I. Water and drainage
Water is the basic component of plants, which can maintain cell expansion, straighten branches and spread leaves, and make flowers plump, upright and bright. Make garden plants give full play to their ornamental effect and greening function. If the soil water content is insufficient, the overground part will stop growing. When the soil water content is lower than 7%, the root system will stop growing, and the root system will seep out due to the increase of soil concentration, resulting in the death of the root system due to water loss. The water demand of the same plant is different in different growth periods of a year. In early spring, there is not much water demand for plant germination, but more water demand in the flourishing period of branches and leaves, more water demand in the flower bud differentiation period and flowering period, and more water demand in the fruiting period.
1, watering period
Using artificial methods to replenish water to soil can be roughly divided into three periods:
1) water for keeping alive: after planting new plants, in order to keep the roots alive, a lot of water must be poured to accelerate the combination of roots and soil, promote root growth and ensure survival.
2) Growing water, summer is the peak of plant growth, at this time, a lot of dry matter is formed, the temperature is high, and the transpiration is also large. Therefore, when the water demand is large and the rain is insufficient, it is necessary to water a lot; In case of drought, water should be watered in Qin Ying.
3) Winter water: Winter water has three major functions: first, water has high specific heat and heat capacity, which can appropriately increase the ground temperature and protect trees from freezing damage; Second, higher ground temperature can delay root dormancy, make root absorb enough water for transpiration consumption, and avoid dead branches; The third is to irrigate enough winter water, so that the soil has sufficient reserve water, which will not be harmed in the next spring drought. In addition to watering in the above three periods, if the plants are fertilized, they should be watered immediately to promote the fertilizer to penetrate into the soil and form a solution that is absorbed by the root system. Watering can dilute the fertilizer concentration without burning the root system.
2, watering frequency and water quantity
Watering frequency: It varies according to the annual rainfall and plant species. Lawn and other ground cover plants need more water, and the frequency (frequency) increases in summer. There are relatively few shrubs and trees. Water quantity: Drought-tolerant varieties need less water, and vice versa. Don't just wet the surface, it's easy to be blown dry in strong wind. Pouring thoroughly means pouring the planting layer, that is, the root. But not too much.
3, water matters needing attention
It is not suitable to water at noon in summer and when the temperature is high, and the large temperature difference causes plant death. In winter, the temperature is low in the morning and evening, which is not suitable for watering, especially at night, which is easy to cause the root system to freeze and die. It is more appropriate to have a higher temperature at noon. At the same time, loosen the soil before watering, cover it with dry soil after watering, and then carry out intertillage to cut off soil capillaries and reduce water evaporation.
Step 4 drain water
When there is water in the soil, it will seriously affect the growth of plants if it is not drained in time. Drainage mode: one is to use natural slope to drain water, and the other is to drain water in drainage ditch;
Second, fertilization.
All kinds of garden plants, especially woody plants, will absorb nutrients at fixed points for a long time. Even if the original soil with high fertility is consumed year by year, the fertility will be reduced. Therefore, the soil should be constantly fertilized to ensure that the planted plants grow vigorously.
1, fertilizer type
Fertilization should be targeted, that is, different fertilizers with different properties should be applied due to different types, ages and growth periods. , in order to get the best results. Fertilizers are usually divided into two categories: quick-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer (also known as inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer): the former is generally used as topdressing fertilizer, while the latter is mostly used as base fertilizer.
2. Fertilization method
Ring-furrow fertilization method: during the dormant period of trees in autumn and winter, according to the crown projection of the outer edge of the ground, the ring furrow with a depth of 30-40 cm (depending on the size of the trees) is dug, and the fertilizer is evenly spread into the furrow, and then it is filled: radial furrow fertilization method, with the root as the center, ditches along the half-root growth hall to the outer edge, from shallow to deep, and each tree opens 5-6 evenly distributed radiations. Another method is to dig a small hole on this disc at regular intervals, and dig 5-6 small holes on a big tree disc: after fertilization, fill the land and apply fertilizer in an all-round way, that is, turn over the whole green space for ordinary fertilization after autumn.
Third, intertillage weeding
Intertillage refers to artificial methods to promote soil surface looseness, thereby increasing soil permeability, improving soil moisture, promoting fertilizer decomposition, and being conducive to root growth. Tillage can also cut off the detention of Cinnamomum camphora, Fengtian and Cryptomeria fortunei forest, plant ball plants to form a green belt, and block the bad landscape outside Lubeiyuan. When planting perennial flowers such as iris, canna, etc., a long flower diameter will be formed at flowering stage = the depth of intertillage should be shallow, and the deep-rooted flowers should be deep, generally more than 5 cm. If combined with fertilization, intertillage should be deepened in sunny days or 2-3 days after rain. When the soil moisture content is 50%-6O%, the best intertillage times are: flowering shrubs at least 1-2 times a year, young trees at least/kloc-0 times a year, and big trees at least/kloc-0 times every other year. In summer, intertillage combined with weeding can kill two birds with one stone, and it should be shallow and deep after autumn, combined with fertilization. Weeds consume a lot of water and nutrients, which affects the growth of garden plants. At the same time, they spread various diseases and pests. Therefore, weeds in garden green space should be removed frequently, and weeding should be based on the principle of "moving, moving small and moving". Weeding is a heavy crop, usually by hand or by hand
Weed with shovels and hoes. Weeds can also be combined with intertillage weeding. It is convenient and economical to use chemical herbicides to weed with high removal rate. Herbicides are divided into two types: inactivated and systemic.
Fourth, plastic trimming.
Plastic pruning is a very important and interesting conservation and management measure in the process of garden plant cultivation. The purpose of plastic pruning is not only to adjust and control the contradiction between the growth and flowering and fruiting of garden plants, but also to meet the requirements of ornamental and achieve beautiful results. The pruning of garden plants is restricted by many factors, such as the plants themselves and the external environment, and it is a very theoretical and practical work.
① There are mainly artificial, natural and mixed methods for shaping and pruning.
② plastic pruning period: plastic pruning of garden plants can be carried out all year round, but it is best to carry out large-scale plastic pruning in dormant period to avoid excessive bleeding and affect the tree potential.
(3) Tree shaping and pruning for various purposes. Trees with various uses are planted in the garden green space. Even the same tree has different requirements for pruning and shaping due to different garden uses. Including shaping and pruning conifers, street trees, shrubs, vines, hedges and landscape trees.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) anti-virus
Some garden plants, especially tree species moved from the south to the north, are difficult to adapt to the cold winter in the north or suffer from late frost after the trees germinate in early spring, which makes the plants wither. In order to prevent the above freezing injury, the following measures can usually be taken.
① Strengthen cultivation management and enhance the cold resistance of trees. ② Freezing water irrigation and spring irrigation; ③ Protect the root neck and root system; ④ Protect the trunk with straw rope; (5) windbreak forest; ⑤ Snow and piling.
Six, Tan Yun lame pest control.
Plants often suffer from various diseases and insect pests during their growth and development. Light causes poor growth and loss of ornamental value, while heavy causes plant death and heavy losses. Therefore, the prevention of pests and diseases is mainly based on prevention, early detection and early prevention. Effectively protect plants and reduce or avoid various pests and diseases.