2. When the Three Kingdoms were separated, Sun Quan moved from the police to Hubei County in the second year of Wei Huang (22 1), taking the meaning of "prospering the country with Wu", and changed Hubei County to Wuchang County, which was subordinate to Wuchang County. So in today's Ezhou city governance. In the ninth year of Sui Huangkai (589), the county was abandoned and belonged to Ezhou. In the 14th year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (122 1), Wuchang County was promoted to Wuchang Army. Because its name is similar to that of Wuchang Army in Ezhou, it is called "Yubao Shou Chang", and the following year it was renamed Shouchangjun, commanding Wuchang County. In the first year of Duanping (1234), Shouchangjun was abolished and Wuchang County was subordinate to Ezhou. In the first year of Jiaxi (1237), Wuchang County was promoted to Shouchang Army again, and the Wuchang Army in Zhili was saved. In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (1277), Shouchang County was renamed Wuchang Sanfu, which belonged to Ezhou Road. In the fifth year of Yuan Chengzong Dade (130 1), Ezhou Road was renamed Wuchang Road, and the name of "Wuchang" moved westward was changed from the name of military organization to the name of administrative division. At this time, Wuchang County belongs to Hubei Road Wuchang Road. In the 24th year of Zheng Zhi, Yuan Shundi (1346), Wuchang Road was changed to Wuchang House, and Wuchang County was subordinate to Wuchang House. In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Wuchang County served as the chief secretary of Huguang. In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1664), Wuchang County belonged to Wuchang House, Yanfa Road, Wuchang, Hubei Province. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Wuchang House was abolished and Jiangxia County was changed to Wuchang County, but Wuchang County was renamed Shou Chang County. The establishment and evolution of the Zhou Dynasty belonged to Chu and Qin belonged to Nanjun. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1 BC), Shaxian County was established to administer Tukou (now Jinkou), which was the beginning of the establishment of the county and belonged to Jiangxia County. In the second year of the Three Kingdoms (223), Puyin County was located in the southwest of Shaxian County. In the second year of Wu Taiping (257), Shaxian Hou surrendered to Wei and Shaxian was abolished.
In the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280), Shaxian was restored to Jingzhou. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains was constantly at war. People in runan county, Yuzhou moved to the south of the Yangtze River to avoid the confusion of Xerox. During the Xianhe period, overseas Chinese in Tukou County settled in runan county, which was later reduced to a county. In the third year of Taiyuan (AD 378), Shaxian County was changed to runan county, and it still ruled Tukou, belonging to Jiangxia County. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), runan county was changed to Jiangxia County, and the county administration moved to Tancheng (now Wuchang), and Tancheng was also a state administration. Since then, the county name and county governance have not changed until the end of the Qing Dynasty. In the meantime, Jiangxia County in the Tang Dynasty was successively assigned to Ezhou, Jiangxia County and Wuchang County, and Song Yuanming was assigned to Ezhou and Wuchang Prefecture.
In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Jiangxia County was changed to Wuchang County, which was placed under Jianghan Road, Hubei Province. 1927 abandoned road, directly under Hubei province. 1932 to the first administrative supervision area of Hubei province. During the fall of Wuchang, in May of 1939 and 10, the National Government established the government behind the enemy lines in Wuchang County in Jishan Township, south of the county seat, and placed it under the administrative authority of southern Hubei. 1942, China * * * successively established the Wu county administrative committee in the south of the county seat, and established the Wu county administrative committee and the anti-Japanese democratic government in the north. After the Japanese surrender in August, 1945, in September, Wuchang county government moved back to wuchang city, which was subordinate to the first administrative organization.
Wuchang was liberated in May 1949. On June 10, Wuchang County People's Government was established in Wuchang District and was placed under Daye District. 1952 changed to Xiaogan area. 1959165438+10 was assigned to Wuhan in October. The following year, the county magistrate moved to Zhifang Town. 196 1 restore Xiaogan area in April. 1965 to Xianning area. 1975165438+10 back to Wuhan. Administrative Division1June, 949, the county was divided into seven districts: Zhifang, Qingshan, Leopard, Wulijie, Jinkou, Anshan and Shanpo. 1958, establishment of people's commune system. There are six people's communes in the county, including Hongqi, Jinshui, Tongli, Dongfeng, Satellite and Jinxiu, which are integrated with the real administration and society, and have jurisdiction over 3 1 administrative region. 1959, adding Jinkou Town People's Commune.
1983, in June of 5438+0, the commune was withdrawn to build a township. By 1985, there were 20 townships, namely Da Qiao, Zhengdian, Ninggang, Duanling Temple, Tuitang, Jinshui, Fanhu, Fasi, Anshan, Hefangfang, Shanpo, Hezhan and Fu Bao. There are three towns, Zhifang, Jinkou and Wulongquan. There are 330 villagers' committees under the jurisdiction of townships.
Population Nationality 1949 Wuchang County has a population of 236,900. Three censuses after the founding of New China: 1953, with a population of 380,800 (including Qingshan District and Hongshan District); 1964 The population of the county is 353,500, which is 3 1% higher than that of 1953, with an average annual increase of 27 ‰; 1982 The population of the county was 507,600, an increase of 1964, with an average annual growth of 24‰. From 65438 to 0985, the population of the county was 527,300, a net increase of 8,362 over the previous year. Among them, agricultural population accounts for 80.2%, and non-agricultural population accounts for 19.8%.
After the founding of New China, Wuchang County experienced two birth peaks. The first time was 1955 ~ 1957, with an average annual birth rate of 37.85 ‰ and an average annual natural growth rate of 27.99 ‰, among which 1955 had the highest birth rate, reaching 32.56 ‰. The second time was1961~1971year, with an average annual birth rate of 36. 19 ‰ and an average annual net growth rate of 33.93 ‰. Family planning has been implemented since 197 1. In order to further control the population growth, we advocate "one child for a couple", control the second child and prohibit multiple births. The birth rate and net growth rate of the county are decreasing year by year. During the period of 197 1 ~ 1985, the average birth rate dropped to 19. 1 ‰, and the annual net growth rate was 12.7 ‰.
Due to the variation of natural conditions and administrative divisions in various districts and townships, as well as the imbalance of urban and rural economic development, the population density distribution in county towns is far from that in townships. The population density in urban areas is much higher than that in rural areas, with 1953 being 3.9 times higher and 1982 being 6.4 times higher. The population density of the county 1982 is 253 people per square kilometer, and 1985 is 262.5 people per square kilometer. The natural population growth rate is 1 1.3 ‰.
There are 16 ethnic minorities in Wuchang county, including Hui, Miao, Dong, Zhuang, Tujia and Manchu, with a total of 542 people. Geologically, Wuchang County belongs to the Daye Group in the Lower Yangtze Region on the stratigraphic regionalization. The geological feature is that Proterozoic is the basement, which has been deposited for a long time since Sinian, and the strata are very developed. The above deposits are marine deposits from Sinian to Middle Triassic, mostly continental deposits after Middle Triassic, mainly volcanic rocks and pyroclastic rocks in Early Cretaceous, and modern river and lake deposits and residual deposits in Quaternary.
Geological structure is mainly the product of Indosinian movement and Yanshan movement, with folds and faults developed and magmatic activity to a certain extent. Close linear folds were formed in the early and middle Paleozoic strata in the north, and the relationship between faults and strata strike was divided into three groups: NW-trending or nearly EW-trending strike faults, NW-trending and NE-trending oblique faults, and NE-SW-trending regional Liangzihu faults passing through the east side of the county seat.
The landform of Wuchang County is a transitional zone extending from the southern Hubei Mufu hilly area to Jianghan alluvial plain. The terrain is narrow and slightly inclined from north to south; East, west and north depend on lakeside rivers, with Longgang Plain as the main landform type; The terrain in the central and northeastern regions is relatively high; The southeast and north belong to low mountains and hills; There are both isolated mountains and low lake plains in the west; There are patches of east-west residual hills in Northeast China and Central China. There are many lakes in the whole territory, and small rivers and tributaries flow into major lakes.
The southern part of the mountains in Shanxian County follows the shogunate mountain system in southern Hubei and winds northward, with Gezi Mountain at the junction of Zhengdian and Wulongquan as the main body and extending in three directions in a zigzag shape. North of Gezi Mountain is Bafen Mountain, and northwest is Shenshan, Mount Kumgang and Mount Tianguang. Its southeast is Maanshan, fairy mountain, Tianzi Mountain, Lion Mountain and Fushan Mountain. Its east and north are Qinglong Mountain, Lion Mountain, Jinxiu Mountain, Phoenix Mountain, Erlong Mountain, Dinggu Mountain and Huanglong Mountain. Among them, Bafen Mountain is the highest, with an altitude of 272.5 meters and a total area of 0.8 square kilometers. Followed by Longquan Mountain in Erlong Mountain, with an altitude of 232.5 meters; Dinggu Mountain is more than 200 meters above sea level; The rest of Fushan, Lotus, Lingshan, Maanshan, Dongyue, Yunjing, Pigeon, General, Shenshan, Changling, Jinji, Luquan, Bamboo Skin, Luxiang, Shoulder Pole, Fengdeng and Shishan are all below 200 meters. The river system county is bordered by the Yangtze River in the northwest, surrounded by lakes in the east, north and southwest, and the golden water runs through it, forming a trend surrounded by rivers and lakes; Due to the long and narrow terrain of the county, the water system is centrifugal fans. According to natural estuaries, Jinshui enters the river from Jinkou, Liangzi Lake from Fankou and Tangxun Lake from Wutaimen. These three water systems include many tributaries, ponds and lakes. White, with a total water area of 6.5438 0.069 million mu, accounting for 35.46% of the county's total area; Among them, the water area is over 750,000 mu, accounting for 24.92% of the total area.
The Yangtze River comes from the southwest, enters from Shafu on Siyi Gongdi and leaves from Xiacross in Wu Jindi, with a flow of 3 1.5km and an annual transit water volume of 660 billion cubic meters.
Jinshui enters from Xianning County, passes through Axe Lake, Baini Lake, Shangshe Lake, Tuandun Lake, Xiliang Lake, Yumen Lake, Land Rover Lake and Houhu Lake, and flows out of Jinkou River through Jinshui Gate, passing through Fasi, Fanhu and Jinshui Township. The county's Jinshui process is 42 kilometers, and the annual transit water volume is 654.38+02.06 billion cubic meters.
There is Liangzi Lake water system bordering Ezhou in the east, including Shu 'an Lake and Dagou Lake, Shanpo Lake in the west, Niu Shan Lake and Baopai Lake in the north of Liangzi Town, and then it flows into the river from Changgang via Fankou Gate. In the north of the county, there are communication patrol rivers of Tangxun Lake, Qingling Lake and Huangjiahu Lake, which flow out of the river by Wutaimen.
According to the formation characteristics, the soil in the county can be divided into 6 soil types, 13 subcategories, 35 soil genera and 93 soil types, including red soil, yellow brown soil, limestone soil, purple soil, lacustrine soil and paddy soil.
The plain area in the west of the county is formed by alluvial deposits of the Yangtze River and Jinshui, and the parent material is mainly calcareous alluvial deposits, mostly lacustrine soil; Yellow brown soil and lacustrine soil are mainly distributed in the northern part of Longgang Plain. There are two mountains in the low hills and the middle hills, and the parent materials are complex, mainly distributed in rock-forming soil types such as red soil; Red soil is concentrated in the south of Longgang Plain. The west is dominated by lake soil.
Paddy soil is the main soil type in the county, accounting for 52.24% of the total soil area and distributed in all towns and villages.
In Longgang area of this county, the parent material of soil formation is mainly Quaternary clay. Its soil distribution: the top of the mountain is dead red soil, the top of the mountain is red soil, topsoil red soil and loess, the upper part is flooded paddy soil, and the paddy soil in Longkou and HuBill Han swamps.
There are two intermittent mountain ranges in the middle, which are mainly Bafenshan and Gezishan. The soil distribution from top to bottom is heavy, medium and light gravel red soil or thin, medium and thick brown red soil, and the foot of gentle slope is red sand and yellow sand. Climate Wuchang County belongs to subtropical continental monsoon climate, with abundant rainfall and sunshine, mild climate, obvious alternation of four seasons, short Leng Xia heat in winter and long frost-free period.
The annual average temperature is 16.7 ~ 17.0℃. July is the hottest, with the monthly average temperature of 29 ~ 29.5℃ and the extreme maximum temperature of 40. 1 ~ 40.3℃. 1 month is the coldest, with an average temperature of 3.3℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of-12.4 ~- 15.3℃. Extreme temperature has the characteristics of interannual variation and regional difference. The annual average precipitation is 1200 ~ 1350 mm, and the precipitation changes greatly during the year. 1969 is the most frequent year, reaching1862.5 mm; 1963 is the youngest, only 889.2 mm The precipitation in spring and summer accounts for 74% of the whole year, and only 26% in autumn and winter.
The county has a long frost-free period, with the first frost date at165438+10.21~ 28, and the final frost date at March 9 ~/kloc-0.7, with an average frost-free period of 253 ~ 262. 1973 has a maximum of 295 days, and 1969 has a minimum of 226 days. The first snow period is generally in the middle of 65438+ 10, the earliest in the late February of 1985 and the latest in the late February of 1969.
North wind and northeast wind are the most in winter, south wind and southwest wind are the most in summer, northeast wind, southwest wind and southeast wind alternate in spring, and northerly wind is the most in autumn. The annual average wind speed is 2.9 m/s, with the maximum of 3.2 m/s (April) and the minimum of 2.6 m/s (65438+ 10). During the period from 1959 to1981year, there were 100 strong winds, of which the maximum wind speed reached19 m/s on April 1980.
The average annual sunshine hours for many years are 1954.9 hours, averaging 5.4 hours per day. Among them, 1978 is the most frequent year, with sunshine hours of 2233.7 hours; 1980 is the youngest, with sunshine hours 17 19 hours. The main climatic disasters are flood, drought, strong cold wave, hail and tornado, among which flood is the main disaster leading to the instability of agricultural production. From 1924 to 1935, the dikes in Wuchang, Xianning, Jiayu and Puyin counties burst five times. All collapsed 193 1, with a population of 200,000 and an area of 466 square kilometers. According to the statistics of 1959 ~ 1980, there are floods 16 ~ 18 times in the county, once every two years on average, and droughts 10 times in the county, once every two years.
There is usually a tornado every 3 to 5 years in the riverside area along the lake. 1On February 4th, 960, a gale of magnitude 7 ~ 9 lasted for 70 minutes, accompanied by lightning and hail, which caused disasters in Hu Si, Zhuji and Fenshui. Since then, there have been five major storms from 1973 to 1983, once every two years on average.
Resources Land Resources The agricultural area is 2,367,600 mu, including cultivated land 1.260654.38+0.00 mu (paddy field 752,000 mu, dry land 504,000 mu, vegetable field 0.4 1.00 mu), accounting for 4 1.82% of the total land area. 57,500 mu of barren hills and hills), accounting for 1 1.83% of the total land area, with a per capita level of 0.7 1 mu; The water area is 750,900 mu (2 1.000 mu for rivers, 6 1.680 mu for lakes, 86,700 mu for ponds, 0/.560 mu for fish ponds and 0/.800 mu for reservoirs), and the per capita level is/kloc-0. Other areas are 645,900 mu, accounting for 2 1.43% of the total land area. Mineral resources include limestone, building stone, gypsum, dolomite, clay, coal, silica, refractories, tungsten, iron, phosphorus and other minerals 13. Among them, pyrite is located in the east of Wulongquan, and the structural position belongs to the south wing of Shenjiawan anticline, with an average thickness of 0.77 meters, which is characterized by rich minerals and good mineral grade. The coal mine is most developed in Beiliu Fangling area of the county seat, and the coal-bearing stratum in the south of the county seat is 307 ~ 6 1 1 m thick. Maanshan coal mine has a mining history of nearly a hundred years. Dolomite, limestone, seasonal sandstone, bentonite, clay rock and gypsum are of high quality and have the value of large-scale mining.
The forest vegetation in the territory is characterized by the transition from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone. Yilin Mountain covers a total area of more than 448,000 mu. Primitive forests have long been replaced by artificially cultivated shrub and herb communities, and only local tree species have been preserved in hilly areas and villages. 1985, the county has a forest area of 320,000 mu, and the forest coverage rate is 10.63%. There are about 250 kinds of trees; There are many aquatic vascular plants and 332 species of medicinal plants.
The area is rich in aquatic resources. 1985 The water area is 750,000 mu, and there are more than 0/00 kinds of fishes in rivers and lakes, including herring, bighead carp, silver carp, bighead carp, carp and crucian carp. Crustaceans, including soft-shelled turtles, soft-shelled turtles and mussels, as well as HYRIOPSIS cumingii and HYRIOPTERA crispus in Tangxun Lake, Land Rover Lake and Shangshu Lake, are all good mother shells for pearl cultivation. Common waterfowl are pheasant, valley duck and eight ducks. Aquatic plants include lotus root, water chestnut, bamboo shoots, Euryale ferox and so on. 1980 Gordon Euryale bought and exported more than 65,000 kilograms, 1982 exported15,000 kilograms.