(1) Overview

Alias red method, mountain thorn scouring method and spear head plate.

It is the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 And atractylodes rhizome (DC. )Koidz。 Atractylodes in Compositae. Dry dampness and strengthen spleen, and treat anorexia and dyspepsia. Cold-dampness vomiting and diarrhea, epigastric fullness, edema, retention of wet phlegm, night blindness, rickets, eczema. Atractylodes lancea is divided into Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes lancea. Atractylodes lancea, also known as Atractylodes lancea, is produced in Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Atractylodes macrocephala is produced in three northeastern provinces, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces.

(2) Plant characteristics

1. Atractylodes lancea

Perennial herb, 30 ~ 70 cm tall. The rhizome is thick and fat, book-shaped, with fine fibrous roots on the nodes, brown in appearance and fragrant, with reddish-brown oil spots on the cross section. The stems are erect, cylindrical and longitudinal, and the upper part is unbranched or slightly branched. Leaves alternate, basal leaves are stalked or sessile, and often fall off before flowering. The middle leaf is oval, about 4 cm long and 1 ~ 1.5 cm wide, with entire or 3-7 pinnately lobed edges with spiny serrations, dark green at the top, slightly white powder at the bottom, and the upper leaf is gradually smaller, undivided and without beans. Flowering in autumn, the flower heads are mostly solitary and terminal, with two layers of barbs as long as the inflorescence at the base and 6-8 layers of total bracts with cilia; Bisexual flowers, there are many unisexual flowers of different plants; Flowers are tubular and white; Bisexual corolla pinnate, slightly shorter than corolla; The female flower has five linear staminodes. Achenes are cylindrical and covered with yellow and white hairs.

2. China Atractylodes lancea

Almost the same as Atractylodes lancea, the main difference is that the leaves are usually sessile, wide, ovoid or narrow ovoid, generally pinnately 5-parted, and the upper leaves of the stem are 3-5 pinnately shallow or undivided; The flower head is slightly wider, and the total bracts are mostly 5-6 layers, which bloom in summer and autumn.

(3) Growth characteristics

Atractylodes lancea was born in the dry place on the hillside or in the grass, with strong vitality. Both barren hills and thin land are planted, and they like cool climate, and grow best on sandy soil with good drainage, low groundwater level, loose soil structure and rich humus. Avoid low-lying land, the roots are easy to mess.

(4) Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose humus loam or sandy soil with cool climate and good drainage, which can be used in sloping land, mountainous area and wasteland.

2. Breeding method

Atractylodes lancea is propagated by seeds and ramets.

(1) seed propagation

The germination rate of seeds is about 50%. Seedling should be raised in early April, and the bed should be turned in a sunny place before sowing. At the same time, base fertilizer should be applied, compost should be applied in the north and plant ash should be applied in the south. After fine harrowing, it is made into a border with a width of 100 cm and a length of 330-500 cm, and the seed quantity per hectare is 60-75 kg. When the seedling height is about 3.3 cm, the planting height can be about 10cm. The seedling raising period in the south is about one year, and planting begins in early March of the following year. Fixed land, usually wasteland, is plowed in the first winter, and then plowed again before planting, which can eliminate weeds and apply base fertilizer. It is easy to survive in rainy days or in the afternoon, and the distance between rows of beads is 23. 1 ~ 40 cm *.

(2) ramet propagation

In April of spring, dig out the roots of the old seedlings, shake off the soil, cut each seedling into several small buds with a knife, each small bud has 1 ~ 3 root buds, then plant it according to the seedling planting method, and weed directly at the seedling stage. After planting, intertillage, weeding, ridging (if the soil is not ridged, it is easy to stagger) and topdressing.

(5) harvesting and processing

Atractylodes lancea is mostly excavated in autumn and in spring and autumn, but the quality is better from autumn to spring before the seedlings are unearthed. Those planted artificially will be harvested in two years. When Atractylodes lancea was dug up, the soil was removed. The stubble, after drying in the sun, will be cut off by law, or after drying to 90%, it will be burned. After the North Atractylodes lancea is dug out, the stems and leaves or soil are removed. When the sun is 40% to 50% normal, the roots are put into the basket, and the fibrous roots are knocked out, that is, dark brown, and beaten for the second time until most of the old skins are knocked out. When the skins are completely dry, they are beaten for the third time until the skins are yellowish brown.

Alias Maoshu, Maoatractylodes lancea and Dome Art..

Atractylodes lancea

The source is the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。

The plant is a perennial herb with a height of 30~60cm. Stems erect or less branched in upper part. Leaves alternate, leathery, ovate-lanceolate or oval, with barbed teeth at the edge, and the upper leaves are mostly undivided and sessile; Lower leaves usually 3-lobed, stipitate or sessile. The head is terminal, with a pinnate involucre under it; The involucre is cylindrical and has 6~8 layers. Flowers are bisexual and unisexual, heterozygous; Bisexual flowers have long pinnate crests; Corolla white, slender and tubular. Achenes are covered with yellow and white hairs. Flowering period is August ~ 10, and fruiting period is September ~ 10. Born in slopes, bushes and grasses. Location: Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Anhui.

Collecting in spring and autumn, digging holes, removing sediment, drying in the sun and destroying fibrous roots.

Description: The rhizome is irregular, beaded or nodular, slightly curved and occasionally bifurcated, with a length of 3~ 10cm and a diameter of 0.5~2cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, transverse bends and fibrous root marks, and the top has stem pain. Solid texture, yellow-white or gray-white cross section, and most oil chambers are reddish brown. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.

The chemical composition contains volatile oil, which mainly contains atractyl, β-cineole, cineole, hydroxyatractylone and so on.

Sexual taste

Bitter, bitter and warm. Spleen and stomach meridian.

Function indication:

The taste is fragrant and dry, and it can dispel internal dampness and stagnation and external rheumatism, so it can dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, dispel wind and remove dampness. All pathogenic dampness is a disease, which can be applied to both exterior and interior. For example, Wei Ping powder can be used for damp blocking the spleen and stomach and vomiting and diarrhea due to cold and dampness. For arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness and exterior syndrome of rheumatism, Jiuwei Qianghuo Decoction can be used. After compatibility, it can also be used to treat heat arthralgia or damp-heat downward flow, such as Ermiao Powder. This product has the function of improving eyesight, and can be used to treat night blindness. It can be used alone or cooked with pig liver and sheep liver.

How to use:

Oral: 5- 10g. This product is pungent, warm and dry, and it is forbidden for those with yin deficiency and internal heat, qi deficiency and hyperhidrosis.

Chinese patent medicines: blueberry baohe pill Muxiang shunqi pill baohe pill Ermiao pill and Ermiao powder.

Medicinal Diet (Soup): Rhizoma Atractylodis Gan Yang Soup.

Note: The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala (DC). )Koidz。 Both belong to the same plant and are also used as medicine. job operation

First, clean the system to remove impurities and rinse it clean (Pharmacopoeia 85).

2. Cut, wash, fully wet, cut into thick slices and dry (Pharmacopoeia 85).

Thirdly, cell roasting.

1. Make bran into bran, sprinkle it in a hot pot, heat it until it smokes, add Atractylodes rhizome, stir fry quickly until the surface is dark yellow, take it out, sieve off the bran and let it cool. Atractylodes rhizome 100kg, bran 10kg (Pharmacopoeia 85).

fried dishes

(1) Stir-fry Rhizoma Atractylodis slices, put them in a pot, stir-fry them with slow fire until they are slightly yellow, and take them out and let them cool (Pharmacopoeia).

(2) Stir-fry Rhizoma Atractylodis slices, put them in a pot, fry them with fire sand, take them out, and sift out the ashes (Hubei). 3. Prepare Rhizoma Atractylodis slices, spray them with rice swill, put them in a pot and stir-fry them with slow fire until they are slightly yellow; Or wash Rhizoma Atractylodis, soak it in rice swill, take it out, put it in a steamer, steam it thoroughly, take it out and dry it (Pharmacopoeia 63).

4. To make soil, first stir-fry the stove with a hot pot, pour in the slices of Atractylodes lancea, stir-fry over medium fire until you smell the inherent fragrance of Atractylodes lancea, take it out, remove the soil and let it cool. Rhizoma Atractylodis slices each 500g, boiled soil 150g (Henan).

5. Prepare Rhizoma Atractylodis with salt, stir-fry with high fire until the epidermis turns black, add salt water, stir-fry and take it out. Atractylodes rhizome 1kg, salt 0.05kg, and appropriate amount of water (integrated).

6. Wash Rhizoma Atractylodis, heat it in a pot, stir-fry it evenly with an iron rake until it is dark brown, spray clear water in time, take it out, put it in a container, stir to dissipate heat, and let it cool after the smoke clears.

Modern research

1. The volatile oil content of Rhizoma Atractylodis soaked in rice bran is indeed lower than the original medicinal material, which proves that Li Shizhen's statement of "controlling its dryness" is correct to remove its oil. The volatile oil content of Atractylodes lancea fried with wheat bran does not decrease, but whether wheat bran itself has an effect on the properties of Atractylodes lancea remains to be further studied (Shenyang Pharmaceutical College, etc.). : Shenyang medical and health academic papers conference materials, 1959).

2. The effects of different processing methods on the volatile oil content of Atractylodes lancea were compared and studied. The results showed that the content of volatile oil in Rhizoma Atractylodis decreased after frying, bran frying and rice washing, among which bran frying and rice washing had the best degreasing effect, with degreasing rates of 39% and 47% respectively. The decoction pieces have good appearance quality and simple operation. It is suggested that these two methods be used in the processing of Atractylodes lancea in the future.

Atractylodes lancea-breeding and processing technology of medicinal animals and plants (including CD-ROM)

Author: Liu Dejun, edited by Lu Tao.

Publishing House: China Traditional Chinese Medicine Publishing House

ISBN:789999052 1

Impression: 1

Paper: Offset Paper Publication Date: 200 1- 1- 1

Word count: 107000

Version: 1

Pricing: 8.5 yuan

Analysis on the Market Trend of Atractylodes lancea

Atractylodes lancea, which has a changeable market, has recently moved faster and its price has risen slightly. Atractylodes lancea rose from early 8.5 yuan to present 8.8 yuan. The bright spot of Atractylodes lancea flashed again, attracting the attention of many businessmen. Whether the price in the market can continue to climb has become the focus of discussion among many businesses. In order to help colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry further understand the market trend of this product, the author read relevant materials and conducted a serious market survey, which is now sorted out for reference by colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry. Please forgive me for any shortcomings.

Atractylodes lancea is a wild variety, mainly produced in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Before SARS in 2003, the price had been low and the trend was flat, which was not concerned by the pharmaceutical industry. A sudden outbreak of SARS pushed the primary Atractylodes lancea to the front of the pharmaceutical market, and the price doubled, from 4 yuan at ordinary times to 8- 10 yuan, 15-20 yuan, 40-60 yuan, and at the highest time to 120 yuan. It moves very fast and is widely called a pearl in the pharmaceutical market by the pharmaceutical industry. After SARS, all kinds of non-Chinese herbal medicines rushed down in a hubbub, some of them stepped into the edge of the rotten market and moved very slowly, while Atractylodes lancea was different and extraordinary. Although the price has experienced ups and downs, it is still stable, and the price has risen steadily and slowly, from 4 yuan at the trough to 5 yuan, 6 yuan and 8 yuan until 12.8 yuan in February last year.

In the first half of 2006, influenced by many factors, the overall trend of the pharmaceutical market changed from fiery to stable, and most varieties with rising prices began to fall back, so the price of Atractylodes lancea began to fall again, and the lowest fell to around 6.3 yuan in June, which was the slowest period in recent years. Some operators are at a loss and are waiting. At present, the product has once again issued a bright spot, and the price has risen steadily, which has attracted the attention of many merchants, and some drug dealers have also actively started to get goods. "The rain is coming and the wind is full." The author believes that this is only a good beginning of the product market, and the five major factors will continue to promote the product market all the way.

First, the impact of SARS and high prices in recent two years has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of local farmers, and the intensity of mining has increased year by year. Years of blind and indiscriminate exploitation have led to the decrease of wild resources year by year, which has virtually laid the groundwork for the price increase of this product; Second, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is approaching, and the state has strengthened environmental protection and sandstorm control, especially the vegetation protection in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. The prohibition and embargo of wild species Atractylodes lancea will inevitably affect the future market volume of Atractylodes lancea, and the continuous reduction of market volume will inevitably drive the smooth progress of Atractylodes lancea and raise its price. Third, the increase in labor and freight further increased the cost of Atractylodes lancea. With the rapid development of China's economy, farmers are no longer the traditional farmers who rely on loess. Many farmers leave their homes to work in cities to earn money. Most of the remaining farmers start their own businesses at home, and the wages of the labor force are rising step by step. In the past day, they can use 10 yuan to find help. Nowadays, no one is willing to work for 30 yuan. The price of Atractylodes lancea directly affects the enthusiasm of farmers for mining. If the price of Atractylodes lancea does not rise, it will be difficult to mobilize farmers to mine. At the same time, affected by the rise in oil prices, the freight rate has also increased, which has invisibly increased the market cost of Atractylodes lancea. Fourth, in the second half of the year, the market highlights flashed frequently, and many people kept looking for varieties with certain potential to press goods or follow suit. Atractylodes lancea is a wild variety with few resources and market. The market is easier to grasp and control than ordinary varieties, and it is an ideal variety for large households. Now its popularity is getting stronger and stronger, and its price will change soon. Fifth, the use is broadened and the demand is increased.

Atractylodes lancea has a long medicinal history and was highly praised in historical medical works as early as 2000. According to relevant data, there are dozens of drugs developed by major domestic pharmaceutical factories, such as Sanmiao Pill, Chunyang Zhengqi Pill, Xiaoer Bai Shou Pill, Guogong Liquor, Qianlieshu Pill and Qufeng Jin Shu Pill. At the same time, it is also widely used in the compatibility of various prescriptions in clinic, and it is one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. With the continuous progress and innovation of science and technology in the medical field, modern medicine also found that the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains about 5%-9% of volatile oil, and the main components of oil are Atractylol, Curcumol, cineole and so on. It has a certain curative effect on liver cancer in clinic. With the improvement of people's living standards, aquaculture has also developed one after another. Atractylodes lancea can also be used as livestock feed and veterinary drug development. In recent years, the export volume of Atractylodes lancea has also increased year by year. It is one of the important Chinese herbal medicines that earn foreign exchange through export, and its consumption and export volume are increasing year by year.

Demand heating up

Atractylodes lancea is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea or Atractylodes lancea, a perennial herb in Compositae, which can be divided into three categories according to commodities: Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes macrocephala.

The medicinal history of Atractylodes lancea has been more than 2000 years. With the scientific and technological progress and innovation in the field of medicine, it is also found that the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains about 5% ~ 9% of volatile oil, and the components in the oil are Atractylodes lancea, cineole, etc., which has a certain curative effect on liver cancer in clinic. There are also drugs with Rhizoma Atractylodis as the main raw material in the market, such as Sanmiao Pill, Chunyang Zhengqi Pill, Xiaoer Bai Shou Pill and Guogong Liquor. In addition, with the development of aquaculture, Atractylodes lancea has also entered feed, veterinary drugs and other industries, becoming the main raw material of livestock feed and veterinary drugs, and the demand is increasing exponentially every year.

According to statistics, the demand of Atractylodes lancea increases by about 10% ~ 15% every year. In 2000 ~ 200 1 year, the demand was about 1000 tons, increased to about 4000 tons in 2005, and reached a new high of about 5000 tons in 2006 ~ 2007.

Artificial planting has broad prospects.

Because the wild output of Atractylodes lancea is decreasing year by year, the supply is in short supply. Therefore, the market gap of Atractylodes lancea is increasing year by year, and the market of Atractylodes lancea is rising. The retail price of 1988 ~ 1994 is only 2 ~ 3 yuan, and it soared to1/kloc-0 ~/20 yuan during the SARS in 2003. In 2004, under the general trend of the overall depression of the medicinal materials market, the market price of Atractylodes lancea not only did not decline, but rose steadily. The top grade of some producing areas also rose by 0.2 ~ 0.5 yuan, and the national average price rose to 6.5 ~ 7 yuan. From 2005 to 2007, the trend was firm for three consecutive years and continued to climb. Semi-collision leather products rose to 9 ~ 10 yuan, and leather products rose to 1 1 ~ 12 yuan.

Where will the market outlook of Atractylodes lancea go? According to the analysis of insiders, with the decrease of wild resources and the further expansion of uses of Atractylodes lancea, the market demand is increasing, and the shortage is difficult to alleviate in the short term. The trend of Atractylodes lancea will be in a good development trend in the next few years. Based on the above-mentioned many favorable factors, if the production area actively develops the artificial cultivation of Atractylodes lancea and moderately expands the planting area, the prospect is optimistic.