Reference:
Centennial aviation history
190365438+February 17 A biplane "Flyer" driven by an internal combustion engine with power of 12 HP was developed by two American brothers Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, and successfully tested in Kitty Hawk Beach, North Carolina. The plane, piloted by Orville Wright, took off for the first time at 12 second and the distance was 36.58 meters. There were three test flights that day, and the best one was left blank for 59 seconds, with a flight distance of 260 meters, and was driven by wilbur wright. This is the first time that mankind has made a sustained and successful flight on a steerable, heavier-than-air powered piston plane. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1906165438+1October 12 Brazilian a Santos Dumont created the first sustained flight in Europe with his "14- Bis" canard biplane in the suburbs of Paris. This achievement was listed as the first recognized record by FAI.
1909 On July 25th, Frenchman bleriot took off from Calais, France with a monoplane "bleriot Xi" and flew to Dover, England in 37 minutes. He successfully crossed the English Channel by plane for the first time and won the prize of 1000 provided by the Daily Mail.
1September 2, 9091Feng Ru, China's first aircraft designer, pilot and overseas Chinese living in the United States, successfully developed the "Feng Ru-1" biplane in the United States, and made a trial flight in Oakland, California, which was successful. This is the first time for China people to fly into the sky in a homemade plane. Subsequently, he successfully developed the "Fengru II" aircraft at191,with a flying speed of 104 km per hour, a flying height of 2 10 m and a range of 32 km, which was the highest in the flight competition held in San Francisco Bay that year.
1910165438+10/4 American pilot E.EIy successfully took off from the wooden platform built on the deck of the cruiser Birmingham moored in Hampton Harbor, Virginia, indicating the emergence of aircraft carriers and carrier-based aircraft. In 65438+1October 18, he boarded the deck platform of the cruiser "Pennsylvania" anchored in San Francisco Bay. This is the first successful landing of the plane.
191111165438 Italian captain C. Gavotti flew an "R.Taube" monoplane in Tejila, North Philippines. This is the beginning of the plane explosion.
19 12 On April 13, the Royal Flying Corps was established as the first official aviation unit in the world. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1965438+On August 27th, 2003, Captain Nie Shelov of Russian Army (пннестеров) flew a "Nikobot" IV. This stunt, which makes the plane fly in a flip circle on the vertical plane, was later called "Nie Shelov somersault".
On July, 2007 19 1 1, the headmaster of Nanyuan Aviation School was ordered by Duan to bomb the Qing Palace (now the Forbidden City in Beijing) with three bombs. On July 1 that year, Zhang Xun colluded with the royalist Kang Youwei and others in Beijing to support the abolition of Emperor Puyi, restore the throne, and change the six years of the Republic of China to Xuantong nine years. In the name of opposing the restoration, Duan set out from Tianjin Racecourse to crusade against Zhang. 12 July, Puyi was forced to announce his abdication again.
1918165438+1October 1 1 World War I ended. At the end of the war, the Royal Air Force had more than 22,000 aircraft, ranking first among all air forces in the world. However, the French aviation industry has a strong production capacity, with a total of 67,982 aircraft produced during the war; Germany produced 47,637 aircraft; Italy produces about 20,000 aircraft; The United States entered the war late, producing 15000 aircraft in 2 1 month.
1919 April19 A collapsible parachute designed by American F. Smith was successfully tried by L.lrvin for the first time from the plane. The umbrella cover and rope of this kind of umbrella are folded in the umbrella cover. When Owen jumped off the plane, he pulled open the umbrella cover in mid-air, which unfolded in the airflow and carried him to land safely. Three years later, on1October 20th, 1922, 10, Captain H. Harris, a US Army air test pilot, was flying over McCook Airport in Ohio. When the plane broke down seriously, he climbed out of the plane and landed with an umbrella. This is the first time in the world to use a folding parachute to save the life of a wrecked pilot.
In July, 1923, the first biplane two-seat reconnaissance trainer developed by Guangzhou Aircraft Factory held a test flight ceremony. Sun Yat-sen personally named it "Le Shiwen" (taking the Chinese translation of the English name Rosamande when Soong Ching Ling stayed in the United States). At the test flight ceremony, the plane, piloted by Huang Guangrui, successfully lifted off and circled over Guangzhou twice before landing safely. In order to encourage the development of aviation, Sun Yat-sen wrote an inscription "Saving the country by aviation".
1924 successfully flew around the world for the first time from April 6 to September 28. Four DWC (Douglas World Cruiser) single-engine cockpit biplanes (modified from Douglas DT-2 biplane, amphibious) of the US Army Air Force, led by Major F. Martin, set out from Seattle, Washington, stopped in more than a dozen countries and regions, and finally returned to Seattle. Two of the planes (including Martin's plane) crashed midway. The whole journey is 42,389 kilometers, which takes 176 days and the flight time is 363 hours and 7 minutes. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1926 on may 9, the plane flew over the north pole for the first time. The Fokker VIIA-3M three-engine monoplane Josephine Ford, piloted by Major R.E.Byrd of the US Navy and F.Bennett, departed from King's Bay, Spitsbergen Islands, which belongs to Norway, crossed the Arctic Ocean, flew to the North Pole and turned back, with a total voyage of 2,575 kilometers. Three years later,1October 28th to 29th, 1929 165438+Bird led the crew to fly over the South Pole for the first time. Lt. Col. Byrd was the navigator, B.Balchen was the pilot, and the four-person team flew a Ford 3-engine 4-AT plane. Floyd Bennett set out from Little Amelia base on the edge of Antarctica, flew to the South Pole and returned, and the round-trip flight time was 18 hours and 59 minutes. Byrd became the first man to fly over the poles of the earth.
1927 From May 20th to May 20th, 2 1, the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean failed to land. C.Lindbergh, a 25-year-old American postal pilot, took off from Long Island, new york, flying continuously for 33 hours and 30 minutes, spanning a distance of 58 10 km, and landed at Bourget Airport near Paris, with an average speed of 173 km. He received a hero's warm welcome and won a prize of $25,000. His success greatly inspired the American people's enthusiasm for aviation. The plane he used was a single-engine and single-wing postal machine made by Ryan Company, which was named "Spirit of St. Louis".
1931On May 27th, a manned balloon rose to the stratosphere for the first time. A.Piccard, a Swiss scientist, and P.Kipfer, an assistant, took a closed pod designed by themselves and were carried to the altitude of 1579 1 m by a hydrogen balloon. The closed pod is a sphere made of aluminum alloy with a diameter of about 2.l meters. There are several glass windows with a diameter of about 10 cm on the spherical surface for external observation. They took off from augsburg and landed near Innsbruck after 17 hours' flight. Picard studied cosmic rays at high altitude.
1935165438+1October 22nd, Pan American Airlines launched its first scheduled air mail flight across the Pacific Ocean, using M- 130 four-engine seaplane "China Slippers". 4 crew members, 46 seats or 18 sleepers. At that time, it took off from San Francisco, passed through Hawaiian Islands, Midway Island, wake island and Guam, and arrived in Manila. On June 65438+1October 2 1 the following year, Pan American Airlines used this plane to open regular flights across the Pacific Ocean for passengers.
On June 26th, 1936, the world's first helicopter with normal maneuverability Fw-6 1 was successfully tested. The plane was developed in Germany. It has two sets of three-leaf rotors and only one person.
1937 On April 12, the world's first aviation turbojet engine made its first test flight. This plane was developed by British engineer whittle. It consists of a single-stage compressor, a single-stage turbine and a single-tube combustion chamber. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1937 On May 6th, the German giant airship LZ-129 "Hindenburg" crashed and burned. The captain is 244 meters and the maximum diameter is 39.65 meters. It is equipped with a luxurious cabin, lounge, promenade and smoking room. It was the last giant hydrogen-filled rigid passenger airship built and put into use in Germany in 1936, which was used for transportation between Europe and America across the Atlantic. On that day, a total of 97 passengers and crew flew to Lake Hurst, New Jersey, USA. When preparing for the mooring tower, the tail suddenly caught fire, igniting hydrogen, and the whole airship burned into a sea of fire. 36 people were killed. The airship has since withdrawn from the passenger stage.
On August 1937 and 14, the Kisarazu Air Force of the Japanese Navy stationed in Omura, Kyushu and the Luwu Air Force stationed in Taipei, Taiwan Province Province dispatched "Mitsubishi C3M" 96 land-based long-range bombers to fly to Hangzhou, Guangde, Nanchang and Nanjing to bomb China Air Force Airport. Captain Gao Zhihang, the 4th Battalion of China Air Force, who just moved to Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport, led his Eagle -III fighter to take off to meet him. The two sides launched a fierce air battle over Jianqiao. After half an hour of fighting, six Japanese bombers were shot down, and China lost only one fighter. This is the famous "August 14th Air War" in history, which shows the patriotic spirit of China Air Force officers and men in their heroic resistance to Japan.
1938 10.22 Italian pilot M.Pezzi} flew the caproni ca 16 1 bis biplane, setting a world altitude record of 17083 meters. This record is still the official world record for the highest flight of a piston plane.
1939 On August 27th, the world's first He- 178 jet powered by a turbojet made its first test flight. This plane was designed by German aircraft designer E Heinckel.
On July 1942 and 18, the world's first jet plane used in actual combat, the German Messerschmitt Me262A fighter-bomber made its first test flight. The plane is equipped with two turbojet engines, each with a thrust of 900 kg. 1On July 25th, 944, Me262A participated in the air combat for the first time and met the piston fighter of the British Air Force. This is the first battle of a turbojet fighter in the world. This plane belongs to EK262, which is the world's first combat flight unit of jet, and was established by Germany in June. Until the end of the war, Me262A had never met an allied jet fighter in air combat.
194365438+1October 13 Germany He-280-V 1 the twin-engine jet prototype broke down during the test flight, and the pilot ejected and parachuted. This is the world's first life-saving ejection from an airplane. The ejection seat of an airplane is driven by compressed air. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
1944101On October 23rd, the Japanese manned gliding bomb MXY-7 "Sakura" suicide bomb was successfully tested over Sagami Bay outside Yokosuga, a military port. The bomb looks like an airplane, with a wingspan of 5.0 1 m and a length of 6.05 m. A 1200 kg bomb was installed in the head, a cockpit was installed in the middle, and a solid rocket engine with a thrust of 800 kg was installed in the tail. The total weight of the whole bomb is 2 140 kg. When using the "Sakura" suicide bomber, first hang it under the fuselage of Mitsubishi G4M2e bomber and take off. When it flies dozens of kilometers away from the target (an American aircraft carrier or other large ships on the sea), the mother machine drops it to a height of 8,200m, the rocket engine on the human bomb ignites and works for a short time, so that the maximum speed of the human bomb reaches above 860km/h, and then the pilot controls it to glide down and hit the key parts of the enemy ship, causing an explosion. This cruel suicide bomb is actually a manned flying missile. Pilots are death squads selected from young Japanese pilots according to the spirit of Bushido. In the same year1October 25th 10, the suicide plane of Kamikaze Special Forces of the Japanese Navy launched a fierce attack on the American fleet for the first time. Navy pilots Guan Guannan, David and other five death squads, driving a zero-suicide plane loaded with 250 kilograms of powerful bombs, rushed to the US fleet in the naval battle of Leyte Bay, and even the plane hit an enemy ship, causing an explosion. The American escort aircraft carrier "San Lao" was sunk. In the same year165438+1October 12, the Japanese "Vandot Attack Team" using suicide planes dispatched four pilots, including Cao Changtian, to fly suicide planes and attacked the US fleet for the first time. On April 12, the following year, the Japanese cherry bomber sank an American warship destroyer "abir" near Okinawa for the first time.