Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important.
? The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a conventional format. [Edit this paragraph] What are the types and uses of practical writing?
(a) according to different purposes, can be divided into two categories:
One is used by administrative organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to handle official business;
One kind is used by individuals or groups to handle private affairs.
(2) According to the nature, it can be divided into the following three categories: general practical writing, which some people think should include the following categories: letters, notices, meeting minutes, reading notes, instructions, etc.
Official document practical writing is a file practical writing published in the name of the party and state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. Such as: notice, circular, reply, instruction, decision, order, request for instructions, official letter, etc. This kind of practical writing is often solemn and suitable for specific occasions.
Transactional practical writing is an applied style to deal with daily affairs, which generally includes invitations, investigation reports, rules and regulations and various evaluations. In order to arrange the style of this book uniformly, and according to the characteristics of various daily application scripts, the daily application scripts are divided into the following categories.
(3) The main purposes of these practical writing are:
? 1. Send information
? Processing transaction
? Communicate feelings
? 4. What are the characteristics of the application used as a voucher [edit this paragraph]?
1. Extensive?
Step 2 be practical
3. Procedural
The most basic feature of practical writing is "use". Writing for use and writing only when it is useful is the biggest difference between practical writing and other articles. [Edit this paragraph] Interpretation of common practical writing
Briefly describe the characteristics of commentary.
1, meaning: reflect the essential characteristics of things; Explain what readers need to know; According to a certain writing purpose, determine the focus and main points of the explanation content.
2. Extensibility: when explaining objective things, make necessary supplements and extensions in content, including knowledge extension and rational extension.
3. Clarity: clear and accurate wording and clear organization.
How to reflect the interest of scientific sketch?
1, the topic is lively and innovative;
2. Enhance the interest by means of literary expressions (such as metaphor and personification);
3. Weave scientific knowledge into short stories with plots to inspire readers to imagine and accept scientific knowledge.
Briefly describe the writing requirements of official documents
1, which conforms to the fixed format of official documents;
2, the content should be thorough and accurate, reflect the principles and policies of the party and the state, and seek truth from facts;
3. The language should be accurate, decent and concise, such as common official documents, using specific suffixes and using standardized written language.
Briefly describe the classification, format and writing requirements of the briefing.
According to the content classification, there are work briefing, special briefing and conference briefing.
The briefing area consists of several parts: title, comment, title, text and conclusion.
Briefing writing should do the following:
True, the content is true and accurate;
New, novel and typical materials;
Quick, prompt and timely response;
Jane, be brief.
Writing requirements of short essays
1, choose a good topic: pay attention to the problems that people pay attention to in reality as the object of comment.
2. See the big from the small: the selection of materials should take one side of things as a breakthrough, reveal the universal and profound meaning of things through analysis and excavation, and reflect the essence.
3. Analysis and generalization: through analysis, the internal and external relations of things are revealed; Through comprehensive generalization, we can see the essence through the phenomenon and the general through the individual.
4. Vivid and concise language: while refining accurately, we should pay attention to the popularity and vividness of language, and we can interweave logical argument with image expression.
How to understand the requirement of seeking truth from facts in literary criticism?
Seeking truth from facts in literary criticism is mainly reflected in:
Advantages are good, disadvantages are bad, not based on personal likes and dislikes; Proceed from the actual work, grasp the general trend of the work, and don't take it out of context and be divorced from the specific situation of the work; We should consider the functions and characteristics of different styles.
In writing, we should not only conform to the general law of literature and art, but also highlight the unique personality of the critic.
Summarize the writing points of reportage
1. Discover the typical and capture the image: grasp the theme with great practical significance, refine the theme with the spirit of the times, and form a general image.
2. True representation and reasonable imagination: Reportage is the unity of news truth and artistic representation, opposing fiction but allowing imagination. Abstract into a concrete image, and can vividly reproduce the life materials that can not be actually contacted after the passage of time.
3, eclectic, diverse techniques: able to use a variety of expressions, good at absorbing the artistic expertise of other literary styles.
4, that is, the matter is discussed, and the truth is complementary: good at combining vivid descriptions with lyrical or philosophical arguments. On the basis of image description, discussion can deepen the theme and enhance the image.
Characteristics and writing requirements of speech draft
1. The biggest feature of speech is that it is directly applied to oral expression, colloquial and conforms to written grammatical norms.
2. The language of the speech should be easy to understand, memorable, logical and enlightening.
3. Logical requirements: the language is concise and convincing;
4. Inspirational requirements: vivid language and emotional impulse.
5. Writing requirements: have an audience in mind;
6. Pay attention to the blending of reason, material and emotion;
7. Language should be popular and vivid;
8. Pay attention to structural skills.
Writing requirements of investigation report
1, in-depth investigation, full possession of materials;
2. Seriously study and scientifically analyze materials;
3. Determine the theme and carefully select materials: realize the unity of viewpoints and materials, and express the theme through typical examples, exact materials and comparative methods;
4, comprehensive layout, reasonable arrangement of materials. The structure of this paper includes three parts: the beginning, the main body and the end.
5, accurate use of language, the language should be concise and accurate, you can appropriately quote lively popular language, you can also use visual language, but the visualization of language is based on the principle of not damaging the authenticity or practicality of the content.
The content, components and concrete structure of the abstract
The structure of the summary, according to the content needs, generally includes three parts:
1, basic situation review;
2. Achievements, experiences, understandings and practices;
3. Existing problems and future plans and efforts.
There are three specific ways to summarize the structure: article type, subtitle type and full-text type.
Outline the basic requirements of interpretation
1, the content should be scientific: accurately reveal the characteristics, essence and regularity of objective things;
2. Expression should be clear and accurate: expression should be clear and coherent, and language should be concise and accurate;
3, the attitude should be objective: explain things realistically, not taking the author's subjective likes and dislikes as the standard of explanation.
Requirements of argumentation and methods of refutation
The requirements of the demonstration are:
Choose meaningful topics; Establish correct and profound arguments;
The argument should be conclusive, sufficient and convincing;
To conduct logical argumentation means to use accurate concepts, make appropriate judgments, conduct logical reasoning, and reveal the logical relationship between arguments.
The methods of refuting arguments include refuting arguments, refuting arguments and refuting arguments. Refuting evidence and refuting arguments are both for refuting arguments.
Summarize the basic requirements of language use
Language should be accurate, concise, vivid and simple.
Language accuracy means that words should be used accurately and names should conform to grammatical rules and logic;
Conciseness of language can be achieved by using accurate words, concise naming, implicit language and appropriate words in classical Chinese.
The vividness of language is reflected in the vivid meaning and description of words, the expression of the narrator's tone, the variety of names and the proper use of various rhetorical devices.
Concise language refers to unpretentious, simple and unpretentious, natural and unpretentious, fresh and ethereal norms.
Explain the methods and steps used.
The methods used mainly include:
Bona is widely used and abundant materials are reserved;
Look for opportunities and create a good thinking environment;
Tap the potential and use a variety of ways of thinking.
The application steps, after the theme is refined and determined, are mainly: carefully set the clues running through the whole paper, select materials and layout around the clues.
What are the aspects of revising the article?
1, hammering the theme: check whether the theme is correct and profound, and consider how to deepen the content;
2. Add or delete materials: unify materials and opinions;
3. High-speed structure: See whether the overall layout is reasonable, whether the regional connections are tight and proper, and strive to have a clear main line, clear layers, symmetrical structure and echo from beginning to end.
4. Examine the language to check whether the words are accurate and appropriate, delete redundant words, and add words at high speed.
Briefly describe the characteristics and types of narrative style.
Features:
Description is the main performance;
To introduce knowledge as the main task;
Explain things objectively.
According to the characteristics of the description object or content, it can be divided into two categories: the description of physical things and the description of abstract things.
It is said that the writing characteristics of plain text can be divided into two categories: pure scientific interpretation and scientific liberal arts interpretation.
Principles of selecting topics for academic papers
1. Have a clear purpose and choose topics that are closely related to reality and have practical effects;
2. Choose a topic with academic value, which is groundbreaking, extensible or comprehensive;
3. The topic should be moderate in difficulty. [Edit this paragraph] Practical writing format ① Title: top case, and some can also add certain qualifiers and modifiers, such as dear.
Greetings: such as "Hello" and "How are you recently". A separate paragraph, not directly connected to the following. Otherwise, it violates the requirement of single meaning and becomes a polysemous paragraph.
3 text. This is the main body of the letter, which can be written into several paragraphs.
4 greetings. Take the most common "greetings" and "salutes" as examples. "Zhi Zhi" can be written in two correct positions: first, immediately after the text, without starting another paragraph and punctuation; The second is to write two spaces under the text. "Salute" is written on the next line of "From here". An exclamation point should be added after it to show the sincerity and strength of congratulations.
The title and capitalization in the second half of the greeting are a kind of respect for the recipient. It is a continuation of the tradition of "looking up" in ancient letters. Ancient letters were written vertically, including the name or address of the other party. In order to show respect, no matter where you write it, you should mention the other person's name or address to the next line. Its basic practice has been absorbed by modern letters.
⑤ Name and date. The writer's name is written on the right one or two lines below the greeting. It is best to write down the relationship with the recipient before the name of the writer, such as son, father, your friend, etc. Write the date on the next line.
First, the relationship and difference between practical writing and other styles.
What is the relationship between practical writing and narrative writing, argumentative writing and expository writing? They are not tied or subordinate, but belong to two different stylistic classification systems.
Narrative, argumentative and expository are the classification systems of expression styles that focus on expression skills and functions.
Practical writing is an independent classification system, which mainly focuses on the social practical function of the article. Practical writing, narrative writing, argumentative writing and expository writing are interrelated, permeated and overlapped with each other.
Such as memoirs, diaries, local chronicles, memorabilia, genealogy, resumes, epitaphs, etc. The text in application belongs to the category of narrative. Instructions, comments, explanations, reference books, textbooks, book abstracts, registration forms, statistical tables, lists, certificates, advertisements, abstracts, teaching plans, etc. The text in application belongs to the scope of explanatory text. Speech, announcement, motto, motto, family training, etc. In practical writing, it belongs to the argumentative type.
Practical writing has its own independent genre classification system, and all genres with certain practical functions can be classified as practical writing. Some people also try to classify all styles from a practical point of view. With the classification of narrative, argumentative and expository, it belongs to two different classification angles and positions. Therefore, a specific style can sometimes be a practical writing, or a narrative, argumentative and explanatory writing. This is a very normal thing.
Second, practical writing should conform to the established format requirements.
Regarding the writing of practical writing, we should pay great attention to what people call "established" format requirements. This writing norm is not a strict legal form, but a common understanding and agreement reached by countless predecessors in writing practice, which can also be said to be the convergence and consensus of aesthetic taste. It can be seen that "convention" is not a legal norm, but it must contain many reasonable factors in writing norms, which we should inherit and keep, and should not destroy and modify at will, so as not to affect the specific communicative function of practical writing. Being good at using the "established" format of practical writing is also a concrete embodiment of one's Chinese literacy and level.
For example, as far as letters are concerned, don't think that their writing is simple. I have written for more than ten years, but I still have mistakes. In fact, it can be said that very few people can really write the correct letter format in a standardized way. Some people don't think so. If the letter is not in the right format, it will still be received, and the meaning is understandable. But it doesn't know that the language literacy it embodies is very different. Just like eating, some people grab food with dirty hands and stuff it into their mouths, while others eat with high-end tableware. The rudeness and elegance of their style are unparalleled.
Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important. ? (a) the type and use of practical writing? According to different uses, practical writing can be divided into two categories: one is used by administrative organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to handle official business, and the other is used by individuals or groups to handle private affairs. The main purpose of these practical writing is: 1. Send messages? 2. Deal with business? 3. exchange feelings? 4. Used as a voucher? 2) What are the characteristics of practical writing? 1. Written for something, is the content true? The most basic feature of practical writing is "use". Writing for use and writing only when it is useful is the biggest difference between practical writing and other articles. ? 2. The object is clear and must be seen? 3. Appropriate language and simple words? 4. timeliness and timeliness? 5. Fixed format and standardized writing?
What is practical writing? What are the characteristics of practical writing? Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important. The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a common format.
There is no uniform and strict definition of the concept of "practical writing" in academic circles, and it is impossible to have such a definition. Different scholars and books often have different induction and generalization. Learners can grasp its essential characteristics from the following aspects:
1. The purpose of writing is clear.
Practical writing serves a specific purpose, so its writing motivation and purpose are very clear.
2. Language expression norms
Practical writing is mainly based on standardized modern Chinese, and some archaic words are appropriately used. The language of the article is solemn, concise and rigorous, which is in sharp contrast with literary works.
3. The format is stable
Most practical articles have formed a stable general format and style, which reflects their standardization and seriousness. Authors must abide by the requirements of format and style when drafting articles.
The time factor is clear.
Generally, the business it targets exists in a certain period of time, so the time elements such as execution time, validity period and written date are very clear.
To sum up, practical writing can be defined as: practical writing is the general name of various styles with direct practical value, standardized format and concise language used by various enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals in their work, study, daily life and other social activities to deal with various public and private affairs, transmit and exchange information and solve practical problems.
What is practical writing? What is a common file? Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. It is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important. The so-called practical writing is an article written by people to deal with practical things in life, study and work, which has practical characteristics and forms a common format.
Types and uses of practical writing
(a) according to different purposes, can be divided into two categories:
One is used by administrative organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to handle official business; One kind is used by individuals or groups to handle private affairs.
(two) according to the different nature, can be divided into the following three categories:
General practical writing, some people think that it should include the following types: letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, introduction letter, open letter, certification letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), notices, meeting minutes, reading notes, explanations, notices, etc. Official document practical writing is a file practical writing published in the name of the party and state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. Such as: notice, circular, reply, instruction, decision, order, request for instructions, official letter, etc. This kind of practical writing is often solemn and suitable for specific occasions. Transactional practical writing is an applied style to deal with daily affairs, which generally includes invitations, investigation reports, rules and regulations and various evaluations. In order to arrange the style of this book uniformly, and according to the characteristics of various daily application scripts, the daily application scripts are divided into the following categories.
(3) The main purposes of these practical writing are:
1. Pass the message 2. Work 3. Exchange feelings 4. Used as a certificate.
Common documents, also known as common files. A large category of modern literature, as opposed to specialized literature. Refers to the official documents that pass through state organs, social organizations, enterprises and institutions. It has the functions of understanding the law, issuing orders, issuing statements, handling affairs, publicizing, communicating and taking notes.
catalogue
General documents, main languages, laws and administrative regulations
Command, instruction
Instructions, instructions, approvals and notices
Report, ask for instructions and sign newspapers
Notices, circulars, bulletins and announcements
Notices, letters, telegrams
Plan and summarize
Records and meeting minutes
The name of a general document reflects the main words, laws and administrative regulations of a general document.
Command, instruction
Instructions, instructions, approvals and notices
Report, ask for instructions and sign newspapers
Notices, circulars, bulletins and announcements
Notices, letters, telegrams
Plan and summarize
Records and meeting minutes
Reflections on the file names of ordinary documents
Start editing the main language of this common document.
Laws and administrative regulations
Laws are documents formulated or recognized by state power organs in accordance with legislative procedures, such as constitution, administrative law, civil law, criminal law, marriage law, economic law and procedural law. Administrative regulations are legal normative documents formulated or promulgated by state administrative organs, including resolutions, decisions, articles of association, regulations, provisions and measures. Resolutions are formed by discussion and adoption at meetings to deal with some major issues or events; Decision-making refers to the principles, policies, regulations or measures formulated for a major task; Articles of association are rules about the nature, tasks, institutional setup and activities of an organization; Regulations, rules and measures are specific norms for a certain job or an activity.
Command, instruction
Orders, also referred to as orders, are mandatory, leading and mandatory documents issued by state power organs, administrative organs and military organs. It is mainly used to promulgate laws and regulations, stipulate major administrative measures, mobilize and direct wars, appoint and dismiss staff, reward and punish staff, and pardon relevant personnel. It is divided into announcement order, appointment and dismissal order, commendation order, pardon order and general administrative order. Instruction is a file of measures and requirements issued by state administrative organs in the fields of economy, scientific research and so on, which is a combination of guidance and stipulation.
Instructions, instructions, approvals and notices
Instructions are guiding documents for higher authorities to arrange and guide lower authorities, and to clarify the principles, steps and methods of work activities. Instructions are documents that the higher authorities put forward indicative opinions on the issues mentioned in the letters of the lower authorities. Reply is a document used by higher authorities to reply to requests from lower authorities. Circular is a document used to promote experience, praise good deeds, criticize mistakes and convey important information, which is divided into praise circular, criticism circular and situation circular. The higher authorities can report to the lower authorities, and an organ can report to its internal organs or personnel.
Report, ask for instructions and sign newspapers
A report is a document that a subordinate organ reports its work to a superior organ or reports the results of handling matters assigned by the superior organ. It can be divided into comprehensive report and special report. Asking for instructions is a document that a lower-level organ requests a higher-level organ to give instructions, review and approval on a certain work problem. The countersignature report is a document written and signed by the person in charge of an organ or department to ask for instructions and report the work matters to the person in charge at a higher level.
Notices, circulars, bulletins and announcements
Belonging to public archives, it can be posted, played and published. State organs announce policies, decrees and major events to the masses, prohibit acts that harm the public interests of the state and society, announce other matters that need to be known and observed by the masses, and use notices. Organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions shall announce matters that should be observed or need to be known to the public by announcement. State organs announce major events at home and abroad in the form of announcements or bulletins, the contents of which are relatively brief and specific.
Notices, letters, telegrams
It is a file name widely used by organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions, and is not restricted by superiors, subordinates and peers. The notice is used to convey the instructions of the higher authorities, tell the lower authorities what to do or need to know, approve the official documents of the lower authorities, forward the official documents of the higher authorities, organs at the same level and non-affiliated organs, and notify the time, place and content of the meeting. Letters are used to discuss work, ask questions and answer questions among organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions. Telegraph is a way of transmitting documents by radio signal, which can be divided into plain telegram, cipher telegram and fax telegram. Telegrams are used to issue operational orders, report emergencies, issue emergency notices and negotiate urgent matters, as well as courtesy telegrams such as congratulatory messages, condolences and telegrams.
Plan and summarize
It is a document used internally by organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions, and can also be reported or issued as an outgoing document when necessary. Plan is a predictive document, such as work plan, production plan, cadre training plan, etc., to achieve a certain goal and complete a certain task. Summary is a document that systematically reviews, analyzes and summarizes the completed work and finds out the lessons.
Records and meeting minutes
It is a file used by organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to record notes. Records are used to record meeting speeches, * * speeches or work activities, and are divided into meeting records, telephone records, duty records, memorabilia, etc. Minute, also known as meeting minutes, is a document that summarizes the basic situation, spirit, main contents and decisions of the meeting on the basis of meeting minutes after finishing and processing. Records are documents used internally by organs or units, and meeting minutes are outgoing documents.
Edit the reflection of the common document file name in this paragraph.
The file names of commonly used documents reflect the different uses, requirements and functions of files, and reflect the affiliation, scope of authority and writing relationship of organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions. The accurate use of file names according to the normal writing relationship is helpful for organs or units to carry out normal functional activities and management and improve work efficiency and quality.
What is practical writing? Functional practical writing refers to resumes, investigation reports, internship reports, ideological reports, work summaries, job-seeking speeches, contract samples, application forms, etc., which are often used in daily life or work. According to different types, it has different specific functions.
Generally speaking, practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice. Its function is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings, and some practical articles are also used as evidence and basis.
With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important.
2. What are the five elements of practical writing? End of time, place and character * * *
Narration: time, place, characters, plot
Description: Description object, description language and description method.
Argument: argument, argument, argument, logic
Prose: scattered in form and scattered in spirit.