Pain in liver area
The first symptom of most patients with advanced liver cancer is pain in the liver area, and the incidence rate is above 50%. The pain in the liver area is generally located under the right rib or xiphoid process, and the pain is intermittent or persistent dull pain. Dull pain or tingling, the patient may feel discomfort in the right upper abdomen some time before the pain. The pain can be relieved by itself in a short time. The main cause of pain is the rapid enlargement of tumor, which compresses the liver capsule and produces traction pain. It can also be caused by tumor necrosis stimulating the liver capsule.
A few patients spontaneously or suddenly have severe pain in the liver area after liver puncture, which is mostly caused by rupture and bleeding of cancer nodules on the surface of the liver. If there is blood pressure drop and shock at the same time, there is bloody liquid at the puncture site of abdominal cavity, which indicates that the cancer node is ruptured and bleeding seriously. In this case, emergency rescue is needed. Without the above-mentioned accompanying symptoms, the pain is limited, indicating that the bleeding is located under the liver capsule. The pain will vary according to the location of the tumor growth. Tumors located in the left lobe often cause pain in the upper and middle abdomen. The tumor is located in the right lobe, and the pain is in the right quarter rib; When the tumor involves the diaphragm, the pain radiates to the right shoulder or back, which is easily mistaken for shoulder arthritis; When the tumor is located in the posterior segment of the right lobe, it can sometimes cause low back pain; Patients with tumors located in deep liver parenchyma generally do not feel pain.
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Loss of appetite, fullness and nausea in the upper abdomen after meals are common digestive tract symptoms of liver cancer, among which loss of appetite and abdominal distension are the most common. Diarrhea is also a common gastrointestinal symptom of liver cancer, which has a high incidence and is easily mistaken for chronic enteritis. Portal hypertension and intestinal dysfunction caused by tumor thrombus in portal vein or hepatic vein can cause abdominal distension, increase stool frequency, and ascites can also cause abdominal distension. Gastrointestinal dysfunction can also lead to indigestion, warm gas, nausea and other symptoms.
themogenesis
A considerable number of patients with liver cancer will sweat and have fever. Fever is mostly moderate to low fever, and a few patients may have high fever, which is above 39℃ and is generally not accompanied by chills. The fever of liver cancer is mostly cancerous fever, which is caused by the release of pyrogen into the blood circulation after tumor tissue necrosis. Cancer patients are prone to infection and fever because of their low resistance, which is sometimes difficult to distinguish from cancerous fever of liver cancer. It is necessary to combine the blood picture to observe whether the antibacterial treatment is effective.
Emaciation and fatigue
Patients with liver cancer often feel more tired than patients with other tumors, which is similar to patients with chronic hepatitis. The cause of fatigue is unknown, which may be due to digestive dysfunction and nutrient absorption disorder, or liver cells are damaged, liver function declines, so that metabolic disorder and some toxins cannot be inactivated in time, or liver cancer tissue necrosis releases toxic substances. Emaciation is also a common symptom in patients with liver cancer, which is due to impaired liver function. Digestion and absorption function decreased. With the development of the disease, the degree of emaciation can be aggravated, and cachexia appears in severe cases.
edema of lower extremity
Patients with ascites due to liver cancer often have edema of lower limbs, which can occur in the ankle, and in severe cases, it can spread to the whole lower limbs. Clinically, I have seen some patients with high edema of lower limbs, and the skin of thighs can ooze water. The main reason of edema of lower limbs is that ascites compresses the veins of lower limbs or blocks tumor thrombus and venous reflux. Mild edema can also be caused by low plasma albumin.
Bleeding tendency
Patients with liver cancer often have bleeding tendency such as gingival bleeding and subcutaneous ecchymosis, which are mainly caused by impaired liver function and abnormal coagulation function, especially patients with liver cancer complicated with cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal bleeding is common, mainly esophageal varices caused by portal hypertension. In fact, gastrointestinal bleeding is also the main cause of death in patients with liver cancer.
Dietary principle of patients with liver cancer 1, balanced diet: patients with liver cancer consume a lot, so we must ensure adequate nutrition. The easiest way to measure the nutritional status of patients is to see if they can maintain their weight. The best way to maintain normal weight is to maintain a balanced diet, requiring patients to eat more fresh vegetables, half of which should be green leafy vegetables.
2. Fat and protein: A high-fat diet will affect and aggravate the disease, while a low-fat diet can relieve nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension in patients with liver cancer. Patients with liver cancer have poor appetite and eat less. If they don't have a balanced diet, they must increase the calories in their diet and eat fats and sweets that are easy to digest and absorb, such as honey and royal jelly. Sucrose, vegetable oil, cream, etc. Patients with liver cancer should eat more foods rich in protein, especially high-quality protein, such as lean meat and eggs, to prevent albumin from decreasing.
3, vitamins: vitamins A, C, E, K, etc. All have certain auxiliary anti-tumor effects. Vitamin C mainly exists in fresh vegetables and fruits. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A after entering the human body, so patients with liver cancer should eat more animal liver, carrots, cauliflower and so on. At the same time, we should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as radish, pumpkin and bamboo shoots.
4. Inorganic salts: namely minerals. Nutritionists divide inorganic salts into two categories: macroelements such as calcium, sodium and potassium; Trace elements such as selenium, zinc and iodine. Scientists have found that minerals such as selenium and iron have anti-cancer effects. Patients with liver cancer should eat more foods containing trace elements with anticancer effects, such as garlic, mushrooms, asparagus, liver and kidney of animals, ginseng, medlar and yam.
5. Patients with liver cancer often have indigestion symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal distension. They should eat more digestible foods, such as sour plum soup, fresh orange juice and fruit juice, to help digestion and relieve pain. Don't eat too cold, too hot or too full. Patients with liver cancer often have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. They should eat light foods that stimulate appetite and reduce adverse reactions, such as almond dew, lotus root starch and corn paste, which are easy to digest, and avoid heavy oil.
6, the treatment of liver cancer, postoperative patients often appear general weakness, limb weakness, loss of appetite, spontaneous sweating and other symptoms due to qi and blood damage, should be based on benefiting qi and nourishing blood. You can eat crucian carp soup, black-bone chicken soup, ginseng tea and so on. , and avoid hard cold food.
7. Most patients with advanced liver cancer are in a state of general failure and have difficulty eating. They should give priority to strengthening their body resistance. In addition to increasing nutrition, American ginseng or white ginseng is often used to soak in water to enhance the function of its organs.
Liver cancer and diet
1. Except for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D viruses, most cancers are related to bad living habits and eating habits. Once the diet often contains carcinogens, it is easier to promote liver cancer. Therefore, Professor Zhang warned people to establish a reasonable and healthy diet structure, develop good eating habits, master some knowledge of diet cancer prevention, and be careful to "eat" cancer.
Aflatoxin in fungi is a carcinogen, which can induce liver cancer in humans, monkeys, rats and birds, and the shortest time required for carcinogenesis is 24 weeks. In order to prevent food from being contaminated by fungi, we should pay attention to:
1. Expose peanuts, corn, dried sweet potatoes, rice and millet in the sun and store them in a dry and ventilated environment.
2. Moldy peanuts, dried potatoes, dried radishes, etc. It should be removed and discarded, and people, livestock and poultry should not eat it.
3. Peanut oil and cottonseed oil should not be stored for a long time; When a large number of grain, oil and milk foods are suspected to be contaminated by fungi, they should be inspected by the epidemic prevention station before being distributed, sold or eaten.
Second, animal and vegetable oils should not be eaten after they are spicy.
The flavor-changing oils all contain a chemical component, which can mutate the structure of protein, and make the mutant protein cells lose their normal functions and turn into early cancer cells. In addition, the replication of some chemical components-acid, accelerates the aging process of people. Therefore, animal and vegetable oils should not be stored for too long, and oils that deteriorate to produce spicy taste should not be eaten. Food fried with spicy flavor not only tastes bad, but also causes cancer and shortens life.
Third, rice bran fiber can prevent cancer.
Researchers from Fukuoka Health Pollution Center and National Cancer Center in Japan found that rice bran is rich in B vitamins, which is beneficial to protect the liver. Long-term chronic liver disease carriers or hepatitis B surface antigen carriers can absorb and excrete harmful substances in the digestive tract if they regularly use rice bran to adjust their diet, which is indeed a method to prevent digestive tract cancer.
Coffee prevents liver cancer
A cup of hot coffee can not only refresh you, but also prevent liver cancer. After studying more than 90,000 people, a Japanese scientific team found that people who drink coffee every day or often drink coffee are 50% more likely to develop liver cancer than those who never drink coffee.
According to the American Cancer Society, there were 18920 new cases of liver cancer in the United States last year, and 14270 people died of liver cancer. Etiology includes hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, excessive drinking and various diseases leading to chronic liver inflammation. According to scientists' research on animals, coffee can protect the liver and reduce the risk of liver cancer. An expert team from the Japanese Cancer Center in Tokyo analyzed the data of a group of public health studies conducted in 10 to determine whether coffee has the same effect on people. They found that in the past 10 years, the average number of people who never drank coffee or seldom drank coffee was 547.2 per 65,438+10,000 people. In contrast, the number of people who drink coffee every day is 2 14.6 per 65438+ 10,000 people.
The researchers also found that drinking 1-2 cups of coffee every day will protect people's liver, and drinking 3-4 cups will correspondingly enhance this protection. But they can't compare whether regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee are different in protecting the liver, because in Japan, people rarely drink decaffeinated coffee.
Caffeine in coffee can make people nervous, and other studies show that caffeine can make many people on the alert. Studies have shown that caffeine can aggravate some symptoms of menopause or aggravate the side effects of some antibiotics. Eating a lot of caffeine can also lead to miscarriage in women. But scientists' experiments on mice show that skin cream containing caffeine can reduce the risk of skin cancer. Dr. R. Pamor bis ley of the Anderson Cancer Center of the University of Texas in Houston commented: "This is an interesting and controversial study, and their conclusions seem to be valid. The results of this study will encourage researchers to conduct more in-depth research. "
The researchers found through statistics that there is an important link between drinking coffee and reducing the risk of liver cancer, but this needs to be repeatedly verified in other people. Researchers have not fully understood why coffee can reduce the risk of liver cancer. But the Japanese research team noticed that coffee contains a lot of antioxidants. Animal experiments show that this compound has the effect of inhibiting liver cancer.
Because green tea contains antioxidants different from coffee, in their research, the research team also studied the role of green tea in preventing liver cancer. They found no connection between drinking green tea and the risk of liver cancer. The research team said: "Other uncertain substances may also have anti-cancer effects." Another independent research group pointed out in their report that there is no link between drinking caffeinated coffee and developing colon or rectal cancer. However, the analysis found that people who regularly drink two or more cups of decaffeinated coffee have a lower probability of developing rectal cancer than others by 52 percentage points.
Patients with advanced liver cancer will have the following digestive tract symptoms, such as abdominal distension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The general symptoms are fatigue, emaciation, fever, various bleeding and ascites. Provide several dietotherapy remedies for reference.
Prescription 1 Chenpi Qingguo Drink
Composition: 20g of dried tangerine peel and 20g of olive.
Usage: Wash Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and Fructus Canarii Immaturus respectively, put them into a pot, add 500 ml of clear water, boil them with strong fire for 3 minutes, then simmer them for 20 minutes, filter the residue to get juice, and drink them in batches.
Efficacy: soothing the liver and regulating qi, promoting qi and promoting blood circulation.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to qi stagnation and blood stasis type, has stabbing pain in hypochondria, loss of appetite, belching and vomiting.
Fang 2 Sanxiang Chicken Blood Decoction
Composition: fennel 10g, radix aucklandiae 10g, cardamom 10g, chicken blood clot 250g, salt, lard, onion and ginger.
Usage: Put Foeniculum vulgare, Radix Aucklandiae and Fructus Amomi rotundus into a pot, add 500 ml of clear water, boil for 30 minutes, and filter the residue to get juice; Then cut the chicken blood clot into small pieces, add lard, salt, onion and ginger, and cook.
Efficacy: promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, dispersing stagnation and removing blood stasis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to qi stagnation and blood stasis type, stings under the hypochondrium and refuses to press.
Fang 3 bergamot pork liver decoction
Composition: bergamot slices 10g, fresh pork liver 150g, ginger 10g, salt and onion.
Usage: Put the bergamot slices into a pot, add 500ml of water, boil for about 20min, and filter the residue to get juice; Wash pig liver, cut into pieces, add ginger, salt and onion, cook for a while, boil the medicine juice in a pot, pour it into pig liver, and take it after boiling once or twice.
Efficacy: soothing the liver and relieving depression, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to qi stagnation and blood stasis type, has bilateral tingling, abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea, and loss of appetite.
Fang 4 bean Elsholtzia porridge
Composition: 30g sword bean, 60g pork liver, 30g Elsholtzia, 60g japonica rice, a little onion, ginger, sesame oil and salt.
Usage: soak Elsholtzia in warm water and cut pork liver into cubes. Sedimentation of Elsholtzia Elsholtzia extract, filtering for later use. Heat sesame oil in a pot, add beans, pork liver and Elsholtzia, stir fry, add yellow wine, salt, onion and ginger, stir fry; Wash japonica rice, add water to the pot, cook porridge, mix with raw materials such as human sword beans and pig liver, and cook for a while.
Efficacy: soothing liver and regulating qi, invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of qi stagnation and blood stasis, refuses to press the ribs, fatigue and loss of appetite.
Fang 5 peach kernel rice porridge
Composition: 20 grams of peach kernel and 50 grams of japonica rice.
Usage: Wash peach kernels, mash them, put them into a pot, add 1 000 ml water, add japonica rice, cook them with strong fire for 5 minutes, then simmer for 30 minutes, and eat them in batches.
Efficacy: promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to qi stagnation and blood stasis type, has stabbing pain in chest and hypochondrium, refusal to press, vomiting and nausea, and loss of appetite.
Fang 6 Elsholtzia cogongrass rhizome beverage
Composition: 20 grams of Elsholtzia, 30 grams of fresh imperata rhizome.
Usage: Wash Elsholtzia and fresh lalang grass rhizome respectively, put them into a pot, add 500 ml of clear water, boil them with strong fire for 5 minutes, then simmer them for 20 minutes, filter the residue to get juice, and drink them in batches.
Efficacy; Clearing heat, promoting diuresis and detoxicating.
Indications: Liver cancer, with damp-heat and blood stasis, hypochondriac scar, abdominal distension, dry stool and red tongue.
Fang 7 Douchi and Coix seed beverage
Ingredients: Douchi 10g, Coicis Semen 10g.
Usage: Wash the fried lobster sauce and coix seed separately, put them in the same pot, add 500 ml of clear water, cook for 5 minutes with strong fire, and then cook for 30 minutes with slow fire. Filter residue to get juice, and eat it several times.
Efficacy, clearing heat and promoting diuresis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to damp-heat and blood stasis type, has stabbing pain under the hypochondrium, abdominal distension and bitter taste.
Fang 8 Fuling winter melon seeds soup
Composition: Poria cocos10g, winter melon seeds10g.
Usage: Wash Poria cocos and winter melon seeds respectively, put them into a casserole, add 500 ml of clear water, boil them with strong fire for 5 minutes, then simmer them for 30 minutes, filter the residue to get juice and drink them in batches.
Efficacy: clearing heat and promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen and regulating stomach.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to damp-heat and blood stasis type, has stabbing pain in hypochondria and loss of appetite.
Fang 9 dandelion rice porridge
Composition: 20 grams of dandelion and 50 grams of japonica rice.
Usage: Wash dandelion, cut it into fine powder, put it in a pot, add 65,438+0,000 ml of clean water, add japonica rice, cook it with strong fire for 3 minutes, then cook it with slow fire for 30 minutes to make porridge, and eat it while it is hot.
Efficacy: clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to damp-heat and blood stasis type, has tingling under the hypochondrium, dry mouth and bitter taste, reddish-yellow urine and general weakness.
Fang 10 Lily Drink
Composition: fresh lily 30g.
Usage: Wash fresh lily, put it in a pot, add 500 ml of water, cook with strong fire for 3 minutes, and then cook with slow fire for 30 minutes. Drink it several times and take it continuously.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and clearing heat.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of heat toxin damaging yin, abdominal distension, hot flashes, night sweats, constipation in stool and short and red urine.
Fang 1 1 crab yellow hawthorn powder
Composition: 300 grams of crab, 300 grams of hawthorn, and appropriate amount of yellow wine.
Usage: Bake crab and hawthorn together and grind them into fine powder for later use. 15-20g, taken with yellow wine twice a day.
Efficacy: detoxification and blood stasis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of heat toxin damaging yin, abdominal distension, dizziness, dry stool and dry mouth.
Fang 12 Jinhua Luffa Beverage
Composition: honeysuckle 10g, old luffa 20g.
Usage: Wash Flos Lonicerae and Luffa respectively, put them into a pot, add 1 000 ml of clean water, boil with strong fire for 3 minutes, change the water to boil for 20 minutes, filter the residue to get juice, and take it in several times.
Efficacy: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of yin injury caused by heat toxicity, stinging in hypochondriac ribs, dry mouth and heat annoyance.
Fang 13 Nine Milk Drinks
Ingredients: fresh leek 60g, milk100ml.
Usage: Wash leek, mash it to get juice, mix it with milk, stew it while it is hot, and swallow it slowly while it is hot.
Efficacy: Harmony with injury, nourishing yin, removing blood stasis and relieving pain.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to the type of yin injury caused by heat toxicity, stinging in hypochondriac ribs, dry mouth and heat annoyance.
Party 14 Qi Guoyin
Composition: 20 grams of Lycium barbarum L. and 0/0 gram of Chinese olive/kloc.
Usage: Wash Fructus Lycii and Fructus Canarii Indici respectively, put them into a pot, add 1 000 ml of clean water, boil with strong fire for 3 minutes, then simmer with slow fire for 20 minutes, filter the residue to get juice, and drink it in batches.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and liver, removing blood stasis and clearing heat.
Indications: Yuezi is due to cancer, which belongs to yin deficiency of liver and kidney, stabbing pain in chest and hypochondrium, and five restlessness and fever; Dry mouth leads to constipation.
Fang 15 bird's nest tremella broth
Composition: 20 grams of bird's nest, 20 grams of tremella, and 50 grams of lean meat.
Usage: Clean lean meat, cut it into small pieces, put it in a pot, add water 1000 ml, add bird's nest and tremella, boil it with strong fire, remove foam, add yellow wine and salt, cook it with slow fire for 20 minutes, and serve after seasoning.
Efficacy: tonify liver and kidney.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to yin deficiency of liver and kidney, tingling in chest and hypochondrium, soreness of waist and knees and emaciation.
Fang 16 honey beverage
Ingredients: honey100g, sunflower seeds 20g.
Usage: shell sunflower seeds, mash them, mix them with honey, and eat them in batches.
Efficacy: nourishing liver and kidney, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
Indications: liver cancer, which belongs to yin deficiency of liver and kidney, tingling under hypochondriac, dry mouth and sore waist and knees.
Fang 17 Walnut Ginseng Decoction
Composition: 20 grams of walnut and 20 grams of ginseng.
Usage: Wash walnut kernel, bake it, mash it, wash ginseng and cut it into small pieces, put it in the same pot, add 1000 ml water, cook it with strong fire for 5 minutes, then cook it with slow fire for 30 minutes, and eat it several times.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and benefiting qi.