About the author: Zhang (1270- 1329), Han nationality, born in Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong Province), was a famous politician and writer in Yuan Dynasty. He was born in Yuan Shizu in the 7th year of Zhiyuan (A.D. 1270) and died in the 2nd year of Yuan Wenzong (A.D. 1329).
Writing background: Zhang Qingguan loves the people as a son. In the second year of Tian Li (1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, he was appointed as a relief worker in Shaanxi province. After living in seclusion, he decided not to set foot in his official career, but when he heard that he had been recalled to help the hungry people in Shaanxi, he resolutely resigned regardless of his age. During his life in the Western Qin Dynasty, he witnessed the profound disasters of the people, was filled with emotion and indignation, squandered all his wealth, tried his best to provide disaster relief, and finally died of overwork. After his death, "Guanzhong people mourned for their parents" (Biography of Yuan Zhang). "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" was written on the way to Guanzhong on the phone. Zhang Chuan of the Yuan Dynasty said: "In the past two years, there was a great drought in Guanzhong, and the hungry people ate each other. In particular, Zhang was invited to visit Shaanxi Taiwan. Get in the car and take the road. If you are hungry, you will be liberated, and the dead will be buried. " Zhang wrote this poem "herding sheep on a hillside" during the drought in Guanzhong.
2. Original text
Shanpo Sheep-Tongguan Nostalgia
Zhang
The mountains are like clusters,
Waves are like anger,
Tongguan road, mountains and rivers inside and outside.
Look west,
I hesitated.
Sorrow during the Qin and Han Dynasties,
Ten thousand rooms in Quegong have been buried.
Xing, the people suffer;
Death, people suffer!
Step 3 take notes
(1) Mountain Sheep: The name of Qupai is the format of this Sanqu; "Tongguan Nostalgia" is the title.
⑵ Clusters of peaks: describe clusters of peaks and mountains. Gather: gather; besiege
⑶ The waves are like anger: describe the waves of the Yellow River. Anger: refers to rough waves.
(4) The sentence of "mountains and rivers": There are mountains outside and rivers inside, which describe the dangerous terrain in Tongguan area. Specifically, there is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. Inside and out: inside and out. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong twenty-eight years": "The mountains and rivers outside will be harmless." Note: "Shanxi is a river outside and a mountain inside." Tongguan: the name of the ancient pass, in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province today, Guancheng is built on the mountainside of Huashan Mountain, next to the Yellow River, which is very dangerous for Qin, Jin and Henan provinces. Ancient times was the gateway of Shaanxi, and all previous dynasties were important military places.
5] West Capital: refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). This refers to the capital city built near Chang 'an since Qin and Han Dynasties. The Qin and Western Han Dynasties set Chang 'an as their capital, and the Eastern Han Dynasty set Luoyang as its capital, so Luoyang was called the eastern capital and Chang 'an was the western capital.
[6] Hesitation: Hesitation, vacillation and concentration. The ups and downs of the ideological trend described here are deeply lost in thought, indicating that the heart is not calm. One is "chí chú".
(7) "Sad" sentence: it refers to witnessing the remains of Qin and Han Dynasties, and the old palace is in ruins, and my heart is sad. Sadness: a sad thing, with adjectives as verbs. Qin and Han Dynasties: Xianyang, Qin Dou (22 1 ~ 206 BC), and Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty (208~8 BC), all located in the west of Tongguan, Shaanxi. Where you passed. Refers to the ruins of the ancient capital of Qin and Han dynasties. Palace que: palace, palace; Que, the scenery of buildings on both sides of the palace gate.
(8) Xing: refers to the stable rule of political power. Rise and fall: refers to the rise and fall of dynasties.
Vernacular translation
The peaks (of Huashan) gather from all directions, and the waves (of the Yellow River) are furious. There is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside. The mountains and rivers are magnificent and the terrain is dangerous. Looking into the ancient capital Chang 'an, I was lost in thought. Passing through the ruins of the palaces of Qin and Han Dynasties has caused infinite sadness, and thousands of palaces have already turned into dust. Once prosperous, the people suffered; Once destroyed, people are still suffering.