Reasons for the failure of Jian Zhen's eastward crossing: first false accusation, detention and first abortion; The second Du Dong was shipwrecked in the Yangtze River estuary, and the second Du Dong had to give up; In order to retain Jian Zhen, the monks in Yuezhou accused the government for the third time that Japanese monks were hiding in China, and the government sent troops to capture Rong Rui, so there was no following for the third time. The fourth eastbound trip was blocked by the local government of Yangzhou, so it was also dropped; Jian Zhen was 60 years old when he went to the East for the fifth time. He was caught in a storm at sea and was rescued after drifting for many days. His beloved disciple sat down again. Due to grief and overwork, Jian Zhen was unfortunately blind, and his fifth trip to the East ended in failure.

first time

In the winter of 742, Jian Zhen and his disciples (265,438+0), together with four Japanese monks, went to Donghe Jiji Temple near Yangzhou to build a ship and prepare for the eastward crossing.

At that time, Japanese monks were holding official letters that Prime Minister Li got from his brother Li, so local official Cang Cuo also gave assistance. Unexpectedly, one of Jian Zhen's disciples, Dao Xing, joked with a younger brother, Ruhai, saying, "Everyone is highly respected and the industry is obsolete. If you learn as little as the sea, you can stop. " If you believe it, you will break into a furious rage and falsely accuse Jian Zhen and his party of colluding with pirates to build ships and prepare to attack Yangzhou. When pirates were rampant, an interview in Huainan alarmed Ben Qian Jing and sent someone to detain all the monks. Although they were released soon, they ordered the Japanese monks to return to China immediately, and their first trip to the East was aborted.

second time

In the month of 65438+744 10, after careful preparation, Jian Zhen and other 17 monks (including the hidden Rong Rui and Pu Zhao) set out again, together with 85 hired craftsmen such as "carving, casting, writing, embroidering, writing and carving monuments", totaling 100. As a result, before she went to sea, she was shipwrecked at Langgoupu in the Yangtze River estuary. No sooner had the ship been repaired than it went out to sea and was blown to an island in Zhoushan Islands by strong winds. Five days later, everyone was rescued and moved to Asoka Temple in Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang) to settle down. After the spring, temples in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Hangzhou, Huzhou and Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui) invited Jian Zhen to give lectures, and the second trip to the East ended.

the third time

After the lecture tour, Jian Zhen returned to Ashoka Monastery and prepared to go to the East again. After learning this, the monks in Yuezhou accused Japanese monks of hiding in China in order to keep Jian Zhen, with the purpose of "luring" Jian Zhen to Japan. So the government put Rong Rui in prison and sent him to Hangzhou. Rong Rui pretended to be ill on the road, before he could escape. The third trip to the East is over.

the fourth time

Because it is inconvenient for Jiangsu and Zhejiang to go to sea for generations, Jian Zhen decided to buy a boat from Fuzhou and set out from Ashoka Temple with more than 30 people. I was stopped when I first arrived in Wenzhou. It turned out that Ling You, a disciple of Jian Zhen who stayed in daming temple, was worried about the master's safety and begged the Yangzhou government to stop him. Huainan reporter sent someone to stop Jian Zhen and his party from returning to Yangzhou. I can't cross the east for the fourth time.

the fifth time

In 748, Rong Rui and Pu Zhao came to daming temple again and begged Jian Zhen to go to the East. Jian Zhen immediately led 14 monks and 35 craftsmen and sailors, and set off from Chongfu Temple on June 28th of the lunar calendar, heading east again. In order to wait for the downwind, Jian Zhen and his party stayed in Zhoushan Islands for several months after leaving the Yangtze River, and could not go to sea until June 165438+ 10. In the East China Sea of China, the ship encountered a strong north wind. It drifted continuously 14 before it saw land, and it took 16 before it landed. It was found that it had drifted to Zhou Zhen (now Sanya) and settled in Dayun Temple.

Jian Zhen stayed in Hainan for one year, bringing a lot of Central Plains culture and medical knowledge to the local area. Up to now, there are still Jian Zhen relics in Sanya, such as "Sunbathing Slope" and "Large and Small Cave Dwellings".

After that, Jian Zhen returned to the north, passed through Wan 'an Mansion (now Wanning, Hainan), Yazhou (now Haikou, Hainan), Leizhou and Wuzhou, arrived in Shi 'an County (now Guilin, Guangxi), lived in Jian Zhen and Shi 'an Kaiyuan Temple for another year, and was welcomed to give lectures in Guangzhou. When passing through Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong), Rong Rui died of illness in longxing temple.

In Guangzhou, Jian Zhen wanted to go to Tianzhu and was comforted. After the summer, Jian Zhen continued to leave. When he passed through Shaozhou, he resigned as usual. When he left, Jian Zhen swore that he would not go to Japan. This is not what I want. "At this time, Jian Zhen's blindness was due to the acclimatization and travel fatigue, and he was mistaken for a quack. After the Tomb of Dayu, Xiang Yan, the great disciple of Jian Zhen, sat down in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), and Jian Zhen was very sad. Then Jian Zhen passed Lushan Mountain, Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and Jiangning County, Runzhou (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and returned to Yangzhou. The fifth eastward crossing is over.

Extended data

Du Dong reason

Jian Zhen, a monk who went to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, is often called "Master Crossing the Sea" and "Great Monk of the Tang Dynasty" in Japan, and his common name is Chunyu. Jiangyang County, Yangzhou (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu).

He became a monk in daming temple, Yangzhou at the age of fourteen. I have visited Chang 'an and Luoyang. After returning to Yangzhou, he restored the temples such as Chongfu Temple and Fengfa Temple, built towers and statues, and gave lectures. Over the past 40 years, more than 40,000 people have shaved and taught precepts to lay people, and Jianghuai is regarded as the master of precepts.

At that time, Japanese Buddhism had incomplete precepts and could not become a monk according to law. In 733 AD (the fifth year of Tian Ping in Japan), monks Rong Rui and Pu Zhao sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, inviting eminent monks to teach the precepts. After visiting for ten years, I decided to invite Jian Zhen. In 742 (the first year of Tang Tianbao), Jian Zhen insisted on being invited eastward despite the dissuasion of his disciples. Due to the obstruction of local officials and the sinister waves at sea, it failed to make it four times. He drifted to Hainan Island for the fifth time, died of honor and illness, and Jian Zhen was blind. 75 1 year (ten years of Tang Tianbao) returned to Yangzhou.

A tortuous process

During their six trips to Japan, Jian Zhen and others encountered many setbacks. Before their first trip, they joked with a monk who was traveling with Jian Zhen. As a result, the monk became angry from embarrassment and falsely accused Jian Zhen and his party of colluding with pirates to build ships. Local officials were shocked when they heard the news and sent people to detain all the monks. So the first trip to the east failed.

Later, it failed one after another, and the fifth eastward crossing was the most tragic. It's been 60 years in Jian Zhen this year. The fleet set out from Yangzhou and just passed near Langshan (now Nantong, Jiangsu), when it was hit by a storm, it took refuge in an island. A month later, I set sail again, and when I arrived in Zhoushan Islands, I was hit by big waves again. When we set sail for the third time, the wind and waves got worse. We drifted south for 14 days, lived by eating raw rice and drinking seawater, and finally reached the south of Hainan Island. On the way home, due to the long journey and overwork, Jian Zhen became seriously ill and became blind.

Jian Zhen's last eastward crossing was not smooth sailing. Just as the fleet set sail, a pheasant suddenly landed on the bow. Jian Zhen thought it was not surprising that the river beach was overgrown with reeds, and the fleet surprised the pheasant. However, the Japanese envoy in Tang thought it was not a good omen, so the fleet turned around and returned, and set sail again the next day, and arrived in Japan through hardships and dangers.

Jian Zhen brought many Buddhist scriptures and medical books to Japan. He presided over important Buddhist ceremonies, systematically taught Buddhist scriptures and became a master of Japanese Buddhism. He instructed Japanese doctors to identify drugs, spread the architectural technology and sculpture art of the Tang Dynasty, and designed and presided over the construction of the Tang Zhaoti Temple. This temple, based on the Buddhist architecture of the Tang Dynasty, is a pearl in the world and has been preserved to this day. After Jian Zhen's death, his disciples made a statue for him. It is still enshrined in the temple and is designated as a "national treasure".

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Jian Zhen Du Dong