The image of Yang Lian who died for his country makes us remember his name forever, and at the same time makes us familiar with another word, Lindong Party. The origin of the Lindong Party should start with the restoration of Donglin Academy in Gu Xiancheng. Gu Xiancheng was born in Wuxi, Changzhou. In eight years, he was a scholar, and later he went to the official department to select articles. In the twenty-second year of Wanli, in the battle for the title of Prince, Gu Xiancheng advocated that the eldest son should be the Prince and Zhu should be the Prince. The God in Gu Xiancheng hates the stubbornness of the Jews. S Sect. In the same year, when the cabinet minister was elected, Gu Xiancheng recommended the former records who were dismissed for making Zhu Changluo the prince. He didn't agree. God settled old scores together, deprived Gu Xiancheng of his official position and exiled him to his hometown. In the thirty-second year of Wanli, with the support of Changzhou magistrate Ouyang Dongfeng and Wuxi magistrate Lin Zai, Gu Xiancheng resumed the Donglin Academy where Shiyang gave lectures, and gave lectures with Gao Panlong, Qian Yiben, Xue Fujiao, Shi Menglin, Yu Kong and Yu Yuncheng. He was a student of two brothers, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, great scholars in the Song Dynasty, and a disciple of Zhu Yes, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar. The Neo-Confucianism system founded by Cheng Zhu was established as orthodox thought by the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty and made great progress. When Gu Xiancheng rebuilt Donglin College, he clearly declared that he was a new school in Zhu Cheng, and many scholars came here to attend classes. What attracts scholars more is Gu Xiancheng's attack on current politics. After giving lectures, Gu Xiancheng and others often attack current politics and comment on figures, and their remarks often affect the promotion of scholars. This kind of political lecture activity has formed a wide range of social influences. At one time, a group of gentry from the south of the Yangtze River and political representatives from various factions in the ruling and opposition parties gathered around the forest movement scholars with Donglin Academy as the center, and Donglin Academy gradually developed into the center of public opinion. However, Lin Dong scholars headed by Gu Xian never claimed to be Donglin Party. The ancient party in China generally refers to cronies, not our modern party. The so-called cronies originally meant that some people colluded with each other for personal gain. Later, it generally refers to the formation of a party by literati, that is, the formation of interest groups. So the party is a derogatory term. For example, the Analects of Confucius says that a gentleman is proud and does not argue, and the heroes do not belong to one side. It is also said that a gentleman is a week instead of a week, and a villain is a week. It means that gentlemen can live in harmony, but they don't want to form gangs for personal gain, while villains like to collude, but I can't get along with them. What does a forest party mean? Oriental Party is a eunuch party headed by Wei Zhongxian, which is a disparaging term for oriental scholars headed by Gu Xiancheng. So called, it is an attempt to frame them in the name of forming a party, because what the rulers hate most is that literati form a party for personal interests. During the Wanli period, Zongshen did not go to court for a long time, lived in the palace for a long time, drank and had fun, and no one asked about government affairs. He also sent mines to reduce taxes and let mines go to places to find people's wealth. Party member in the East is often fearless of power, bold and effective, and gets rid of bad politics. Winning glory for our country and the subsequent cases of thunderbolt, red pill and palace withdrawal, party member, from the standpoint of maintaining feudal ethics, resolutely opposed Zhu Li's interference as a prince and Li, and demanded a thorough investigation of the behind-the-scenes messengers of the three cases. However, not all bureaucrats and literati unconditionally support the idea of the Lindong Party. Around the three cases of fighting for the capital and the Ming Palace, the bureaucrats and the scholar-bureaucrat class had differences, forming different factions such as Xuandang, Kundang, Qidang, Chudang and Zhedang. They didn't. I didn't have the same clear idea as Lin Dong Party. Their combination is more like ga.

The third year of the apocalypse is the year of official inspection. Zuodu Yushi assisted the official ministers, presided over the Beijing inspection, and deposed officials of Qi, Chu and Zhejiang, such as Qi Shijiao, Zhao Xingbang and Guan Ying Zhen. At that time, Wei Zhongxian was good at politics, but Zhao Nanxing and other forestry officials were not. They did not cooperate with eunuchs, so they won the praise of scholars. However, the Lindong Party prides itself on being honest and upright, denouncing those who disagree with political views as evil people, evil parties, and even castrating the Party, which has a very bad influence. Officials rejected by Lin Dong turned to eunuchs for self-protection and their political future. In this way, after the Lindong Party came to power, it became more and more isolated among court officials, while the influence of Wei Zhongxian and the United States grew. In order to destroy the opposition, Wei Zhongxian attacked the Lindong Party in three ways, and instigated his followers to list the Lindong Party in an attempt to destroy it. In the fifth year of the apocalypse, he wrote a letter and burned imperial academy. The following year, Donglin Academy suffered its first disaster and was demolished immediately. Donglin Academy is in ruins. Oriental party member was also forced to be injured, and many famous forest figures, such as Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou, were killed. After Ming Sizong succeeded to the throne, he listed ten major crimes of Wei Zhongxian and punished Wei Zhongxian. On December 23, the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Emperor Chongzhen officially ordered the investigation of the Yan Dang case, and a total of 258 people were held accountable. On the other hand, stop persecuting Lin Dangren, restore Lin party member's reputation, repair Donglin Academy, and make Gu Xiancheng the right assistant minister of the official department and Duan Wen of posthumous title. However, the Lindong Party has not been really reused, because it is willful, loyal to evil, far-straight, and hates courtiers forming political parties. The Eastern Party was a social group dominated by honest officials and intellectuals in the late Ming Dynasty. They care about politics, pay attention to honesty and cynicism and are full of the spirit of saving the world. This spirit of saving the nation inherited the traditional thought of saving the country and tried to save the country with Confucianism. This has played a certain role in promoting the deteriorating social atmosphere. Their attack on current politics is also a warning to the rulers. However, in practice, they can't adhere to the principle, often impulsive, regardless of the overall situation, blindly tolerate and exclude dissidents and regard the opposition as eunuchs. For example, when Zhao Nanxing was in Beijing, officials in Qi, Chu and Zhejiang provinces were dismissed for personal grievances. Some officials who were rejected by the Lindong Party were forced into the arms of Wei Zhongxian, thus strengthening the power of eunuchs. From this perspective, the Lindong Party was also the chief culprit in the demise of the Ming Dynasty. After the Party, the bureaucrats and gentry of the Ming Dynasty organized a unification meeting. The main founder of Fu She is Zhang Pu in Jiangnan. Zhang Pu was born in Taicang County, Suzhou, South Zhili. Zhang Pu is studious, generous and enthusiastic, and scholars from all over the world come to learn from him. He is honest and hates eunuchs monopolizing and framing Zhongliang. In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian ordered eunuch Luo Zhi to sue Lin Dong party member and an honest taxi doctor. At the peak of Wei Zhongxian's activities in the United States, Zhang Pu, who was not afraid of power, went upstream and resolutely founded the British Society in Suzhou. For a time, scholars from all over the country responded and came to join the club. They quickly expanded from Jiangnan to Jiangbei, Hebei and other places, and successively established Jiangnan Film Society, Jiangbei Film Society and Hebei Film Society. In name, reading is the priority of the club, but in fact, it aims to promote honor and change the social atmosphere. In the seventh year of the apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian committed suicide, and four cases were ordered to severely punish eunuchs. The fall of eunuchs makes people happy. Zhang Pu improvised an inscription on the tomb of five people, warmly praising the five Suzhou warriors who were killed for resisting the eunuch tyranny. This article expresses the nobleness of Zhang Pu.

In March of the sixth year of Chongzhen, Zhang Pu held the third general meeting of Fu She in Huqiu, Suzhou. More than 1000 people attended the meeting, and people were crowded inside and outside. The scale of the scene is very rare. This is the largest grand event in the history of Fu She, marking the peak of the fame of Fu She and Zhang Er. However, when it is extremely prosperous and declining, the extremes of things will be reversed. Due to the important influence of the complex society on the imperial examination, scholars and intellectuals from all over the world have joined the complex society one after another, resulting in a complex composition of members of the complex society, including many snobs. In this way, Fu She changed from a place for studying and making friends to a place for everyone to pursue fame and gain, which was by no means Zhang Pu's original intention. With the huge scale of reunion, Zhang Pu became more and more eager for quick success. He had hoped to expand the influence of complex society by recruiting disciples, thus affecting the political trend of the imperial court and realizing his political ideal. However, in real life, although the members of Fu She are all very talented people, they are not good at imperial examinations. Only part of them have entered the official career, and their positions are low, so it is difficult to have a significant impact on state affairs. In this case, Zhang Pu did not hesitate to use extreme means to manipulate politics. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Zhang Pu used his reputation as a hunter to run around and help Zhou Yanru, the former records, rejoin the cabinet. After Zhou Yanru entered the cabinet again, he turned against James Wan. He used more people who returned to society, thus making state management a new kind of management. However, Zhou Yanru and others are too greedy. In the battle with the Qing army, they were afraid of death and lied about their military situation. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Zhou Yanru and others were executed. Because of this, the Guangfu Association was implicated and hit, and the Guangfu movement entered a trough. 1652, the fu society was banned by the Qing government, and it came to its own end. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the social economy was prosperous, but the government was corrupt and the people had a heavy burden. With the conflict between the two, the social atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty was corrupted, the class contradictions were sharp, the internal and external troubles intensified, and the Ming Dynasty was in jeopardy. In order to restore traditional culture, save the people, revitalize the country and resist foreign aggression, some disgruntled and far-sighted bureaucrats joined forces with frustrated and relegated officials to form various groups to cultivate self-cultivation and give lectures and comment on current politics. Dongfang Party and Fushe were two influential groups of scholars at that time. They are full of political enthusiasm, care about family affairs, national affairs and world American affairs, advocate learning and retro, advocate practical learning, exchange ideas and problems, hone their character, oppose empty talk, pay attention to the life of the American country, society and people, and actually participate in political struggles. Their behavior has been positively responded by intellectuals, so they are regarded as models of intellectuals and respected. But they were too bookish and intolerant, which led to the Chongzhen Uprising, a national event in the United States. The key is that they advocate empty talk and lack practical experience. In real political life, Ken Ban can't do it. He didn't put forward effective policies to save the Ming Dynasty. With the help of their followers, Lin Dong Party and Fu She finally led the Ming Dynasty to the abyss step by step. With theocracy, in the political arena of the Ming Dynasty, various political forces were as unpredictable as a merry-go-round. In the Ming dynasty, it declined day by day.