After the independence of Kyrgyzstan, earth-shaking changes have taken place in the work of geology and mineral resources. Since the early 1990s, the budget allocated by the state for geological exploration has been greatly reduced, and the national geological department only carries out regional and thematic geological surveys, while the mineral survey and exploration work relies on private investment, mainly foreign capital. Mining enterprises are in serious trouble, the sales market is shrinking or completely lost, products are not profitable, raw materials are in short supply or completely cut off. Under the background of economic crisis, the output of coal, oil, natural gas and non-metallic minerals has been declining.
Under the careful construction of the Kyrgyz government, Kyrgyzstan's mining investment environment is relatively good among the five Central Asian countries. At present, dozens of foreign exploration and mining companies are working in Kyrgyzstan. Since 2004, the investment in geological exploration has also started to increase rapidly (впзубков, 2007).
Kyrgyzstan is rich in mineral resources, and several minerals are commendable at least in Central Asia. There are more coal and uranium resources in energy minerals, and more nonferrous metals, rare earths and precious metals in metal minerals, among which gold, mercury, antimony, rare earth metals, molybdenum, tin and tungsten are all export minerals. In 2008, the mine output of gold was 17.3 tons, far lower than that of Uzbekistan (73.2 tons), but close to that of Kazakhstan (20.9 tons), ranking third in Central Asia. In 2005, the output of antimony ore was 800 tons, ranking seventh in the world. In 2008, the output dropped to 480 tons, and the output of Guatemala, Australia and Thailand jumped, ranking tenth (World Bureau of Metals Statistics, 2009).
During the Soviet period, Kyrgyzstan was an important raw material base for some minerals in the Soviet Union. Its mineral products accounted for 100% of the total mineral products in the Soviet Union, with mercury accounting for 64%, rare earth metal products accounting for 80%, monocrystalline silicon accounting for 25% and uranium accounting for 15%. At that time, five mining groups were operating: Machmar Gold Mine, Dulcan Mercury Mine, Zhai Antimony Mine in Kadam, Kara Baltin Uranium Mine and Kyrgyz Mining and Metallurgy Complex (including Akqiuzi Mine and orlov Chemical Metallurgy Plant which produce rare earth elements).
At present, the mining industry is still the priority sector of Kyrgyzstan's economy. Mining accounts for 65,438+00.2% of its gross national product and 48.4% of its total industrial output value. In 2005, mining tax revenue accounted for11%of the total national tax revenue (впзубков, 2007).
The State Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Kyrgyzstan is the management organization responsible for the development and protection of geological and mineral resources throughout the country. Its main functions are: (1) to be responsible for the deployment and management of national geological work (including basic geological survey and geological exploration); (2) Responsible for the rational development and protection of mineral resources; (3) Responsible for the issuance and management of mineral exploration licenses and mining licenses.
The Bureau has 44 staff members, including the Geology Department, the Production Department and the Mine Management Department. It has seven geological units under its jurisdiction: southern geological team, northern geological team, hydrogeological team, geophysical and geochemical exploration team, comprehensive geological research institute, logistics service brigade and geological equipment factory. The southern geological team and the northern geological team are the two most important backbone geological exploration units, which are responsible for the basic geological survey and general survey in the south and the north respectively, with the Fergana fault as the boundary. The two teams have geological technicians 130 ~ 140. The Institute of Comprehensive Geology is a unit engaged in basic geological science research in China, which consists of geological map comprehensive compilation group, petroleum geological group, nonmetallic geological group of building materials, comprehensive research group of geophysical and geochemical exploration, geological data digitization group, international cooperative mapping group, isotope dating room, reference room and geological museum (Gao Peng, 2006).