"Tianjingsha Qiu Si" by Ma Zhiyuan.

Ma Zhiyuan (1250- 1324), whose word is thousands of miles, is called "Ma Xian", mostly from Beijing. He is a famous writer who is famous for his pear garden and an important figure in the "Yuanhui". Together with Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu, he is also known as the "Four Masters of Yuan Qu", a writer of Sanqu and Opera in Yuan Dynasty. He was honored as the "music champion" and enjoyed a high reputation in the literary history of the Yuan Dynasty. There are fifteen kinds of Ma Zhiyuan's zaju, among which there are seven existing ones: Tears of Sima Qing in Jiangzhou, The Lonely Goose in the Han Palace, The Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin, The Monument of Thunder at Midnight, Ma Danyang Being a Wind Child Three Times, Opening the Altar to Interpret Dreams, and Sleeping in the West Huashan Chen Tuan. Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu works are also famous. A volume of Dongli Yuefu, revenue 104, 17 episodes. The content of his zaju is mainly deified Taoist priests, and all his plays involve stories of Quanzhen religion. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Jia said in his poem: "Fairy horses are among the flowers, and immortals are far away", and "the name is fragrant all over the pear garden".

Second, the character's life:

1, diligent teenager

Ma Zhiyuan was born in 1250, Han nationality, from Macitang Village, Dongguang County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. According to textual research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Macitang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province. Both Dongguang County annals and Dongguang Ma's genealogy are recorded. There is also a story in history that Ma Zhiyuan was a Beijinger. Life is unknown and Ma Zhiyuan was very studious and enterprising when he was young. This matter was discussed by Ma's descendants and all descendants, and they were warned to keep up with this matter in jokes after dinner.

Name source:

It is said that Ma Zhiyuan's first name is Vision. In his hometown, he is very smart and studious, and has become a minor celebrity in the local area.

For her future, Ma Zhiyuan wants to leave home to study in a distant place. Before he left, he came to the Tiefo Temple in the county to worship Buddha. At that time, the incense in that temple was very prosperous, and there were many monks inside. The elders are particularly knowledgeable.

After worshipping the Iron Buddha, Ma Zhiyuan sought audience with the elders in the temple. I want to study, but my family is poor. I hope my predecessors can teach me to study more. Seeing that he is very studious, the elders talked with him and taught him: you can't be clear-minded if you are not indifferent, and you can't be far away if you are not quiet. Since I was born in Dongli, I aim for a thousand miles. I believe I will succeed in the future. But we must remember that we should not ask for money, but do things for the people and for the people. From then on, Ma Zhiyuan changed the vision of his name to Zhiyuan. Known as Dongli. About the so-called Dongli, there is another saying that he was indifferent to fame and fortune in his later years to show Tao Yuanming's ambition.

2. Youth

The early career of Ma Zhiyuan youth is not good. He experienced the late Mongolian era and the early Yuan regime. When I was young, I pursued my own merits and had illusions about "Dragon House and Phoenix Pavilion". The pursuit of fame and bumpy career has never been a big deal, so Ma Zhiyuan's political ambition has never been realized.

Ma Zhiyuan participated in the creation of zaju in his early years and was a major member of Zhenyuan Bookstore. He had contacts with Wang Bocheng, Hua, Li Er and so on, and was one of the famous "Four Masters of Yuan Opera" at that time.

3. Middle age

Ma Zhiyuan became a scholar in middle age, which coincided with the need for a large number of talents to recuperate after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. This is not what Mongols are good at, so he recruited a large number of Han Chinese. Provincial officials, that is, officials in charge of taxation, from five products. It was probably at this time that Ma Zhiyuan was recruited as a provincial official of Jianghuai Province (later changed to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province) and went south to Hangzhou and Yangzhou. In a few years, there is another saying that he has worked in Zhejiang Province for more than 20 years. The position was transferred to Dadu (now Beijing) as the director of the Ministry of Industry. Although he is also an official, he can be transferred at any time, and the official position has no substantive role. It's too far from Ma Zhiyuan's own ideas.

However, it is gratifying that the zaju and Sanqu he created in his spare time are very famous, but what he didn't expect was that his own literary achievements saved his hometown from a disaster.

In the early Ming Dynasty, there was a famous battle of Jingnan in history. Let people in Hebei, Henan and Shandong be killed. Running away is painful. Hebei is full of bones. Ruined land. It is said that the Prince of Yan once studied Ma Zhiyuan's zaju and Sanqu. I have great respect for Ma Zhiyuan. Get Dongguang is the hometown of Ma Zhiyuan, then ordered. I didn't kill every horse, so I saved the life of a family.

4. Old age

Ma Zhiyuan finally resigned and retired at the age of fifty. Ma Zhiyuan was depressed all his life. During his 20-year career, he saw through the secular sadness and shame of life and was dissatisfied with politics, so he had the idea of "living in seclusion in the mountains and enjoying himself". In his later years, he lived a very dull and quiet life, and later he died of entertaining himself. About death 132 1, buried in the ancestors.

Although Ma Zhiyuan's officialdom politics has not been well used, his songs are still very good. Many of his words are used in Chinese textbooks, and a few are essential themes at the beginning. Now many people who don't know make good use of his works and are deeply loved by the masses. Famous opera writer, Sanqu writer and Zaju writer in Yuan Dynasty.

Iii. Brief Introduction of Qiu Si in Tianjin.

1, original:

Tianjin Sha Qiu Si

Ma Yuan Zhiyuan

Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,

Small bridges and flowing water,

The ancient road and the west wind are thin. ?

The sun went down,

Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

2. Brief analysis:

Tianjingsha Qiu Si is a Sanqu by Ma Zhiyuan, a writer in Yuan Dynasty.

This song juxtaposes a variety of scenery into a picture of the sunset in the autumn suburbs, which makes the wanderer ride a thin horse on a bleak background, revealing a sad mood. It expresses the sadness that a wanderer misses his hometown and is tired of wandering in autumn. The syntax of this poem is very unique. The first three sentences are all composed of noun phrases, listing nine kinds of scenery, which are concise and meaningful. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole song. The language is extremely concise but huge, with profound meaning, exquisite structure and ups and downs. It is praised as "the ancestor of Qiu Si" by later generations.