Li Dazhao: In the face of torture, "I know nothing"
Li Dazhao, 1889 10, 10 was born in Laoting County, Hebei Province on October 29th. 19 13 After graduating from Tianjin Beiyang College of Law and Politics, he entered the political undergraduate course of Waseda University in Tokyo. 19 16 years after returning to China, he worked as a librarian and professor of economics in Peking University, actively participated in the emerging new culture movement and became a member of it.
Due to the rising revolutionary situation, Li Dazhao's reputation is growing day by day. Beiyang warlords wanted and arrested him many times. 1at the end of March, 926, Li Dazhao and others accepted the suggestion of Soviet comrades and moved the leading organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Beijing into the old Russian barracks in the west courtyard of the Soviet Embassy in Dongjiaominxiang.
1one day in September, 926, the police of the reconnaissance department of Shi Jing Police Department captured Li Bohai, an underground party member in the Communist Party of China (CPC), who was distributing leaflets on the street. Li Bohai defected to the enemy and gave up the information of Li Dazhao hiding in the Russian Embassy in Dongjiaominxiang and other party member lists.
1on the night of April 5, 927, the director of the detective department of the police station secretly made a plan with the police to arrest Li Dazhao according to Zhang's secret order.
In the early morning of April 6, a large number of military police rushed to the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang. Li Dazhao was working at his desk in the back room when the gunfire rang. After a while, there were messy footsteps outside the house, and a group of policemen and gendarmes rushed in with their workmate Yan Zhenshan. An undercover agent pointed to Li Dazhao and asked Yan Zhenshan, "Who is he? Do you know him? "
Yan Zhenshan shook his head: "I don't know."
Wu Yuwen stepped forward and sneered, "You don't know? I know you. He is Li Dazhao! "
The military police forcibly arrested more than 30 people including Li Dazhao, Lu Youyu and Tan Zuyao, and also took away Li Dazhao's wife Zhao Renlan and Li Dazhao's two daughters.
On the afternoon of his arrest, Li Dazhao was interrogated. In prison, Li Dazhao was not stubborn, but took a circuitous way of struggle. Regarding the question about the Kuomintang, Li Dazhao told the truth about the establishment of the Kuomintang party headquarters in the whole country, but the area controlled by the direct warlords at that time was limited to the north. Even if Zhang knew about the establishment and general organization of the Kuomintang party headquarters in the south, he was helpless. Li Dazhao answered the question about Zhang and other Kuomintang-controlled areas with a short "unclear". And all the important Kuomintang officials he mentioned have left Beijing for the south, which is beyond the reach of Feng warlords and lineals.
Li Dazhao didn't mention anything about * * * in his "confession". From the reports at that time, we can almost know that Li Dazhao was the leader of * * *. He frankly admitted his political stance of opposing the current government and supporting the interests of peasants and workers, but firmly denied the specific tasks planned by the North District Committee of the Communist Party of China, such as "uniting with Russia and opposing service" and centralizing society. He introduced the nature and tasks of the Communist Youth League of China, but denied the organization of the meeting group and the details of the organization.
△ Li Dazhao took a photo with the Constitutional Speech Club.
At that time, the newspaper also reported that Li Dazhao was "very refreshed and calm when he was tried, and he was a believer in Marxist theory, so he joined * * *, saying that he knew nothing about all other behaviors and was under strict supervision".
On the 6th day after Li Dazhao's imprisonment, that is, in the early morning of April 1927, China began a sudden crackdown, and Shanghai began to bleed, which flooded the spring in China 1927. Taiwanese historians have unabashedly concluded: "The results of the Beijing government's search of the Russian Embassy further encouraged the Kuomintang's determination to clear the Party in Nanjing." Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Zhang: "Execute the arrested party member immediately to avoid future trouble."
1927 In the early morning of April 28th 1 1, the special court suddenly sentenced 20 revolutionaries, including Li Dazhao, to death despite strong opposition from people from all walks of life and public opinion. At 6: 438 p.m., Li Dazhao and other 20 people were taken in six prison wagons and escorted by armed soldiers to a huge gallows at Shi Jing Detention Center in Xijiaomin Lane.
At this time, Li Dazhao, dressed in a cotton robe, calmly left the last photo in front of the enemy's camera and calmly watched the noose swaying in the wind. The first one boarded the gallows and the first one died peacefully. At that time, he was not yet 38 years old.
Fan Hong Jie: "The bravest warrior"
Fan Hongshui, 1897, was born in a worker's family in Sun Yicheng County, Hubei Province (now Gedian Town, Ezhou City) and received a good education since childhood. 1965438+In August 2008, he was admitted to Peking University College of Literature.
1920 In March, with the support of Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, Deng Zhongxia, Luo He established the Institute of Marxist Theory in Peking University. This is the earliest revolutionary group in China, "aiming at studying works about Marxists".
165438+1At the end of October, Beijing * * * Group held a meeting and decided to establish China * * * Beijing Branch. Li Dazhao was promoted to secretary. 1921July, China was formally established. The Party organization of Peking University is also the first branch of China. Fan Hongcong is an active member of this branch.
1922 August,,, initiated the establishment of a grand alliance in Beijing, with the aim of forming an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal United front with the Kuomintang, other social organizations and patriots. Then, in the name of Beijing African-American People's Rights Movement League, a notice was published in the newspaper, declaring that "all brothers and sisters who are interested in the civil rights movement are welcome". On the afternoon of August 24th, the inaugural meeting was held in the auditorium of Peking University Third Hospital, attended by more than 400 people. Fan Hongcong participated in and organized this congress, which promoted the development of the civil rights movement in the north.
1924 after the establishment of the United front of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Fan Hongcong joined the Kuomintang in his personal capacity and became an activist in rebuilding the Kuomintang Party Department in Beijing Special City. He seriously engaged in the re-registration of the old party member of the Kuomintang, made every effort to develop the new party member of the Kuomintang, and vigorously publicized Dr. Sun Yat-sen's three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and helping the peasants and workers. 1925 65438+ February, accompanied Sun Yat-sen to Beijing. Fan Hongcong and Zhao Shiyan were invited to jointly plan the national conference promotion meeting, and Fan Hongcong readily agreed. 1 In March, the second national congress of the National Conference Promotion Association was held in Beijing, which promoted the vigorous development of the national revolutionary movement.
At the beginning of 1926, the people of the whole country launched a struggle against Japanese imperialism and warlord Zhang. The Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China, in conjunction with the left wing of the Kuomintang, organized and led many national demonstrations. 1 At the beginning, Fan Hongcong published the article "Rise and Fall with the Evil Japanese Imperialism". He first pointed out that the May 30th tragedy was caused by the Japanese's cruel treatment of China compatriots in Shanghai and Qingdao. Then, it exposed the crime of collusion between Japanese imperialism and Fengzhi warlord Zhang, and called on the broad masses of people to rise up and overthrow the evil Japanese imperialism and unite revolutionary forces to drive out demons!
/kloc-in March of 0/4, an anti-Japanese conference attended by 300,000 people was held in Beijing. 17, representatives of schools and organizations held an emergency meeting in Beijing and decided to hold a national congress in front of Tiananmen Square on 18. After the meeting, they were divided into two groups and petitioned in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Council respectively. Li Dazhao led more than 65.438 million people, including Zhao Shiyan, the State Council, to meet Duan and Jia Deyao (Prime Minister). The guards were not allowed to go in and stabbed many people with bayonets, which further aroused the anger of the masses.
On March 8, 2008, more than 200 organizations including Beijing Federation of Trade Unions and more than 65,438+people gathered in Tiananmen Square to hold anti-imperialist demonstrations. Li Dazhao is one of the presidents of the conference. In his speech, he called on everyone to resist imperialist aggression and warlords and traitors with the spirit and blood of the May 4th Movement, and organized a petition group of more than 2,000 people. Fan Hongshui is also one of the * * * of the petition group. When the petition group led by Li Dazhao and Fan Hongjun walked to the gate of the East Courtyard where the government was in power, it was suddenly attacked by reactionary military police, and once there was blood everywhere. 47 people were killed and more than 200 people, including Li Dazhao and Fan Hongjun, were injured.
After the March 18th tragedy, Beijing was in a state of white terror. The Beiyang warlord government ordered the police chief to "strictly investigate and arrest" Li Dazhao, Fan and others.
On April 6th, more than 60 revolutionary volunteers and revolutionary masses, including Fan Hongjun and Li Dazhao, were arrested.
After Fan Hongcong went to prison, he stood firm in the face of the enemy's torture. On April 28th, the executioner strangled 20 people including Li Dazhao and Fan Hongshi.
After Fan Hongshui and others died heroically, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper Guide Weekly published a mourning article, praising Li Dazhao and others as "the bravest fighters" and will "remember them" for the people of China.
△ Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Li Dazhao
Zhang Yilan: The only woman on the gallows.
△ Zhang Yilan
1On the afternoon of April 28th, 927, one of the 20 martyrs who died with Li Dazhao was brutally strangled by the enemy. She is Zhang Yilan, Minister of Women's Department of Kuomintang Party Department in Beijing.
Zhang Yilan,1spring of 893, was born in Xixiang, Liling County, Hunan Province. Zhang Yilan's childhood and adolescence were the decline and fall of the Qing Dynasty. Like most women in China, she groaned at the bottom of feudal oppression.
On the eve of the May 4th Movement, influenced by the new trend, Zhang Yilan's desire to explore knowledge was stimulated. Soon he was admitted to a private cram school in Beijing, 1924 graduated from Peking University Preparatory School and was promoted to Peking University Education Department.
The victory of October Revolution accelerated the process of China Revolution and promoted the great transformation of Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of democratic revolution. With the help of China and the Comintern, Sun Yat-sen reorganized the China Kuomintang. After the "First National Congress" of the Kuomintang, our party strengthened the United front work. With the help of Li Dazhao, the head of the northern area of our Party, the Beijing Executive Department of the Kuomintang of China and the Party Department of Beijing Special City were established in March 1924 at No.8 Cui Hua Hutong, Beijing. The executive committees of these two organizations are composed of members of the Kuomintang and communist party. In fact, they are cooperative organizations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party under the leadership of China.
After the1926 "318" tragedy, Beijing was shrouded in white terror. The leading organs of the Northern Party Committee headed by Li Dazhao went underground. In April, the Party Department of Beijing Special City was reorganized again, and Zhang Yilan was elected as an executive member. In order to further develop the women's movement, the Kuomintang Party Department of Beijing Special City decided to establish a women's publication Friends of Women and a vocational school, Jinyun Girls' School, as the positions of the women's movement in Beijing. 1September, 926, Zhang Yilan was the editor-in-chief.
Friends of Women was founded in September 1926, until Li Dazhao and Zhang were arrested in April/927, and Jinyun Girls' School closed down and was forced to stop publishing, with a total of 12 issues. Through the garden of Friends of Women, women who groan, struggle and endure pain in the dark are aroused, so that they can awaken from silence, unite, use collective strength in an organized and leading way, break through all darkness and March towards a bright future.
1in the spring of 927, with the victory of the Northern Expedition, the National Revolutionary Army has been fighting all the way to the Yangtze River valley, beating the immediate warlords out of the water. Imperialism and its lackeys foresaw the coming of the end, so they used Chiang Kai-shek's strength to intensify the collusion between the old and new warlords and prepared to jointly stifle the China Revolution. In the south, Chiang Kai-shek plotted to launch a large-scale counter-revolutionary coup. In Beijing, Zhang, a Feng warlord entrenched in Beijing and Tianjin, echoed Chiang Kai-shek's north and south and stepped up the practice of white terror. After Zhang Yu 1926 entered Beijing in late February, he joined forces with the direct warlords and decided to kill * * *.
In order to completely annihilate the revolutionary forces in Beijing, the warlord Zhang and the Beiyang warlord government adopted despicable means such as stalking, sending spies into the mainland and buying traitors to investigate and collect the leading organs of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the north and their revolutionary activities. Knowing that Chiang Kai-shek was about to betray the revolution and openly oppose the Communist Party, Zhang ordered the mobilization of a large number of plainclothes detectives and armed police in early April to conduct an unprecedented manhunt in Beijing. First, he secretly arrested revolutionaries scattered around the country. This is how Zhang Yilan fell into the clutches.
After the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup, Chiang Kai-shek quickly telegraphed Zhang that party member, who was arrested, should be executed immediately to avoid future trouble. On the morning of April 28th, at 10, the enemy's so-called special court suddenly opened and sentenced 20 revolutionaries, including Li Dazhao and Zhang Yilan, to death, which was immediately executed. In the afternoon, they were transferred to Shi Jing Detention Center in Jiao Min Lane, Xi, and secretly hanged inhumanely. Zhang Yilan was the only woman among the 20 martyrs and the last one to be punished.
About how she bravely walked to the execution ground at that time, Beijing Shuntian Times recorded on April 29 1927: ... The third car was taken by female prisoners Zhang Yilan and Deng. When getting off the bus, Zhang Yilan's face lit up and her head held high ... What we saw was a hero who was fearless in times of crisis. ..... so firm and decisive, a pair of bright eyes, full of hatred and contempt for the enemy, showing infinite confidence in the victory of the revolution.