Li Fuqing, a Soviet and Russian sinologist. Academician of Communication, Soviet Academy of Sciences. Born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) to a family of employees. 1955 After graduating from the Oriental Department of Leningrad University, he went to work in Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. 196 1 year obtained the associate doctor's degree, 1965 ~ 1966 studied in China, 1970 obtained the doctor's degree. 1972 as a senior researcher. Li Fuqing has been devoted to the study of China mythology, folk literature and folklore, and he is also very concerned about China contemporary literature.
Chinese name: Li Fuqing.
Boris Lvovich Rifthin
Nationality: Russia
Place of birth: Leningrad, Russia
Date of birth: 1932
Occupation: sinologist
Graduate school: Leningrad University
Representative Works: Oriental Medieval Literary Methods and China's Drama Theory.
The life of the character
Russian sinologist Li Fuqing (борислвовичритин), 1850. Mr Li Fuqing has published more than 200 works in Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, English, German and Vietnamese. His research scope is quite extensive, especially in the fields of Chinese folk literature, Russian classical novels, Chinese New Year pictures and the history of Sino-Russian cultural exchanges. Mr. Li Fuqing often publicizes China culture and introduces his research results in the forums of world-famous universities. He is also a visiting professor at Nankai University and was awarded the "China Language and Culture Friendship Award" by the Ministry of Education of China.
His research interests are Chinese folk literature and classical novels, and he has taught courses such as Fifty Years of Chinese Studies.
He is the author of Wan Li Great Wall Legend and Chinese Folk Literature Genre, China Historical Romance and Folk Literature Tradition —— On Various Oral and Written Variants of Three Kingdoms Stories, From Myth to Zhang Hui Novels, The Evolution of Characters in China Literature and Essays on China Myths and Stories. Other works include History of Cultural Exchanges in Central Asia, Literary Methods in the Middle Ages in the East, and China's Drama Theory.
1932 was born in a staff family in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).
1950 Li Fuqing entered the Oriental Department of Leningrad University and began to learn Chinese.
1953 and 1954, Li Fuqing went to Central Asia again to continue studying Gansu dialect and Shaanxi dialect, and concentrated on collecting oral materials of folk literature.
1955 graduated from the Chinese Department of Oriental Department of Leningrad University, and was assigned to work in the Institute of World Literature of Moscow Soviet Academy of Sciences (now Russian Academy of Sciences), specializing in Chinese folk literature and Chinese popular literature.
1958, Li Fuqing published "The Legend of Han Xin-one of the historical legends of China circulated among Donggan people" in the Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies of China Academy of Sciences, and made a comparative study of the legends and written materials recorded by Li Fuqing in the Biography of Miliang.
1965- 1966 studied in Peking University.
196 1, 1970 received associate doctor's degree and doctor's degree successively, and was promoted to senior researcher and chief researcher successively.
1972, Li Fuqing went to Ulaanbaatar with his friend, Nick Rudoff, an expert researcher in Mongolian folk literature.
1977, Li Fuqing cooperated with two Donggan scholars to compile the collection of Donggan folk tales and legends, which was published by Moscow Science Press.
From 65438 to 0986, Li Fuqing wrote the article "Traditional Elements in Contemporary Literature in China" and participated in the International Symposium on Contemporary Literature in China.
1987 65438+was elected as a member of the School of Communication on February 23rd. He has the highest academic title in Russian sinology literature.
From 65438 to 0992, Li Fuqing went to Taiwan Province Province at the invitation of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University in Taiwan Province Province. The invitation suggests that Li Fuqing should offer two courses, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Chinese Folk Literature, and at the same time host a research project-collecting and comparing the folk literature of the aborigines in Taiwan Province (actually nine different nationalities in Chinese mainland).
From 65438 to 0992, Li Fuqing was invited to Taiwan to attend the seminar on the history of European Sinology.
In 2000, Li Fuqing wrote a long article "Translation and Research of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio-Aleksev and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio", and took it to the second international symposium on the study of strange stories from a Lonely Studio held in Zibo, Shandong Province on 200 1, which aroused great interest of the participants. The published minutes of the meeting published this article in a long space.
20 12 10 died on1October 3rd.
Li Fuqing made a detailed review of his academic research career in the preface of his translation of China's classical novels and legends: Li Fuqing's collection of Chinese studies (the following is quoted from Classical Novels and Legends: Li Fuqing's collection of Chinese studies, Li Fuqing's Fifty Years of China Literature Research (preface), edited by Li Mingbo, Zhonghua Book Company, June 2003).
1950 Li Fuqing entered the Oriental Department of Leningrad University and began to learn Chinese. At that time, there was no teacher, China, and no conversation class, mainly reading, and reading Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles every day. Li Fuqing can learn Gansu dialect in the summer vacation. Although it is not Beijing dialect, it is still better than not speaking it at all. Li Fuqing came to a collective farm inhabited by Hui people in Gansu, named Miliangchuan. Here, Li Fuqing heard all kinds of China folklore, folk stories and folk songs for the first time, such as Jiang Taigong selling noodles, Meng Jiangnv crying at the Great Wall, the legend of Han Xin, male students and female students (that is, butterfly lovers) and so on. As a result, Li Fuqing became interested in Chinese folk literature.
Li Fuqing recorded the legends, stories and folk songs they told Li Fuqing. Because Chinese characters are difficult to write, Li Fuqing recorded the pronunciation with Russian letters. After returning to Leningrad University, Li Fuqing began to look for information in the library, but he didn't get much.
Li Fuqing wrote his graduation thesis with the collected materials. For example, the title of the fourth grade thesis is "A Preliminary Study of Donggan Traditional Folk Songs" (published in Soviet Orientalism 1956). In the fifth grade, I wrote my graduation thesis entitled "Idioms, Proverbs and Two-part Allegory in China", which not only referred to the books published by China, but also used the materials collected by Li Fuqing himself.
Prior to this, there was no record about the legend of Han Xin except for the article Legends and Historical Facts-Legends about Xiao He and Han Xin published by Zhang on pages 6-8 of the 66th issue of Guangzhou Folklore Weekly of 1929. Li Fuqing's record can be said to be the earliest. Of course, there are many legends about Han Xin, such as Han Xin burying his mother alive, his third birthday, killing the overlord and so on.
Li Fuqing wrote a detailed postscript for each story and legend, and compared these stories with related literary works (novels and operas). For example, by comparing Xue recorded in White Robe with Xue Zheng Liao Lue in Pinghua, Xue Dongzheng in Zhang Hui's novel and Xue's script, it is found that some storylines have evolved from Pinghua to novels, from novels to storytelling, and from professional storytelling to popular stories.
Collected 150 fairy tales, which will be published in cooperation with Professor Zheng of Taiwan Province Provincial University. Later, Li Fuqing investigated indigenous tribes and wrote some articles.
1998, Taichung Morningstar Publishing House published a book by Li Fuqing: From Myth to Ghost Story-A Comparative Study of Aboriginal Myths in Taiwan Province Province. This book has attracted the attention of experts from China Academy of Social Sciences.
200 1, Social Science Literature Publishing House published an updated version (simplified Chinese version) of this book, entitled Myth and Ghost Story. In this book, Li Fuqing compares the myths and folk stories of aborigines in Taiwan Province Province with those in Chinese mainland, the Philippines and Oceania. Some myths exist from ethnic minorities on both sides of Heilongjiang to many ethnic groups in Taiwan Province Province, such as the myth of shooting at the sun. Although the myth of Houyi shooting at the sun was recorded very early, the comparative study can prove that the myth of Houyi in ancient China was not primitive, but was formed in a relatively developed stage of human development.
Main work
thesis
I. Documentation
Classical Novels and Legends (Collected Works of Li Fuqing Sinology), edited by Lee Myung-bak, Zhonghua Book Company, June 2003.
Selected Folk Stories of Ethnic Minorities in China, Moscow, 2002.
Catalogue of Chinese New Year Pictures Collected by Russian National Library of Oriental Collection in Moscow. 2002 (Russian).
Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Folk Literature Tradition, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1997.
Li Fuqing on China's Classical Novels, Taipei, Hongye Culture Company, 1997.
Legend of Guan Gong and Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Taipei, Hanyang Publishing House,1997; Yunlong publishing house, 1999.
Three Selected Overseas Orphaned Late Ming Dramas, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1993 (co-edited with Li Ping). (Chinese)
On the Balance of China's Ancient Novels, Nanjing, Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1992. (Chinese)
China Folk Year Paintings Collected by the Soviet Union (co-edited with Wang Shucun and Liu Yushan), People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 1990 (Chinese and Russian version).
China Tales, edited by Ma Changyi, Beijing, China Folk Literature and Art Publishing House,1988; Taipei Student Bookstore, 199 1 year (Taiwan Province Edition).
Common themes and plots in Siberian, Central Asian and Far Eastern folk literature, included in "Oriental Countries and Nationalities" 13, Moscow, Science Press, 1982.
Purple Jade (novels of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, ed.), Moscow, Literature and Art Publishing House, 1980.
translate
Second, translation.
The tall woman and her short husband, Feng Jicai Literature, February 23rd, 1983.
Yin Yun's novels
Han Danchun's Laughing Forest
Hou Bai of "Qi Yan Lu"
monograph
Third, monographs
From Myth to Zhang Hui's Novel, The Evolution of Characters in China Literature, Moscow, Science Press, 1979.
Historical Romance of China and Folk Literature Tradition, Moscow, Science Press, 1970. (Chinese translation income No.228)
A Study of Classical Literature in China of the Soviet Union, translated by Tian Dawei, Bibliographic Literature Publishing House, Beijing, 1987, Taipei Student Bookstore, 199 1 year.
Legend of the Great Wall in Wan Li and Chinese Folk Literature Schools, Moscow, Oriental Literature Publishing House, 196 1 year.
book review
Fourth, book review.
New World No.4 Boccaccio108,000 plums, 1967.
Erudition and academic contribution
Li Fuqing started from folk literature, and gradually expanded his research field to popular literature, classical literature, and then to China traditional culture. Published a series of works, according to incomplete statistics, a total of 255 kinds. At the same time, his information search for his research work is also fruitful. He discovered new editions of ancient books and compiled many related academic research bibliographies. The information is informative and rich, and his achievements have even been praised by domestic colleagues, which also provided convenience and basis for later researchers. Li Fuqing has made outstanding achievements in the study of China literature and made great contributions to Sinology. Mainly can be summarized as four aspects:
China Literature Studies
1. His research covers all fields of China literature, from classical literature to modern and contemporary literature, and even the whole study of China literature. Including translation, introduction, compilation, comment and explanation, his understanding of China literature is creative, and his comparative analysis of China's novels is unique in perspective, novel in formulation and rich in content. Writer Wang Meng praised Li Fuqing for his meticulous and accurate analysis of the application of traditional techniques of China's classical novels in contemporary novels, but some comments were unprecedented before, even surpassing those of his peers in China.
Folk literature and popular literature
Secondly, Chinese folk literature and popular literature have always been a focus of his research, and the objects he has been exploring and expounding have made outstanding achievements. Some fields involved in his theory are unfamiliar to domestic counterparts. Professor Zhong Jingwen, a well-known scholar of folk literature and art, believes that Li Fuqing has raised many questions about folk literature and art that some China folk literature and art scholars have never thought of or touched upon, which can be said to have become his original opinions.
Research on Aboriginal Culture in Taiwan Province Province
Thirdly, study the aboriginal culture in Taiwan Province Province and compare it with the cultures of various nationalities in mainland China. He didn't know the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province at first. After the age of 60, he went to the local area to do fieldwork, visited and recorded in Bunun and other ethnic minority areas, collected a lot of materials, carefully sorted them out, and repeatedly compared and analyzed them, and achieved great achievements beyond his predecessors. He also surpassed the previous research path, not only relying on books and ancient books, but focusing on field investigation, which is an important symbol that distinguishes him from other Russian sinologists at the same time, and also reflects the fine tradition of inheriting his predecessor A Hanlin's in-depth field investigation.
Research on China Folk Art
Fourthly, China folk art research. He is very familiar with China folk art, and his research results are fruitful. He not only quoted many folk arts of past dynasties in his works, including stone carvings, portrait bricks, tomb carvings, murals, silk paintings, statues, theatrical props and various illustrations. , but also pay attention to collecting and sorting out New Year pictures and conducting special research. His collection of Chinese New Year pictures covers not only Russian, but also Japanese, German, British, Czech, Danish and other countries, focusing on the lost New Year pictures in China, and the variety and quantity obtained are also amazing. Hard work created his keen and accurate insight. The folk New Year pictures of China collected by the Soviet Union are 200 lost treasures of China, which are screened out from more than 5,000 old New Year pictures, which can best illustrate his skill in the study of New Year pictures. Now, this book is valued and cherished all over the world. Some New Year pictures museums in Chinese mainland warmly invited him as a consultant, and Taiwan Province Province and Folk Art Museum intend to hire him as a curator. Li Fuqing inherited the tradition of Hanlin in the study of New Year pictures and made innovations in many aspects.
In addition to China literature, Li Fuqing also commented and introduced Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Mongolian and other national literature. It can be said that he has gone beyond the scope of sinology research and can be called an orientalist.
Academic evaluation
The research method is unique.
Li Fuqing's research method is unique. He used Russian literature, cultural theory and even European literature theory to study China literature, especially introduced Russian historical poetics theory, systematic research and comparative analysis methods into China literature research, and found a suitable way to study China literature and culture. This naturally makes his research unique, and of course provides experience for academic research for reference. Li Fuqing's characteristic is to apply the Russian historical poetics tradition to the analysis and research of China literature, thus forming his distinctive personality. Ma Changyi, an expert in Chinese folk literature and a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, once gave a general description of his character: First, he insisted on the reflection theory of historical materialism, based on Marx and Engels' primitive cultural theory. Second, pay attention to systematic research. Content is closely related to form, and different methods are adopted according to different research objects: structural theory, semiotics, statistics and so on. Third, follow the principle of historical poetics and organically combine the research in development (diachronic) with the research in contact (synchronic). Fourth, study literature from poetic and aesthetic perspectives, emphasizing the social and cognitive functions of literature. Five, rigorous style of study, attach importance to information work.
professional ethics
Li Fuqing's professionalism is admirable. His early way of learning Chinese was unusual. In the early 1950s, when I entered Leningrad University to study Chinese, I heard that there was a village on the Soviet side of the Sino-Soviet border in Central Asia, where the descendants of the Hui people in China lived. They spoke Chinese. He goes there to live and work with farmers every summer vacation. Five years later, he learned to speak fluent Chinese and gained a lot of language, culture and social knowledge. When he studied Chinese folk literature, the first problem he encountered was to master the original materials, especially the first-hand materials. He was never afraid, but insisted on field trips and collecting direct materials for decades. From collecting and recording the myths and legends of China and the folk stories of Central Asia and Chinese mainland in the early years, to contacting the aboriginal culture and interviewing the Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province, we solved the mystery of one question after another and found satisfactory answers. Only he can understand how many hardships and risks he has experienced. Not only that, he also expanded the research scope, looking for various versions of China literature, or rare books of ancient books, which have been circulated and lost overseas. I traveled to more than ten countries in Europe and America, searched day and night, rarely stopped, and finally found many rare or lost editions in China. He is ambitious. When they met in Taiwan Province the year before last, he humorously told Li Fuqing about that experience, which Russian sinologists can write as The Journey to the West. Li Fuqing believes that this style of going deep into reality and seriously investigating is also a reason why he has made greater achievements than others.
Modest learning attitude
His attitude of learning with an open mind is also admirable. We should not only learn from the traditions of our predecessors, but also learn from the strengths of our peers and even the younger generation. Every time he meets, he can talk about the new progress of Russian sinology, what new works have been produced and what kind of new people are there. For other people's new achievements, he can not only introduce its main points, but also point out its new discoveries and new opinions; Sometimes you can also send new books or materials you get from others. In short, people everywhere feel that he is concerned about the career achievements of his colleagues in the country. He is sincerely affirming the progress of others, drawing power and nutrition from their achievements and inspiring his own research and transcendence. Every time I talk to him, I not only feel his spirit, but also get inspiration from the clues of academic research on the history of Russian Sinology. Li Fuqing's two books, Russian Literature in China and China Culture in Russia, written in the late 1980s and early 1990s, got his help and provided clues in many aspects.