity, ease, leisure and emptiness, while literature emphasized elegance, elegance and clearness. Gaiyin wrote the spirit of nature, lingering in the text of the scene. The significance of Gree is solid. As for Liang, Chen and Ling, the carvings are enchanting, and the clever plays are not taken by Song and Qi.
Tang Xing, the government has given a lot of help. Through the history of words, those who can give to each other. Like Shen, Song and others, they study and practice hard and keep their momentum steady, which is called metrical poetry. After that, the text has changed greatly. However, it is not good for the ancients to stay close, and those who serve China must go to reality; Qi Liang failed to catch up with Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Gong Yuefu succumbed to five words. If you behave yourself, you have no bones, and if you are idle, you are not prepared. As for the beauty of children, the so-called elegance, Shen Song, Su Lizhi's words, Cao Liuzhi's swallowing, Yan Xie's lonely cover, Xu Yu's beauty, the most ancient and modern, and everyone's unique. It's not expensive for Zhong Ni to fake his purpose, but it's more than that. If you can do everything you can, no one has been as beautiful as a child since the poet.
At that time, Li Bai, a native of Shandong, was also called "Du Li" by people at that time. I can see that his strong waves are unrestrained, and his images and Yuefu poems are modeled, and his sincerity is not as good as his beauty. In the end, the story layout, mostly rhymes, big or thousands of words, hundreds of times. The words are bold and clear, and the near law abandons everything. Then Li Shang can't pass his Fan Han, and the situation is very impressive! If you want to taste it, you can analyze it. The body is attached to it. It's subject to the people who come, and you're too lazy to listen. Sun knew, enlightened and helped Yan. The Tao is in Jing, but you know that love says that its father is a text and worships it as a ambition. I can't say goodbye, but I remember that he died because of his official position. The department said: In the past, when Yang became the surname of Du Hou, his next ten generations were born, and he was made public. According to art, students judge, judge, be good at poetry, and the official is a member of the food department. Judging words gives birth to leisure, and leisure gives birth to happiness; Laziness is a divine command. Clear pronunciation and mellow voice, Tianbao presented three gifts, which made Ming Di wonder. He ordered the Prime Minister to try writing, be good at writing, and awarded Cao Shu the right-back who led the government. The capital is in chaos, and the steps are in progress. In my spare time, I lost my official position because I told the truth, worked for Huazhou, and sought to recruit Jingzhao Gongcao. Jiannan is the foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry and advises the military. Abandoned, the boat sank between Jingchu and Yueyang, and died unexpectedly at the age of 59. Hong Nong's wife Yang's daughter, and her father's name is Sinon Shao Qingyi, died in 49 years. The heir said that he was a martial arts expert, but he was sick and could not be buried, so he ordered his children to inherit. It is hard enough to clean up beggars, work hard day and night, die for 40 years, and then die for the ambition of our ancestors.
Ming said: On January 1st, the ecliptic is auspicious and auspicious, and it is far away. Meet me in front of Shouyang Mountain. Oh! Thousands of years later, it was called Mr. Wen's ancient grave.
Pu Yin Long wrote Du Fu's outline.
Duji should not be called Caotang. One of the special residences of the thatched cottage should not be the old life.
I want to read Du's poem word for word, so I have to read it first. If there are several songs in a theme, read one chapter at a time. We need to make a film and watch it together. All poems are actually a string.
Read Du Xu's clumsy sentences, speed sentences, harsh sentences, substantive sentences, blunt sentences and rough sentences.
There are three kinds of Tianbao poems: happy for fame, angry for defeat, and worried for chaos.
On the occasion of Xuan and Su, there are many whispers. Readers should screen out negative opinions, condescending opinions and accusing opinions. Lao Du Ai Jun was worried about danger in advance, sarcastic when he had an accident, and sad afterwards. Here is a needle with infinite thickness.
Guest Qin Zhou, the beginning of the visit. That day, I returned to my hometown in the west, because soldiers attacked me in the east, and my family was ruined. As long as Hebei does not waver, there will be no peace in the East. At this point, the second half of the poem is over. Ben passed on the old spectrum, saying it was hunger, so he didn't negotiate.
The poem in Shu only covers the phrase "an official outside the sword is cold". If we hadn't met Yanwu, fleas would have fallen to the east. Kuizhou Shikou only wants to leave the gorge, while Jingzhou and Hunan Shikou just want to return to the north.
It is true that Du Zheyun never forgets Jun at every meal. However, it can only be said that the style of writing is not good. Try to think that a poem is a personal statement, a national event that is inserted in the middle of the waist for no reason, or delayed until the end, mindless, what structure? Du Lao is not. For example, in the poem "Hate Farewell", it is said that Jiang Yang is near victory, and Situ is anxious to break the secluded swallow, so as to sweep away the curse and make a plan to return home. The poem "Out of the Gorge", "The courtiers are dressed up and the kings are in Zhan Lu", "Five clouds are too high, and in June, abandon them." It is said that the country is in chaos and military management, and shame is in the same column as soldiers, so it goes to the southeast. In this way, it is still a sacrifice. Tai Shigong's Biography of Qu Ping said that he was "loyal to the country and never forgot his desire to rebel. He was defeated by Ji Jun once, and one of the customs changed." However, there is nothing to do, so we can't be ironic. This is playing with Du's nostrils. Yixin went to Qinzhou that year for rebellion, not to satisfy hunger, which is the reason.
Poems written on behalf of ancestors are different from national history. History doesn't say that Hebei is troubled, and children worry about it every day; In history, it is not said that the court despised Confucianism, but it is often seen in poetry. It can be seen that historians bear only temporary deeds, while poets show temporary luck. The beauty of poetry is that the pen of history is not everywhere. If you choose the death sentence and ask for help, there is nothing good.
Du Shi and reading ancient books. Children learn a hundred articles, practice makes perfect, natural and sincere, generous, open-minded, inspiring. Reading Du Fu's poems means learning to write poems.