Another year of graduation season, the parents of a junior high school student in Beichen District are worried about their children's future: "My children can't go to high school, they can only go to secondary vocational schools. What can they do in the future? " His worry reflects the psychology of parents of some students who can't go to high school. "If you can't go to high school, you are a loser. If you don't have a high degree in the future, you will be inferior. " There are also some parents who think: "There are so many college graduates in 985, 2 1 1. What can those who go to vocational schools do in the future? "
This concept puzzles vocational school students and their parents. At present, there are still some unfavorable factors and obstacles for vocational school students in employment, further education, settlement, civil service examination and career establishment. This year, the People's Republic of China (PRC) Vocational Education Law, which has been in force for 26 years, was revised and will be implemented on May 1. The revised Vocational Education Law clarifies that vocational education and general education have the same status, and an "overpass" has been built between vocational education and general education. Vocational school students can also enter ordinary colleges and universities through examinations and obtain undergraduate degrees. Establish undergraduate vocational schools, set up undergraduate vocational education majors in ordinary colleges and universities, and set up undergraduate vocational education majors in specialized vocational schools. In terms of employment, the employer shall not set conditions that hinder the equal employment and fair competition of vocational school graduates. Organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises should make clear the requirements of technical skills when recruiting and employing technical skills, and regard the level of technical skills as an important condition for recruitment and employment. In the open recruitment of public institutions, positions with vocational skill level requirements can be appropriately reduced.
These regulations give vocational school students hope and confidence in their future development. For parents who are still worried about their children's future, it is necessary to change the old concept that "children are losers when they go to vocational schools" and actively support their children's studies. Vocational school students can also create a bright future through hard work.
"Conquer" colleagues' practical ability is very strong
Sun Haoyu (pseudonym), 45, is the workshop director of a machinery manufacturing enterprise in Binhai New Area. Recently, due to the increase in production capacity, it is necessary to recruit a group of employees. After posting the recruitment information online, the company soon received a large number of resumes. According to preliminary statistics, more than 80% of the applicants have college education or above, most of them have undergraduate education, and there are even doctoral and master students.
And Sun Haoyu himself, only received secondary vocational education. In the early 1990s, Sun Haoyu was admitted to a mechanical secondary vocational school in the rural capital of a central province, with the best results in the county. "The best students at that time were admitted to secondary vocational schools, followed by secondary normal schools, and other students were admitted to ordinary high schools." Sun Hao said the rain.
After studying mechanical major in provincial secondary vocational colleges for three years, some mechanical manufacturing enterprises originally in the same school stepped into development difficulties, and Sun Haoyu had to make a living in southern cities. In the next few years, with the expansion of university enrollment, middle school students flocked to enter the college entrance examination track. Excellent students no longer give priority to secondary vocational schools and normal schools, but compete to apply for ordinary high schools.
This change makes a group of students who have applied for secondary vocational schools very frustrated. They believe that they used to be the best students in junior high school. However, only a few years after graduating from secondary vocational schools, they have become ordinary high school students and their junior college and undergraduate degrees.
Sun Haoyu has been hit by the job market. 1997 or so, graduated from secondary vocational school and went to work in an automobile company in a southern city. A few years later, with the graduation of the first batch of college students with expanded enrollment, the entry requirements for new positions became junior college. Sun Haoyu, who only received secondary vocational education, gradually became a low-educated person in the workshop, which once made him very depressed.
Fortunately, because of his excellent practical ability, he kept his position. But even so, he is still in a weak position as a secondary vocational student in the competition of workshop directors, fixed posts and fixed salaries. Sun Haoyu once wanted to improve his education, but he couldn't pass the college entrance examination, so he had to take self-study exams and correspondence courses. Moreover, he needs to study culture again, and his academic qualifications are different from those obtained by college students' unified recruitment, so his social recognition is low. Coupled with having a family, the heavy responsibility of raising children made him afraid to resign. Since then, he has worked in the workshop of this automobile company for more than five years, and has been earning a lower income in the same position.
With the progress of production technology, CNC lathes are becoming more and more popular in manufacturing enterprises. Sun Haoyu taught himself programming, CAD, UG and other software, and mastered the NC machining technology. At this time, he can not only engage in mechanical processing, but also engage in the processing of new materials such as plastics, which broadens his employment.
Later, Sun Haoyu went to a number of toy companies for employment. Around 2009, he moved to Tianjin for development. Although his academic qualifications were not improved, he quickly found a job with a skill certificate and rich operational experience. This manufacturing city has given many vocational school graduates opportunities, and the shadow of vocational school students is active in the production lines of many enterprises. At their weekend party, they called each other "Sun Gong" and "Gong Li", which was quite cordial.
From 2065438 to 2006, Sun Haoyu worked in an auto parts company, which recruited a large number of undergraduate graduates. However, although these graduates have strong theoretical ability, their practical ability is weak. When these new colleagues learned that Sun Haoyu only had secondary vocational education, they deliberately alienated and despised him in their practical work. This is an obvious academic discrimination, which also makes Sun Haoyu feel helpless.
But with his rich practical ability, he once stunned the arrogant undergraduates on CNC lathes. His work efficiency is very high, the error rate is almost zero, and his excellent performance quickly "conquered" his colleagues. Colleagues also voted him as the workshop director.
From the south to the north, Sun Haoyu has worked in many enterprises in 10. In his view, Tianjin, which is dominated by manufacturing, has a higher recognition of skilled talents than many other cities. In some cities in the south, he encountered obvious academic discrimination when competing for employment. Even when he took out his technician certificate, the other party still didn't trust him and refused to provide him with a job opportunity. This experience made Sun Haoyu very sad. At the class reunion, he and his classmates lamented: "If we hadn't taken the secondary vocational examination at that time, we would have taken the road of ordinary students, and we are also undergraduate graduates."
Most afraid of parents giving up first.
What are the students in vocational schools most worried about? A classmate said helplessly: "I have confidence in my hands-on operation ability." It is absolutely no problem to find a job after graduation and gain a foothold in society. " However, it happened that my parents were biased against me going to a technical school, thinking that no matter how hard I tried, I would not make a difference and was doomed to failure. "
A vocational school graduate in wuqing district met such parents. Yang He (a pseudonym), 24, has been active since childhood and likes to disassemble all kinds of mechanical and electric toys. Such personality and interest give priority to the development of his practical ability, while his language, logic, calculation and other abilities are slightly lagging behind. In terms of academic performance, his main subjects such as Chinese, foreign languages and mathematics have been unsatisfactory.
His parents often criticize him because his grades are below average in the class. While he was concentrating on disassembling toys, his father said, "Do you want to be a worker in the future? We hope that you can learn Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages and other major disciplines well, and become the managers and elites of famous universities in the future. "
Father's words suddenly made Yang He lose interest in continuing to operate. The grades of Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages and other subjects cannot be improved in a short time. After two or three years of catching up, Yang He has only reached the middle level. In high school, Yang He's performance in culture class did not meet his parents' expectations. His parents were very anxious about this and enrolled him in many extracurricular training courses, but the results of counseling were not satisfactory.
Yang He, who is interested in machinery and electronics, quietly plans his future. During a holiday in high school, he quietly took a bus to Jinnan Haihe Education Park to observe and understand some vocational colleges in Tianjin. He is looking forward to being admitted to vocational colleges in the future, giving full play to his practical ability and growing into a technician.
After his father knew his idea, he didn't support it, but asked, "Why don't you go to a famous university?" What's the point of going to those vocational colleges? I suggest you continue to work hard and try to get into college. "
Father's words hit Yang He again. When he signed up for the college entrance examination, he enrolled in a vocational college in the south and decided to leave his hometown to find and master his own life. His parents were shocked by his decision, but they stopped him.
Yang He's parents haven't visited him in a vocational school in a southern city for three years. As soon as he talked about becoming a technician and engineer in the future, his father, who is an employee of a public institution, replied with contempt: "No matter how well you do, you are also a part-time job."
Yang He had sought the support of his mother. Mother said that she and Yang He's father were both graduates of famous universities, but the child Yang He didn't inherit his parents' learning talent. In their view, children can become managers and mental workers when they go to college, thus gaining social recognition. But if you study in a vocational school, you will become a managed person and a manual worker in the future, and your life is doomed to failure.
Yang He once asked his parents, "There are thousands of ways to go to Qian Qian, not just to go to college. There are more than 10 million graduates of higher vocational and secondary vocational schools in China every year. Are they all losers who rely on their skills to gain a foothold in society? "
At school, Yang He learned that many students in the school are pessimistic and disappointed about the future because of the influence of social concepts. Many parents don't support their children to go to vocational schools. Even some parents deliberately deny students living expenses and tuition fees, and students are tired of learning, playing truant or even dropping out of school. This happens all the time.
After graduation, Yang He quickly found a job in the city where the school was located and became a skilled department manager. Later, he was transferred abroad to study and communicate. During his work, he also got a bachelor's degree through the self-study exam. His parents respect him especially and recognize his choices and efforts.
A teacher of Dongli Vocational Education Center said that when he went to teach in western provinces, he found that students in local vocational schools had many psychological problems. On the one hand, students feel deeply guilty for failing in the senior high school entrance examination; On the other hand, I am confused about my future life. Even if their major is their interest, there are still some students who give up on themselves under the influence of society and parents' ideas. "If their parents give up first, don't agree with their children's choices, and don't give their children financial and spiritual support for their studies, then their children will also give up their struggles and efforts." The teacher revealed.
Vocational school students can counterattack.
Some vocational school students' reactions, whether in institutions or social enterprises, are not friendly to vocational school students at present. Take the national civil service examination in 2020 as an example, there are only 7 17 positions open to junior college students, accounting for only 3% of the total number. In some local colleges and universities, although the practical operation ability of candidates is more needed, the application condition is still limited to "education: bachelor degree or above".
Social enterprises are more harsh on vocational school students. According to the data of Blue Book of Employment Report of China Vocational College Students, in 2020, 6 1% of vocational college students will work in small and medium-sized enterprises with less than 300 employees. Moreover, most of them are mobile posts such as customer service specialists, construction technicians, shop assistants, sales and service personnel, real estate agents, catering waiters and workshop operators.
Another problem that puzzles vocational school students is the difficulty in obtaining academic qualifications. Although in theory, children in vocational schools can enter the university through single recruitment and spring college entrance examination. At present, there are very few places open to vocational school students in undergraduate colleges. According to statistics, only 5% of vocational high school students in China can be admitted to undergraduate courses, most other children can only go to junior college through "3+2" or five-year compulsory education, and some vocational school students can only improve their academic qualifications through self-study and correspondence, but these academic qualifications are not recognized by some units.
Wang, an outstanding mechanical manufacturing graduate from a vocational college in Tianjin, won the first prize in the national vocational skills competition and was admitted to a well-known enterprise when he graduated. However, he temporarily refused the employment of this enterprise and chose to study in another undergraduate college, hoping to get a bachelor's degree and re-employment. "In this way, I will not be discriminated against by academic qualifications when I come to work in the unit, and my treatment will be improved."
Such an environment needs to be changed. The newly revised "Vocational Education Law" requires that secondary vocational education should be regarded as the basic education of the training system for applied talents, with emphasis on training students with solid technical skills and qualified cultural foundation for higher vocational education. It is clearly stipulated that higher vocational schools and ordinary colleges and universities that implement vocational education should determine the corresponding proportion in the enrollment plan or take separate examinations to recruit vocational school graduates.
In addition, promoting vocational undergraduate education is one of the priorities of the Ministry of Education in 2022. The Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Modern Vocational Education in 2023 requires that by 2025, the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education should be no less than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education. That is to say, by 2025, 10% of students studying in vocational schools can directly obtain undergraduate degrees when they graduate. They don't have to waste more time upgrading from university to undergraduate, 3+2 and so on. Statistics show that since the Ministry of Education started the pilot program of vocational education at the undergraduate level, there are 32 vocational schools at the undergraduate level in China, with 129300 students.
These measures have built an "overpass" between vocational education and general education, so that vocational school students have both ability foundation and channels for academic certification and promotion when they graduate. If I have the will, I can also switch from vocational education to general education, get a higher degree and enter a new competitive track. For those students who have temporarily failed in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination, going to vocational school is not a gloomy future. As long as they find their own life orientation and work hard in the later stage, they can also create a better future.
A vocational school teacher said that the social recognition of vocational school students depends on the proportion of physical industry (manufacturing industry) and virtual industry in the economic and industrial structure. When a city develops its economy with a "pragmatic" attitude, it will inevitably provide rich soil for the cultivation of vocational school students and skilled talents. From this perspective, Tianjin, as a manufacturing city, should and will get more support from parents, enterprises and social participants in developing vocational education and cultivating skilled talents. Education teacher Li Jisen
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