Chinese name: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mbth
Nationality: Austria
Place of birth: Salzburg, Austria
Date of birth:1756 65438+1October 27th.
Date of death:179165438+February 5.
Occupation: composer
Representative works: Requiem, Shepherd King, etc.
The life of the character
In July, a newspaper in London 1765 published a preview of the concert: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prodigy who could make Europe and even mankind proud. The 8-year-old boy amazed musicians and people of insight. His harpsichord performance, sight-reading ability and improvisation and composition with various musical instruments are amazing. The father of this gifted child, at the earnest request of gentlemen and ladies, decided to extend the detention time. Therefore, you have the opportunity to enjoy the performance of this young composer and his sister ...1756 65438+1On October 27th, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in a family of court musicians in Salzburg, Austria. His father, Leopold Polder Mozart, was originally from Germany. He had seven children, but five of them died young. Only the youngest son Wolfgang and his sister Anna survived and grew up tenaciously. Leopold is a respected violinist and composer. Mozart's extraordinary musical talent has always attracted his joy and attention. Once, he came home with a friend and saw his 4-year-old son writing on staff paper. Father asked him what he was doing. The son replied solemnly, "I am composing music." The child's behavior made two adults smile at each other. Facing the crooked notes on the paper, they thought it was just a child's prank. However, when the careful father carefully looked at his son's work, he suddenly cried to the guest with tears in his eyes: "Dear, come and see! How correct and meaningful this is! " Genius began his creative career! The first page of Mozart's letter to his wife konstanz.
In the long history of European music, it is not uncommon for people to show musical talent from an early age. But it is really hard to find a precocious wizard like Mozart, a musician who can be recognized as a "prodigy" at such a young age. At the age of three, he could play many pieces he had heard on the piano. At the age of 5, he can accurately identify the names of monosyllables, disyllables and chords played on any musical instrument, and even easily tell the pitch of cups, bells and other utensils when they collide ... Such a strong concept of absolute pitch is beyond the reach of most professional musicians all their lives. In order to make Mozart grow up quickly, Leopold tried his best to train him carefully. My son's study and training are extremely strict. In addition to complicated music theory and playing skills, there are Latin, French, Italian, English, literature and history. From 1762, under the leadership of their father, 6-year-old Mozart and 10-year-old sister Nannerl began to roam the whole European continent. They have been to Munich, Frankfurt, Bonn, Vienna, Paris, London, Milan, Bologna, Florence, Naples, Rome, Amsterdam and many other places, and they have caused great sensation everywhere! In Vienna, Austria, they were invited by the emperor to perform in the palace. As a child, Mozart accepted the prize.
Behind the flowers, applause and cheers are hard work, harsh conditions and terrible tests. For money and honor, Leopold asked little Mozart to play in public at any time, no matter how tired the journey was. In order to publicize his son's genius, he forced his children to meet and listen to all kinds of whimsical and difficult proposals. For example, try to play difficult music in a scene that you have never touched before; Improvise the composition according to the bass that the audience imagined temporarily, and immediately play it according to the specified tonality. Cover the keyboard with handkerchiefs without affecting the piano. Play your own works from beginning to end at the concert, and so on. Moreover, such performances almost always last for four or five hours. 1772, 16-year-old Mozart finally ended his wandering life for 10 and returned to his hometown of Salzburg as the chief musician in the archbishop's court band. Although Mozart was a prodigy and enjoyed great honor, in the eyes of the Archbishop, he was just an ordinary slave and a terrible slave. Because he has honor. Mozart, like his predecessor Haydn, had to wait for his master's orders in the hall every day, and he might be reprimanded and abused by the archbishop at any time, even severely punished. However, Mozart is not Haydn after all, he has stronger self-esteem and independent and bold spirit. In order to get rid of the insult and control of the archbishop, he went out to perform again in 1777, hoping to find a place to stay and leave Salzburg forever. To our great surprise, this glittering darling, who once caused a sensation all over Europe, has hit a wall everywhere at the moment! A child prodigy has grown up and is no longer a child prodigy. The former prodigy disappeared, although his talent increased in direct proportion to his age, but the real society was merciless and indifferent to him. He had to return to Salzburg, so the archbishop must be more severe with him. Mozart's bitterness and predicament are not difficult for anyone with common sense of life to imagine. In June, Mozart finally broke with the archbishop in the last straw. He resolutely resigned and left, becoming the first musician in European history to publicly get rid of the shackles of the court. Under the social conditions at that time, this move was undoubtedly extremely bold and heroic. Because it means hardship, hunger and even death. Leopold urged his son to apologize to the archbishop and get back together, but Mozart resolutely refused. In his reply to his father, he wrote: I can't stand it any longer. Thought ennobles people. I am not a duke, but I may be much more upright than many hereditary dukes. I am prepared to sacrifice my happiness, health and even my life. My personality, to me and to you, should be the most precious! Out of the cage, Mozart settled in Vienna, the city of music, and began his career as a freelance artist. At that time, he was only 25 years old, but only 10 years away from the end of his life. Mozart's ease and quickness in writing made his contemporaries and future generations regard him as a genius who learned from his teachers without learning anything. Throughout his life, except for the strict instruction of his father when he was a child, he really didn't receive formal teacher guidance. Genius is undeniable, but people often ignore that genius is also inseparable from hard work and diligence. 1One day in June, 787, Mozart walked with the conductor of the opera Don Juan, Kucharz, and he said, "It is wrong to think that my art is something for nothing. I tell you exactly, my dear friend, no one will spend so much time and thought on composing music as I do; I have not studied the works of a famous artist many times. " There is a typical artist's nature everywhere in Mozart. He is a man who loves life and is full of poetry and emotion. He believes that the poor are the most loyal. "Only the poor are the best and truest friends in the world, and the rich have no idea what friendship is." . He is naive, simple and always in high spirits. He is easily moved, tearful and feminine. He is childlike and full of curiosity like a child. He never seems to grow up. Mozart loved the people he loved. Whenever he talks about his parents and wife, his face can't help flashing with happiness, and his tone is particularly beautiful. At the sacred wedding, he and his wife shed tears of excitement. Everyone was deeply infected and cried with them. Because he has no fixed income and his wife constance is not good at managing family and finance, his married life is very poor. In order to maintain the basic needs of daily life, Mozart worked hard-teaching, performing and creating endlessly. Still, life is awkward. One night in winter, friends visited his house and were surprised to see the couple dancing happily in the room from the window. It was not until they entered the house that they knew that they had to dance to keep warm because they had no money to buy coal, so that they could survive the cold winter. Mozart's life went from bad to worse in his later years, and his health became worse and worse. He has to often ask his friends for help. When his last excellent opera The Magic Flute premiered for the first time (1791September 30th), he was already suffering from chronic diseases. One day, a stranger who looked cold and dressed in black came to worship and asked the master to write a requiem for him. After the stranger left, Mozart tearfully told his wife that this work should be written for himself. "He began to write his last work, Requiem, with fanatical despair ... Mozart was overworked. He can't get rid of the idea that this death mass is for himself. He doesn't think he can finish it alive. He urged himself to write this masterpiece full of death scenes and began a fierce competition with time. An eternal regret is that the winner of this game is death. In the middle of writing the requiem, Mozart could no longer hold the pen in his hand. The ultimate finisher of this masterpiece handed down from ancient times is his favorite pupil, theseus Meyer. The great success of the magic flute brought an indescribable final relief to Mozart who was on the verge of collapse. 17911February 4th, in the middle of the night, he was lying in an abandoned hospital bed, muttering to himself the performance of the magic flute: the first act is over now ... now the aria after the night begins ... In the morning 10, he quietly closed his eyes. At this time, the luxurious Vuitton Opera House was brightly lit, the comfortable box was packed, and people from all walks of life in Vienna gathered together to enjoy the master's new work "The Magic Flute" with relish. On the day of the funeral, the wind roared and the snow fell heavily. The bad weather forced several relatives and friends who attended the funeral to return halfway, leaving only an old grave digger walking alone in a hearse. This is a graveyard for criminals, vagrants and poor people. There are two coffins of others in the buried grave. Constance is seriously ill in bed and can't attend. When she visited the grave a few days later, she couldn't find the exact cemetery. In this way, the previous generation of wizards disappeared without a trace in the history of human civilization, leaving behind 1682 Frohring's outstanding debt. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's CD( 16) is just the opposite of Haydn's-short life and precocity. However, in his life before the age of 36, he created an amazing number of music treasures for people. These include: 22 operas; The most famous are The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan and The Magic Flute. Symphony 4 1, the most famous of which is Symphony 39, Symphony 40, Symphony 4 1; There are 27 piano concertos, among which the 20th, 2nd1,23rd, 24th, 26th and 27th piano concertos are the most famous. There are 6 violin concertos, among which the fourth and fifth violin concertos are the most famous; In addition, he also created a large number of instrumental and vocal works of various genres. Mozart's music is elegant and beautiful, as delicate as pearls, as warm as sunshine and full of youthful vitality. Because of his approachable musical language and clear and rigorous work structure, "there is no trace of axe and chisel in the most complicated creation of music thought." This misleading simplicity is the art that really hides art. "American musician Joseph Makelis put it well:" There was a moment in the history of music when all the opposites were consistent and all the tensions were eliminated. Mozart was that glorious moment. "After Mozart's death, his bones were buried in St. Max cemetery (a simple burial was carried out at that time). Address: 6-8 Leberstrasse, Vienna, St. Marx Friedhoff,110. 189 1 year, his tombstone was moved from St. Marx's Cemetery to Tomb No.55 of the Central Cemetery Celebrity Cemetery 32A. A marble statue of Mozart was created in 1896, and now it is located in the castle garden, which is a place that tourists like to visit.