Nelson Rolirala Mandela (1918 July18) was born in a big chieftain's family in transkei. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Africa and the University of Witwatersrand, and is a qualified lawyer. Mandela had a distinct personality since childhood and revered national heroes. He is the eldest son of the family and is designated as the main heir. But he said: "I will never rule an oppressed tribe as a chief", but "devote myself to the cause of national liberation in the name of a soldier". He resolutely embarked on the road of pursuing national liberation. From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the African National Congress of South Africa. 1948 was elected as the national secretary of the ANC Youth League, and 1950 was appointed as the national chairman of the ANC Youth League. From 65438 to 0952, he successively served as the Executive Committee of the ANC, Chairman transvaal province and Vice Chairman of the National Committee. At the end of the same year, he successfully organized and led the "Movement against Unfair Laws" and won the respect of all blacks. To this end, the South African authorities twice banned him from attending public meetings.

1961June, mandela founded the ANC military organization "national spear" and served as commander-in-chief. 1962 In August, Mandela was arrested and imprisoned at the age of 43. The South African government sentenced him to five years in prison for political incitement and illegal border crossing. 1June, 964, accused of conspiracy to subvert and sentenced to life imprisonment. From then on, he began a long career behind bars. He suffered persecution and torture in prison for 27 years, but he remained loyal and unyielding. 1990 February 1 1 day, the South African authorities announced the unconditional release of Mandela under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad. In March of the same year, he was appointed as the vice chairman by the National Executive Committee of the ANC and acted as the chairman. In July, 199 1 was elected chairman. 1In April 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial general election in South Africa. In May of the same year, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa. 19971997 In February, Mandela resigned as the chairman of the ANC and said that he would not participate in the presidential election in June. 1999. 1999 officially resigned in June.

His main works are: The road to freedom will not be smooth, Struggle is life, Universal Declaration of Freedom and autobiography The Road to Freedom is Long.

199 1 year, UNESCO awarded Mandela the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize. 1993 10 10 In October, the Nobel Peace Committee awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his contribution to abolishing the racial discrimination policy in South Africa. In the same year, he was awarded the Philadelphia Medal of Freedom with then South African President De Klerk. Mandela visited the United States in September 1998 and won the "Congressional Gold Award" in the United States, becoming the first African to win the highest award in the United States. In August 2000, he was awarded the Kama Medal by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in recognition of his outstanding contributions in leading the South African people in their long-term struggle for freedom, realizing the peaceful transition period between old and new South Africa and serving as the chairman of SADC.

1992 mandela and Winnie separated.1March 1996 19, the court ruled that mandela and Winnie divorced. Graca Machel, the current wife, is the widow of former Mozambican President Zamora. She married Mandela in July 1998.

1992 10 visited China for the first time, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by Peking University on 5th. 1In May 1999, President Mandela was invited to visit China. He is the first South African head of state to visit China.

Another one:

From 65438 to 0944, he participated in the African National Congress of South Africa.

1948 was elected as the national secretary of the ANC Youth League.

From 65438 to 0950, he served as the national chairman of the ANC Youth League.

From 65438 to 0952, he successively served as the Executive Committee of the ANC, Chairman transvaal province and Vice Chairman of the National Committee. At the end of the same year, he successfully organized and led the "Movement against Unfair Laws" and won the respect of all blacks. To this end, the South African authorities twice banned him from attending public meetings.

1961June, mandela founded the ANC military organization "national spear" and served as commander-in-chief.

1962 In August, Mandela was arrested and imprisoned at the age of 43. The South African government sentenced him to five years in prison for political incitement and illegal border crossing.

1June, 964, accused of conspiracy to subvert and sentenced to life imprisonment. From then on, he began a long career behind bars. He suffered persecution and torture in prison for 27 years, but he remained loyal and unyielding.

1990 February 1 1 day, the South African authorities announced the unconditional release of Mandela under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad. In March of the same year, he was appointed as the vice chairman by the National Executive Committee of the ANC and acted as the chairman.

1991July was elected as the chairman.

199 1 year, UNESCO awarded Mandela the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize.

1992 Mandela and Winnie separated.

1992 10 visited China for the first time, and was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by Peking University on 5th.

1993 10 In June, the Nobel Peace Committee awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his abolition of South African races.

Contribution of discriminatory policies. In the same year, he was awarded the Philadelphia Medal of Freedom with then South African President De Klerk.

1In April 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial general election in South Africa.

In May of the same year, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.

1March 1996 19, the court ruled that mandela and Winnie divorced.

19971997 In February, Mandela resigned as the chairman of the ANC and said that he would not participate in the presidential election in June. 1999.

1July 998 18 Mandela and Gra? a? Gra? a Machel is the widow of former Mozambican President Zamora.

Mandela visited the United States in September 1998 and won the "Congressional Gold Award" in the United States, becoming the first African to win the highest award in the United States.

1In May 1999, President Mandela was invited to visit China. He is the first South African head of state to visit China.

1999 officially resigned in June.

In August 2000, he was awarded the Kama Medal by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in recognition of his outstanding contributions in leading the South African people in their long-term struggle for freedom, realizing the peaceful transition period between old and new South Africa and serving as the chairman of SADC.