Brief Introduction of Lv Hou, Empress of Emperor Gaozu.
Lv Zhi (24 1 years ago-1August 80 18 days ago) was called, or Empress Lu, etc. Single father (now Shan County, Shandong Province). Empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (202 BC? Before 195), Gaozu was honored as the empress dowager after his death (before 195? 180), she was the first recorded queen and empress dowager in the history of China. At the same time, Lv Zhi was the first woman to be called the imperial system after Qin Shihuang unified China. She was included in Emperor Zheng Zheng Shi by Sima Qian, and later Ban Gu wrote Han Shu, which is still in use today. She initiated the exclusive rights of consorts in the Han Dynasty. During the period of Lv Zhi's rule, the policy of "Huang Lao Yu Min Shu" was implemented, calligraphy was abolished, and folk books were encouraged to collect donations and restore old books. It laid a good foundation for the later rule of Wenjing. Sima Qian wrote in Historical Records? What does Lv Hou's biography say about her? The government does not leave the house, and the world is in chaos; Punishment is rare, and sinners are hope; People's affairs are cultivated, and food and clothing are cultivated. ? Give great affirmation to Lv Hou's administration.
The Life of Lv Hou, Empress of Emperor Gaozu.
Marry Liu bang
When Lv Zhi married Liu Bang, Liu Bang was just a Sishui Pavilion in Pei County. Lv Zhi first lived in Fu Shan County (now panzhuang, Zhongxing Town, Shandong County) with his father Lv Gong, and later Lv Jia moved to Peixian County to avoid the enemy. Lv Gong has a good relationship with Peixian county magistrate. In order to please their superiors, officials in Peixian county specially congratulated Lujia on their housewarming. Xiao He, the principal official, is responsible for arranging the seats of the guests. He asked the servants to arrange all those who didn't receive 1000 coppers as gifts to sit at the bottom of the hall. Liu Bang, the owner of the museum, thought that the officials in Pei County were nothing, so he filled in a gift. Congratulations, 10 thousand. Actually, I don't have any money at all. When Lv Hou's father knew about it, he was very angry and wanted to drive him away. But he was surprised when he saw it. He thought that Liu Bang would be an extraordinary person in the future, so he was introduced into the hall and took a seat. Xiao He told Lv Gong that Liu Bang would only talk big and not achieve anything. But Lv Gong didn't agree. After sitting at the guest table, Liu Bang made fun of other Pei County officials loudly.
After a while, Lv Gong said, I'm good at reading fortune, but I've never seen such an extraordinary person as you. I have a daughter (Lv Zhi). I hope you can accept her as your spoiled wife. Afterwards, Lv Gong's wife Lu Wei said very angrily, "You used to say that your daughter is very rare and you must marry a very good husband." . Pei county magistrate is so kind to you, and you still refuse to marry your daughter, so you want to marry her to Liu Bang? Lv Gong said, this is not something that your wife's family knows. Or marry Lv Zhi to Liu Bang.
When Lv Zhi got married, there was another problem that embarrassed her: Liu Bang had an illegitimate child named Liu Fei. Lv Zhi, who is less than twenty years old, married Liu Bang, a middle-aged curator fifteen years older than her. Moreover, although the curator is not officially married, she has an illegitimate son (before Liu Bang made his fortune, Lv Zhi was not harsh on Liu Fei, which was not easy for a young woman with a husband of fifteen).
Lv Zhi was a virtuous woman when she was young. When she first married Liu Bang, her life was not rich. Liu Bang often disappears for three days because of official business and dealing with friends. Lv Zhi led his children to farm and weave mulberry, respected their parents and raised their children, and lived a self-reliant life. In his early years, Liu Bang often wandered around wearing a homemade bamboo hat, stealing food and drinking, and escorting a prisoner once. Because of drunkenness, the prisoner escaped and had to flee to the swamp at the foot of the mountain. Apart from supporting the family independently, Lv Zhi also travels long distances from time to time to send clothes and food to her husband.
Later, Lv Zhi gave birth to a son and a daughter for Liu Bang, namely Liu Ying, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Yuan Lu, princess royal.
Wander from one place to another and endure many difficulties and hardships.
In 206 BC (the first year of Han Dynasty), Liu Bang was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu, but his family was still in Pei County. In August of the same year, Liu Bang ordered Wang Xi and Xue Ou to leave Wuguan because Nanyang Wang Lingjun wanted to meet Liu Bang's family such as Liu Taigong and Lv Zhi. Chu sent troops into Yang Xia, but the Han army could not advance.
In April of 205 BC (the second year of Han Dynasty), when Xiang Yu was trapped in Qi, the Han army captured Pengcheng, the capital of Chu. Xiang Yu led the cavalry to defend quickly and fought the Han army in Suishui. The Han army was defeated, and Lv Zhi and other Liu Banggu were captured by the Chu army. It was not until September 203 BC (the fourth year of the Han Dynasty) that Chu and Han proposed peace and were released to the Han Dynasty.
When I returned to Liu Bang, I found that Liu Bang already had a favored lady of Qi. At this time, because he is older than Mrs. Qi, he is often left behind and accompanied by Mrs. Qi.
Lv Hou is dead.
In BC 180 (eight years after graduating from high school), Lv Zhi was seriously ill. Before she died, she did not forget to consolidate Lu's world. When she was critically ill, she ordered the appointment of her nephew Wang Zhao Lv Lu as the leader of the northern army. Lu chan commanded the confederate army. And warned them: after Emperor Gao pacified the world, he made a pact with his ministers: it was not the Liu family who claimed the king, but the world who punished him. ? Now that Lu is king, Liu Qunchen is furious. I'm dying, the emperor is young, and his ministers may defect. So you must firmly control the army and guard the palace. Never leave the palace to attend my funeral, and make yourself at home. ?
On August 1st, Lv Zhi died at the age of sixty-two, and was buried in Changling with Emperor Gaozu.
After the collapse of Lv Hou, he left letters to give the gold to the governors, and to give the gold to the governors, ministers, liehou, lang and collectors according to their grades. Amnesty world. Let Lu Wang and Lu Chan be prime ministers. Let Lv Lu's daughter be queen. Because of the political support of a consort group of the Lu family, the contradictions within the ruling class of the Han dynasty were intensified, and immediately after her death, a bloody struggle between the Liu royal family group and the consort group of the Lu family was triggered. Lv Hou died before she finished her political plan. Contradictions within the Han ruling class suddenly intensified, exposing the rise of Liu Zhijun. Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, was hard to find, but Chen Ping and Zhou Bo responded. Liu's kings got up and killed Zhu Lu. A bloody battle between the Liu royal family group and the Lu consorts group ended in the victory of the royal family group.
After eliminating Lu's influence, the minister thought that the two little emperors and the other two illegitimate children of Liu Ying were not Liu Ying's own, so he abolished the little emperor Ricard first and then killed him, and chose the heir to the throne among the Liu royal family. The key point to consider is that his mother must not have a strong young girl, so Liu Heng, who was appointed acting king at that time, succeeded the throne of Emperor China.
Historical Evaluation of Lv Hou, Empress of Emperor Gaozu.
Lv Hou has been in power for fifteen years, and has pursued the policy of formulating laws and regulations, practicing economy and benefiting people's livelihood. She did several important things: asked all counties to recommend outstanding farmers, encouraged them, reduced or exempted taxes, and changed the Qin tax to why five taxes should be charged; Allow farmers who have fled mountains, rivers and lakes and moved to other places to return to their hometowns and return their farmland houses. Officials shall not abuse or discriminate against them because of their past illegal acts; Release the handmaiden and return to the countryside to farm, and officials shall not interfere; Reduce a large number of officers and men, transfer jobs to their hometowns, give priority to land, and properly resettle; Amnesty the world; The Qin dynasty was abolished. What is the crime of killing three families because of their involvement? Demon talk order? Equally harsh methods; Adopt pro-Xiongnu policy to stabilize the border. The implementation of these policies eased the internal and external contradictions, stimulated the development of production and enhanced the national strength of the Han Dynasty.
Historical review:? When filial piety Hui Di was a high queen, CoCo Lee was separated from the suffering of the war. Both the monarch and the minister want to rest and do nothing. Therefore, Hui Di hung an arch and the high queen was called a mistress. If you can't leave home, the world will be quiet. Punishment is rare, sinners are rare, and people are well-fed and well-fed. ?