background
After Liu Bei took Yizhou, he defeated Cao Cao's army in Hanzhong in the spring of the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), and then sent Liu Feng and Meng Da to occupy Shang Yong. At this time, the territory and strength of Liu Bei Group were greatly enhanced and reached its peak.
However, Cao Cao Group entered the defensive after domestic troubles and foreign invasion. Even so, Cao Cao Group is still the most powerful of the three military groups (Liu Bei, Sun Quan and Cao Cao).
Sun Quan Group pacified Shanyue and captured Jiaozhou and Jingzhou counties (Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang), and its strength was greatly enhanced. However, because Liu Bei Group occupied the south county of Jingzhou, Sun Quan Group was not only unable to develop northward, but also in danger of being attacked by Liu Bei Group and Cao Cao Group. So Sun Quan tried his best to occupy Jingzhou Nanjun.
Battle route
earlier stage
In the spring of 2 19 (twenty-four years of Jian 'an), Liu Beijun once again marched into Hanzhong. Xia, Zhang and Liu Beijun were at loggerheads, but Cao Cao's reinforcements did not come to help. Finally, Han Zhong fell, and Cao Cao returned in vain. In the same year, Guan Yu led the troops to attack North Fancheng of Jingzhou, and Cao Cao sent a general to ban the seven armies to save Xiangfan. General Pound engaged Guan Yu, and an arrow hit Guan Yu on the forehead. At that time, Pound often rode a white horse, and Guan was called General White Horse, so he was very afraid of him. In August, there was continuous heavy rain, and the Hanshui River soared. The water was five to six feet high, and all the seven armies led by Yu Jin were submerged by the Hanshui River. Yu Jin and Pound avoided the highlands. Guan Yu took the opportunity to lead the water army to attack Yu Ban and Pound. Yu Ban had nowhere to escape and surrendered. Pound stood on the levee, wearing armor and holding a bow and arrow. From early morning till noon, Guan Yu's attack became more and more urgent. When Pound ran out of arrows, he started hand-to-hand combat. Pound became braver and braver, but the water became bigger and bigger, and his officials and soldiers surrendered. Pound got on the boat and wanted to go back to Coss' barracks. The ship was overturned by the flood and lost its bow and arrow. He was the only one who punted in the water and was captured by Guan Yu. When he met Guan Yu, he stood and refused to kneel. Guan Yu said to him, "Your brother is in Hanzhong. I want you to be my general. Why not surrender earlier? " Pound cursed: "Vertical Axis, what do you mean by surrender! Wang Wei commanded a million troops, and the world was shocked; You, Liu Bei, are just a mediocrity, how can you compete with Wang Wei! I would rather be a national ghost than a thief! " Guan Yu killed Pound. When Cao Cao heard about this, he said, "I've known Ban for 30 years, but I didn't expect him to be worse than Pound at a critical moment!" Guan Yu took 30,000 prisoners waiting for Cao Jun to his base camp, Gangneung, and then attacked Fancheng. The city was flooded and collapsed everywhere, and everyone was frightened. Someone said to Cao Ren, "The current crisis is beyond our power. We will take advantage of Guan Yu's encirclement and retreat overnight in the canoe. " Man Chong, the magistrate of Runan, said, "The mountain torrents come and go again. I hope I won't stay long. It is said that Guan Yu has sent various factions to Ji, and the people in the south of Xudu are in chaos. Guan Yu was afraid to move forward because he was worried about the way we attacked him. Now if our army retreats, the area south of the Yellow River will no longer be owned by the state. You should stick to it here. " Coss said, "You are right!" So he sank the white horse into the river and swore with the men that Qi Xin would work together to hold Fancheng. There are only a few thousand people in the city, and the walls that are not flooded are only a few feet high. Guan Yu took a boat to the city gate and immediately surrounded Fancheng, cutting off the inside and outside. Guan Yu and his generals surrounded Luchang in Xiangyang. Jingzhou secretariat Hu Xiu and Nanxiang satrap Fu Fang surrendered to Guan Yu.
In October, Lu Hunmin, Sun Lang and others made an insurrection, killed the princess book and joined Guan Yu in the south. Guan Yu gave the official seal to Sun Wolf, gave him the army and told him to disturb Cao Wei. At this time, thieves and Lu Hun south of Xudu accepted Guan Yu's seal, "supporting the party for him", and Guan Yu's reputation shook the whole Central Plains.
middle period
Cao Cao thought that Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was in Xudu, close to the thief army, and planned to move the capital to avoid its sharp edge. Jiang Ji, the army of Prime Minister Sima Yi and a member of the Western Cao family, said to Cao Cao: "Yu Jin and others were defeated because of the flood, not because they lost in the attack, and did not cause great damage to the national plan. On the surface, Liu Bei and Sun Quan are closely related, but in fact they are very distant. If Guan Yu succeeds, Sun Quan will be unwilling. You can send someone to persuade Sun Quan to threaten Guan Yu's rear and promise Sun Quan to seal Jiangnan to him, and the siege of Fancheng will naturally be lifted. " Cao Cao followed their advice.
Sun Quan once proposed to Guan Yu's daughter for his son. Guan Yu scolded Sun Quan's emissary and refused to marry. Sun Quan was very angry. When Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, Lv Meng wrote to Sun Quan and said, "Guan Yu occupied Fancheng, but left many troops to defend it. He must be afraid that I will attack him from behind. I often get sick. I ask you to allow me to lead some soldiers back to Jianye in the name of treating diseases. Knowing this, Guan Yu will definitely withdraw his defensive troops and transfer them all to Xiangyang. Our army sailed back to the Yangtze River day and night and attacked while he was defending against emptiness. Nanjun can be captured and Guan Yu will be captured by me. " Therefore, Monroe claimed that she was very ill. Sun Quan publicly ordered Lu Meng to return to China and secretly planned with him. At the same time, Lu Xun went to Lukou and wrote a letter to Guan Yu, praising Guan Yu's achievements, deeply humbling himself and expressing his willingness to be loyal and entrust his future. Guan Yu felt very secure and no longer suspicious, so he gradually withdrew from the defensive army and rushed to Fancheng. Lu Xun reported the whole situation to Sun Quan and stated the strategic points that could subdue Guan Yu.
Guan Yu got tens of thousands of troops from Yu Jin and others. When food was insufficient and the army ran out of food, he took food and rice from Sun Quan without authorization. When Sun Quan heard about it, he sent troops to attack Guan Yu. When Cao Cao sent troops to Hanzhong, he sent general Huang Xu to assist Coss in Wancheng. When the imperial army was defeated, Huang Xu advanced to Yanglingpo. Guan Yu sent troops to Yancheng. After Huang Xu's troops arrived, they dug a long trench around Yancheng through a secret passage, indicating that they would cut off the back road of Guan Yu's defenders. Guan Yu's defenders burned the camp and retired. After Huang Xu occupied Yancheng, the connected barracks gradually moved forward. Cao Cao sent Zhao Yan as a negotiator to participate in Coss' military deployment, and marched with Huang Xu and his men, but the rest of the reinforcements have not yet arrived. Huang Xu's army didn't have enough strength to solve the siege of Fancheng, but the generals loudly accused Huang Xu and urged him to save Coss. Zhao Yan said to the generals, "Now the thieves have surrounded Fancheng, and the water is still strong. Our troops are thin and isolated from Coss, so we can't work together. This will only hurt both inside and outside the city. Now it is better to approach Guan Yu's encirclement, send spies to inform Coss, and let him start together, which will surely defeat Guan Yu. If there is a crime of delaying the dispatch of reinforcements, I will bear it for you. " The generals are very happy. Huang Xu camped three feet away from Guan Yu's encirclement, dug tunnels, informed Coss of archery books, and exchanged news for many times. Sun Quan wrote to Cao Cao, asking him to be allowed to crusade against Guan Yu and work for the court, and asking him not to leak the news so that Guan Yu could be prepared. When Cao Cao asked his ministers, they all said that it should be kept secret, but Dong Zhao said, "Military actions pay attention to contingency and require timeliness. We should promise Sun Quan to keep it a secret for him, but let the news out in secret. After Guan Yu knew the contents of Sun Quan's letter, if he wanted to return to the army to protect himself, the siege of Fancheng would be lifted soon, and we could make a profit. At the same time, it also makes Sun Quan and Guan Yu, like Touma, two horses with bridled eyebrows, hostile to each other, unable to move. We can sit and wait for them to be exhausted. Keeping a secret and making Sun Quan happy is not the best policy. Moreover, the besieged soldiers don't know that there are reinforcements, so they will be afraid if they calculate that the food in the city is not enough to maintain. If you have other ideas, the harm will not be small, it is better to leak them out. Moreover, Guan Yu is a tough guy. Relying on the solid defense of Jiangling and the public security, he will definitely not retreat soon. " Cao Cao said, "Yes!" Immediately, Huang Xu shot Sun Quan's book credit arrow into the city and shot Guan Yu's barracks. After the besieged soldiers got the letter, their morale was a hundred times higher. Guan Yu really hesitated and refused to withdraw.
later stage
When Cao Cao rescued Cao Ren from Luoyang, his subordinates all said, "Your Majesty will be defeated now if you don't act quickly." Only assistant Huan Jie said, "Do you think Cao Ren and others can estimate the present situation?" Cao Cao said, "Yes." Huan Jie asked again, "Your Majesty, I'm afraid Cao Ren and Lu Chang didn't try their best?" Answer: "No" "Then why did you go in person?" Answer: "I am worried that there are too many enemies, and Huang Xu and others are not strong enough." Huan Jie said, "Now that Cao Ren and others are under attack from all sides, they are still holding their ground and have no second thoughts. It's really because they think your majesty is a foreign aid from afar. In a dangerous place, there must be a desperate struggle. The soldiers in the city have a desperate heart, and there is a strong rescue outside the city. Your majesty, you control the sixth army, which shows that we still have redundant military power. Why go out in person for fear of failure? " Cao Cao agreed with Huan Jie, so he was stationed in Mobei, and sent 12 battalions of troops such as Yin Department and Zhu Gai to reinforce. Guan Yu has troops in Weitou and Sizhu. Huang Xu then threatened to attack the heads of various places, but secretly attacked four graves. Guan Yu saw that the four graves were in danger and personally took five thousand infantry and cavalry. Huang Xu meets, Guan Yu retreats. Guan Yu was surrounded by ten antlers in front of the trench, and Huang Xu chased Guan Yu. Both of them entered Guan Yu's encirclement of Fancheng, and the encirclement was broken. Both Fu Fang and Hu Xiu were killed, and Guan Yu withdrew. However, Guan Yu's boat was still holed up in Mianshui, and the road to Xiangyang was blocked.
When Monroe arrived in Xunyang, she ambushed the elite foot soldiers on a boat called Lu Ji, let the people paddle, wear merchant's clothes, travel day and night, and arrested all the officers and men who placed Guan Yu by the river to watch, so Guan Yu knew nothing about Monroe's actions. The square wood and the stone man have always been dissatisfied with Guan Yu's contempt for himself. Guan Yu led the army outside, and all the military supplies provided by the square wood and the stone man could not be transported. Guan Yu said, "You should punish them when you go back." Elk Fang and the stone man are a little scared. Therefore, Monroe ordered former cavalry commander Yu Fan to write a letter to persuade the stone man to point out his gains and losses. The stone man surrendered after receiving Yu Fan's letter. Yu Fan said to Lu Meng: "This kind of secret military action should take the stone man and leave the army to defend the city." So he took the stone man to South County. Elk Fang guarding the city, Lv Meng invited the stone man to come out to meet him, and Elk Fang surrendered in Kaesong. When Lu Meng arrived in Jiangling, he released the prisoners, caught Guan Yu and his soldiers' families and comforted them. Ordered the army: "Don't disturb the people, don't ask the people for property." There is a Qin Bing under Monroe's account, who belongs to the same county as Monroe, and took a hat from the people's home to cover the government's armor. Although the armor is public property, Lv Meng still thinks that he has violated the military orders, and can't break the military law just because he is a fellow villager, so he beheaded this Qin Bing with tears. So the whole army was shocked and frightened. So Nanjun didn't answer anything. In the morning and evening, Monroe also sent her cronies to visit the elderly, pay pensions, ask them what difficulties they have in life, send medicine to the sick, and send clothes and food to the hungry and cold. Guan Yu's belongings and treasures are all sealed, waiting for Sun Quan to come and deal with them.
Guan Yu learned that the Confederate army had fallen and immediately retreated to the south. Cao Ren called the generals to discuss, and everyone said, "Now Guan Yu is in trouble and very scared. You can send troops to chase him and catch him." Zhao Yan said: "Sun Quan was lucky enough to take advantage of Guan Yu's fierce battle with our army in an attempt to attack Guan Yu's back road, but he was afraid that Guan Yu would lead an army to save him, and that our army would take advantage of the fatigue of both sides and ask for a smooth service for me, but he just sat tight and took advantage of the situation to see the outcome. "Since Guan Yu was alone and ran in a hurry, we should keep him alive and endanger Sun Quan. If we pursue the defeated Guan Yu, Sun Quan will change from guarding against Guan Yu to creating disaster for us. Wang Wei will be deeply worried about this. " Therefore, Coss ordered not to pursue Guan Yu. Cao Cao knew that Guan Yu was retreating, and he was afraid that people would kill him. He quickly sent an order to Coss, as Zhao Yan had expected. Guan Yu sent messengers to contact Lv Meng many times. Lv Meng always treats Guan Yu's emissary well, allowing him to visit all parts of the city and expressing condolences to Guan Yu's relatives. Someone personally wrote a trust to take him away as a proof of peace. When the messenger came back, Guan Yu's men asked him privately about his family, knowing that the family was safe and the treatment was better than before, so Guan Yu's soldiers had no intention of fighting again. Just then, Sun Quan arrived in Jiangling, and all the civil and military officials in Jingzhou joined him.
In November, Yidu, which was set up by Liu Bei, the king of Hanzhong, was the prefect of Fan You and left Yidu County. The leaders of the city and the tribe all defected to Lu Xun. Lu Xun demanded that the official seals made of gold, silver and copper be awarded to the officials who just joined the army, and attacked Liu Bei's general Zhan Yan and others, who lived in Zigui and the countryside, defeated them all, made them mutiny, beheaded and captured, with tens of thousands of people. Sun Quan appointed Lu Xun as the right-back army and general in Zhenxi, and made him Lou Hou. He led his troops to Yiling to guard the canyon.
Guan Yu knew that he was isolated and poor, so he retreated to Maicheng in the west. Sun Quan sent someone to lure him in, Guan Yu disguised himself as a surrender, made a portrait of the banner and put it on the wall, then fled, and all the soldiers ran away. Only a dozen cavalry followed him. Sun Quan had ordered Zhu Ran and Pan Zhang to cut off Guan Yu's way in advance. In December, Sima Ma Zhong of Pan Zhang captured Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping in Zhang Xiang, beheaded them, and Sun Quan occupied Jingzhou.
End of battle
Guan Yu not only failed to capture Xiangyang and Fancheng, but even lost three counties in Jingzhou and was defeated and killed. Liu Bei Group lost three counties in Jingzhou (Nanjun, Lingling and Wuling), and its strength was greatly reduced. Sun Quan Group occupies six counties in the south of Jingzhou (Nanjun, Lingling, Wuling, Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang).