Zheng Zhuanggong reigned for 43 years, and Zuo Zhuan recorded his deeds in the 22 years from Lu Yin's chronicle to Zhuang Gong's death in Lu Huangong 1 1. He is the most active figure in this period recorded in Zuo Zhuan.

Marxism holds that to analyze and evaluate any works or characters in works, we should proceed from the reality of literary creation and make a comprehensive and concrete analysis of literary works and literary phenomena in order to make a scientific evaluation. Strictly speaking, Zuo Zhuan is not a real literary work, but a historical work with strong literary meaning. For a historical figure like Zheng Zhuanggong, we should adopt a historical, scientific and fair attitude, proceed from a comprehensive and holistic perspective, and analyze it realistically, so as to give him a correct understanding and evaluation. Based on this principle, let's first look at what kind of person Zheng Zhuanggong is described in Zuo Zhuan, and then analyze Duan Yanyu by Zheng Boke to see if people's evaluation of Zheng Zhuanggong is fair.

First of all, in the description of Zuo Zhuan, Zheng Zhuanggong respected Wang Chongli very much. Some of his achievements were highly praised by people when the imperial power was declining at that time. In the eighth year of Lu Yingong, due to Zhou's long-term abandonment of Mount Tai, he wanted to exchange the land next to Mount Tai for Lu (the first year of Lu Huangong), and therefore he added jade to Lu in exchange for offering sacrifices to Duke Zhou. It can be seen that Zheng Zhuanggong is very polite.

In Lu Yingong for five years, he visited Zhou Tianzi every week, but King Huan of Zhou did not receive any courtesy. In the autumn of seven years, Lu Yingong passed the State of Qi to the King of Qi, which was called "Li" in the Spring and Autumn Annals.

Lu Yingong 10, "Song Gong Fei Wang. Zheng Bo is Wang Zuoqing, invited by the king. " In the summer of May, Zheng, Lu and Qi attacked Song, and Zheng Lien Chan won a great victory, but he gave all the occupied land of Song to Lu. Zuo Zhuan said: "Zheng Zhuanggong is the right way! It is right to ask the court at the king's behest. Don't be greedy for its soil to serve the king. "

In five years, King Bo arrested Zheng, but Zheng Bo did not go to court. In autumn, the king cut Zheng with princes and Zheng Bo conquered. As a result, he defeated Julian Waghann and shot King Huan of Zhou in the shoulder. When Dr. Zheng wanted to chat and asked to pursue Zhou Wang, he said, "A gentleman doesn't want more people. How dare he be the son of heaven? "If you save yourself, the cherry blossoms will be intact, and there will be more!" It means that a gentleman is neither arrogant nor impetuous, how dare I infringe Lingtian characters! If only we could save our country from losses. And sent a second condolence around Zhou Wang overnight. You can see Zheng Zhuanggong's respect for the king.

Secondly, Zheng Zhuanggong possessed the excellent qualities necessary as an outstanding politician at that time, but he never had the ambition to dominate the vassal, which further illustrated the position of kingship consciousness and moral concept in his mind. Although Zheng Zhuanggong respects Wang Chongli, he doesn't stick to the rules. Some of his behaviors reflect people's new understanding of the avenue and etiquette system. Zheng Zhuanggong was active in China society in the Spring and Autumn Period, with obvious characteristics of the times. This is a period of transition from patriarchal society to feudal society. During this period, the royal power declined, the vassals competed for hegemony, the patriarchal clan system collapsed, ethics and morality declined, and various etiquette systems and social customs were also seriously damaged. In this social environment, some decadent and dissolute people in the ruling class really do everything they can to kill their brothers and steal their mothers and betray their beliefs. Living in such a realistic environment, Zheng Zhuanggong will inevitably be affected. For example, in the spring of 2 years in Lu Huangong, Song Chenhua's father and governor killed Confucius and took possession of his wife, because he saw that her was beautiful. Song Jun was not satisfied with the choice of this matter, so Governor China killed him again.

At that time, the rulers did not respond to the man who killed his wife and committed the crime at that time. Qi, Lu, Chen, Zheng and other countries supported the establishment of Fahrenheit regime because of accepting bribes. Lu also openly put the bribes he accepted-the cauldron of the family got from the Song State-in the ancestral temple, indicating that people's moral consciousness had fallen to the extreme at that time. In this realistic environment, the traditional ideas in Zheng Zhuanggong's mind are inevitably impacted.

For another example, in six years, Northern Rong cut Qi, and Qi Hou asked Zheng for advice. Zheng sent a prince to save Qi. "In June, I was defeated by Rong's family, and I won two generals and Shao Liang, and the first one was 300, which was neat." At that time, other vassal states also had soldiers to save Qi, but only Zheng Shi was active. Qi Huangong gave gifts to the Lu people who presided over the royal etiquette of Zhou, and Lu put the meritorious Zheng State behind the title order of Zhou Tianzi. This old-fashioned hierarchical order caused dissatisfaction, which led to the war between Zheng and Lu Lang. Zhou Wang seized Zheng Bo's power twice, and Zheng Bo responded accordingly, indicating that although Zheng Zhuanggong had a strong traditional concept of respecting Wang Chongli, he did not stick to the rules. His thoughts and behaviors were also branded with the times, which objectively reflected the decline of royal consciousness at that time.

From the above comprehensive analysis of Zheng Zhuanggong's image, we can see that although Zheng Zhuanggong's thoughts and behaviors have obvious characteristics of the times, he is basically a figure with strong traditional moral values. He respects the king. Of course, respecting Wang Shouli was the right and wrong standard used by the ruling class to evaluate characters at that time, and it was also based on the political morality of the ruling class. This is something that we must pay attention to analyze and criticize when reading Zuo Zhuan, and it cannot be used as a standard to evaluate historical figures today. But it can be used as the basis for us to understand the characters' personalities, and it plays an important role in comprehensively analyzing and evaluating historical figures. China people always admire wisdom and are keen on strategy. The so-called "attack it unprepared, the soldiers will block it, and there can be no more wars" is the image portrayal of this cultural tradition. Therefore, the greatest feature of people who have made achievements in politics in history must be their extraordinary political wisdom, perfect use of strategies, leisurely going through ups and downs, grasping the initiative and never giving up. Zheng Zhuanggong in the early Spring and Autumn Period is a typical example.

The greatest achievement in history is that Zheng, a small country established at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, took the lead in rising in the early Spring and Autumn Period and used various means to "dominate the world". Of course, today, this achievement is not earth-shattering. But if we look at Zheng Zhuanggong's political skills, we have to admire him.

Zheng Zhuanggong's political wisdom is brilliant, one of which is what he can stand. Su Shi's "On Hou" has a cloud: "The so-called heroes in ancient times must have extraordinary festivals, and human feelings cannot be ninja. Men are not brave enough to draw their swords when they see humiliation and stand up and fight. There are brave people in the world, but they are not surprised when faced with them, and they are not angry when they add a word for no reason. This is a big hostage, and his ambition is far away. " Zheng Zhuanggong is such a person. When his mother Chiang Kai-shek colluded with his younger brother Uncle Duan and caused him trouble in many ways, he could keep calm. Uncle Duan wanted to occupy a good position, so he sent him to Beijing. Uncle Duan was greedy, overhauled the city and plotted evil. He also pretended to be careless and endured for a while.

Zheng Zhuanggong's political wisdom is brilliant, and his second performance is that he can be ruthless. In the final analysis, Zheng Zhuanggong's forbearance on his younger brother's forced palace and his concession in the face of King Huan of Zhou's attack are not simply forbearance or concession, but a preemptive strike. He didn't take countermeasures immediately, but he didn't want to show his cards to his opponent prematurely without preparation. Therefore, while forbearing, Zheng Zhuanggong has been making full preparations in private in order to defeat the enemy at one stroke. Ironically, his opponent knew nothing about this, and mistook his restraint, forbearance, compromise and concession for weakness, so he advanced step by step: Duan Shu transferred troops to attack Zheng, and Zhou Huan Wang invaded Zheng Shendi on a large scale. Who knows, their act of getting carried away just gives Zheng Zhuanggong a chance to make up his mind to fight back in an all-round way. On the premise of full preparation, he gave his opponent a head-on blow: "stop making trouble" and end the curse of domestic unrest in one fell swoop; In the battle of Changge, the new "Fish and Plum" array was used to kill Zhou's allies, and even Huan Wang himself was wounded by an arrow. Visible, don't push, then. Once the move is made, it will be precise and ruthless, thunderous and devastating to the opponent. This is also a remarkable sign that Zheng Zhuanggong's strategic consciousness is highly mature.

Zheng Zhuanggong's political wisdom is brilliant, and the third performance is that the aftermath can be stable. Confucius said: "Too much is too late". A truly brilliant strategist is very rational when setting strategic goals, and will never get carried away in the face of victory. Instead, he can pay attention to moderation and stop when he is well. In modern words, he can be "rational, favorable and restrained". Zheng Zhuanggong's achievements in this regard are equally remarkable. Frustrated Duan Shu's rebellion plot and forced him to flee to the commons, he stopped pursuing, because he knew that Duan Shu was so nervous at this time that it was really not worth taking the time to deal with.

However, Zheng Zhuanggong's political wisdom and strategic awareness still amaze today's historical readers. Indeed, from a deeper perspective, we can easily find that patience, toughness and steadiness are not useful lessons for today's international strategic competition. The Spring and Autumn Oath Study criticized Zheng Zhuanggong for two reasons:

First, he knowingly connived at Duan's crime. When he is mobilizing troops to rebel, he will be wiped out in one fell swoop. Reflects the cunning of Zheng Zhuanggong.

Second, Zheng Zhuanggong was hypocritical to his mother, Chiang Kai-shek. He kicked the style out of the palace, and also issued an oath that "it is better to bury in the grave and never meet again", which reflected his ruthlessness. Uncle Kao should come to remonstrate, and his crocodile-like welcome style shows his hypocrisy.

These opinions seem reasonable on the surface. However, after a comprehensive understanding of Zheng Zhuanggong's personality characteristics and careful analysis of the full text, they seem to have untenable places. At the beginning of the article, I wrote: "The birth of Zhuang Gong surprised Jiang's family, so I called it birth, so I hated it. If you love your uncle and want to establish it, please ask Wu Gong and Gongfu Xu. " It can be seen that although Zhuang Gong and Duan are female compatriots, their treatment after birth is different. Zhuang Gong had no maternal love since childhood. Zheng Zhuanggong was a hero, but he also made two important political mistakes.

An important mistake was that he did not make proper arrangements for the position of Prince Tu Li (that is, Zheng) during his lifetime, so that after his death, Zheng immediately fell into a dispute with (Gongzi Tu), which made Zheng form a chaotic situation in which the two kings stood side by side, causing great harm for a long time.

Another important mistake was to reuse Gao Qumi, which left serious trouble for Zheng. Before 695, Duke Zhuang wanted Gao to go to Miqing, but Zhao Gong, the prince, opposed it. Zhuang Gong didn't listen, and insisted on using Gao Qiu as his minister. With Zhao Gong as king, Gao Qiu was afraid that Zhao Gong would take the opportunity to kill himself, so he took the opportunity to go out hunting with Zhao Gong, shot him, and conspired with the powerful minister Jizhong to replace Zhao Gong's disciple with the king.

Zheng Zhuanggong reigned for forty-three years and died in 70 BC1year. Zheng also turned from prosperity to decline.

Mao Zedong's eyes.

Mao Zedong had a unique understanding and spoke highly of many emperors in history all his life. He thinks that Shang Zhouwang is a "very capable person", praises Cao Cao as an "outstanding figure of the feudal ruling class", admires Liu Bang as an "outstanding politician" and praises Zhu Yuanzhang as "excellent strategy and courage". However, through all the reading collections in Mao Zedong, only Zheng Zhuanggong and Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu in the early Spring and Autumn Period, can be called "very capable".

1February, 959 to1February, 960, Mao Zedong said in a conversation reading the Soviet Union's "Political Economy (Textbook)": "There was A Zheng Zhuang Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period, and this person was very powerful." The famous Qin Emperor Hanwu and Tang Zong Song Zu in history were just brushed aside by Mao Zedong with "a little literary talent and a little coquettish", while Zheng Zhuanggong, with a general name, unexpectedly became a "powerful" figure in Mao Zedong's eyes and was crowned with the title of "extraordinary", which is incredible. In Mao Zedong's own words, this is because Zheng Zhuanggong is "very skillful in both domestic and international struggles".