(Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 0300 12)
In recent years, the contradiction between mineral resources and economic growth has become increasingly prominent. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to this. General Secretary Hu Jintao stressed at this year's Central Symposium on Population, Resources and Environment that it is necessary to effectively strengthen the public geological survey and continuously improve the quality of results and service level. Intensify the exploration and development of important mineral resources and increase the continuous resources. Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out in the "Government Work Report" that speeding up the exploration and development of important resources such as oil, alleviating the current contradiction between supply and demand of energy and important raw materials, and maintaining stable and rapid economic development are important tasks for this year's work. On April 2 ~ 3 this year, Minister of Land and Resources Sun Wensheng visited Shanxi. When talking about geological work, he clearly pointed out that the geological prospecting team should not stay in the circle of planned economy, but must firmly follow the road of market economy. By deepening the reform, we will vigorously promote the fundamental transformation of geological work, establish and improve a dynamic new system and mechanism of geological work that is compatible with the socialist market economic system, and form a new pattern of public welfare geological work as the guide, commercial geological work as the main body, mutual promotion and virtuous cycle of public welfare and commercial geological work. These important instructions reveal the urgency of ensuring the supply of mineral resources and point out the direction for how to further strengthen geological work in the new period.
After the founding of New China, the geological work has made brilliant achievements that attract worldwide attention. However, with the sustained and rapid economic and social development, China's proven mineral resources reserves have become increasingly unable to meet the needs. At present, China is in a new historical stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Economic development needs sufficient mineral resources as a guarantee, but the contradiction between supply and demand of energy minerals is very prominent, and the reserves of important strategic mineral resources such as oil, iron, copper and potassium salt are seriously insufficient. Facing the new situation, geological work must take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide, carefully analyze the existing problems, study the solutions to the problems, gradually establish a new mechanism for geological exploration, and strive to improve the ability to guarantee mineral resources.
First, the problems faced by the current geological exploration work
Since the promulgation and implementation of 1998 "three methods", the contradictions in the field of geological exploration have been prominent, mainly in five aspects.
(1) With the reform of the economic system, the contradiction between the decreasing state investment in geological exploration and the increasing demand for resources due to the rapid economic development.
(2) The contradiction between the decrease of new reserves of mineral resources and the increase of consumption of retained reserves year by year.
(3) With the improvement of the mining situation and investment environment, social funds have been invested in the contradiction between the mining field and the relative shortage of mineral resources.
(4) Under the condition of market economy, the market-oriented allocation mechanism of mineral resources has been formed, but there is still a contradiction of "dual track system" in resource allocation, which makes state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in an unequal competitive position.
(5) After the localization and enterprise of the geological prospecting team, the national geological prospecting expenses are relatively small, which leads to the contradiction that the geological prospecting team has to rely on this part of the expenses for survival and reproduction.
First, the supply of mineral resources seriously restricts the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In particular, the shortage of important mineral resources, such as oil and gas, coal and so on, has led to the soaring price of mineral resources, and the high return on investment in mineral resources has also attracted a large number of social funds to invest in the mining field. Second, due to the reform of geological exploration system, the old system was broken, the new system was not established, and the public welfare and commercial geological work were not completely separated. For example, the provincial geological prospecting institutes are all managed by the provincial geological prospecting bureau. After finding valuable prospecting clues in public welfare geological exploration, the local geological exploration bureau immediately conducted subsequent commercial exploration and development instead of disclosing the exploration results to the public and serving the society, resulting in the situation that public welfare work is not public welfare and commercial mineral exploration is not active. Third, the phenomenon of free allocation, cheap occupation and use of mineral resources still exists, resulting in a lot of destruction and waste of resources in mining development.
Second, establish a new mechanism for exploration and mining rights.
In view of the problems existing in the current geological exploration work, we have actively explored the geological exploration management of mineral resources in Shanxi Province and made the following reforms.
(a) to further deepen and strengthen the management of mining rights, improve the management of mining rights laws and regulations.
On the basis of full investigation, combined with the actual situation of mineral resources management in Shanxi Province, the Interim Provisions on the Public Transfer of Mining Rights in Shanxi Province (OrderNo. 164 of Shanxi Provincial People's Government) and the Implementation Rules for the Transfer of Mining Rights by Bidding, Auction and Listing in Shanxi Province (for Trial Implementation) were promulgated, so as to fully implement the paid use system of mining rights and establish a unified, competitive, open and orderly mining rights market. In order to solve the problem of accepting the application for coal exploration right, implement resource capitalization management, reform the evaluation method of coal exploration right, and raise the evaluation price of coal exploration right, measures such as Provisions of Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources on Evaluation of Coal Mining Right, Confirmation of Results and Payment of Price (for Trial Implementation) were issued, and the Measures for the Administration of Transferring the Price of Exploration and Mining Right to State-owned Capital were strictly implemented. In principle, the price of mining rights shall not be transferred to state-owned capital, and efforts shall be made to create a level playing field for local governments and treat all kinds of mining enterprises equally.
(two) the full implementation of paid public transfer of mining rights, to achieve the preservation and appreciation of resources and assets.
The Interim Provisions on the Public Transfer of Mining Rights in Shanxi Province clearly stipulates that in the future, except for the approval of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the provincial government, other newly set mining rights will no longer be subject to administrative examination and approval, and all will be publicly transferred; In the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Bidding, Auction and Listing of Mining Rights in Shanxi Province, the public transfer system of mining rights is further refined. At present, except for coal minerals, the newly set mining rights and exploration rights of other minerals in our province have all been publicly sold, and the administrative examination and approval of coal mining rights has been stopped. Five cases of coal mining rights to be sold publicly in the first half of 2004 have been reported to the provincial government, and will be officially implemented after the approval of the provincial government. By the end of July, 2005, 68 cases of exploration right were publicly sold in our province, with a transaction price of180.26 million yuan (divided by the way of sale, 33 cases were auctioned, with a transaction price of158.58 million yuan; 34 cases were listed, and the transfer price was 6.5438+0909 million yuan; Agreement transfer 1 piece, transfer price is 2.58 million yuan. In terms of provinces and cities, the provincial-level public transfer 1 1 case, the transfer price is 94.62 million yuan; There were 57 municipal transactions with a transfer price of 85.64 million yuan). 1 349 mining right transfer, the transfer price is 3.7610.2 million yuan (divided by the transfer method, including auction 4 1, the transfer price is 320.74 million yuan; Bid 4, the transfer price is 6,543,800 yuan+0,800 yuan; 1304 case was listed, and the transfer price was 54.3 million yuan. According to the issuing authority, the Provincial Department of Land and Resources Management transferred 60 cases with a transfer price of 322.3 million yuan; Municipal transfer 1273 cases, with a transfer price of 53.36 million yuan; County-level transaction 16 boxes, transfer price of 460,000 yuan).
(three) the use of mining rights transfer price, the establishment of a new mechanism for mining rights exploration.
On June 27th, 2005, the 52nd executive meeting of Shanxi Provincial People's Government deliberated, and the new exploration right mechanism of mining right price in Shanxi Province was formally adopted. The details are as follows.
1. The investment direction and exploration focus of the mining right price exploration project are clarified.
(1) Strengthen the basic and public welfare geological exploration to serve the whole society and provide mineral information for further geological work.
(2) Actively carry out the exploration of urgently needed minerals in our province, such as coal, bauxite, iron, polymetallic ore and dolomite (for magnesium smelting), concentrate funds, ensure investment, strive for a breakthrough in prospecting and expand resource reserves.
(3) Continue to strengthen the exploration and development of secondary resources in crisis mines such as Zhongtiaoshan copper mine area, explore the border to find out the base number, extend the service life of mines and develop new vitality of old mines.
(4) Strengthen geological exploration in poverty-stricken areas and promote the formation of new industrial economic growth points.
2. The specific operation mode of mining right price exploration project is stipulated.
(1) In principle, basic and public geological survey projects should be publicly invited to determine the construction unit. However, according to the preliminary geological exploration work of geological exploration units, the exploration units can be determined by bidding.
(2) For strategic and commercial mining right price exploration projects, we should give full play to the technical advantages of state-owned geological prospecting units in mastering the preliminary geological data, and adopt the methods of geological prospecting units to declare projects, experts to demonstrate and optimize projects, professionals to review exploration construction plans, determine the amount of exploration funds, and entrust geological prospecting units to declare projects and organize construction after being approved by the provincial government.
(3) According to the spirit of Notice of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Geological Exploration Team (No.76 [2003] of Guo Ban Fa), the investment in the early stage of geological exploration must be evaluated and confirmed before the investment in mining rights can continue exploration.
(4) The geological exploration results formed by the exploration project of mining right price shall be sold by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources in public (bidding, auction and listing) to accelerate the transformation of geological exploration results into real productive forces.
(5) Mining right price exploration project, the prospecting right is Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources.
3. Start the income distribution mechanism of mining right price exploration project.
The mining right income realized after the public transfer of the mining right price exploration project should first repay the national exploration investment, ensure the rolling development of mining right price, and make the country have sufficient exploration funds. The premium part is divided into provinces, cities, counties and geological prospecting units at 6:2: 1: 1, and other minerals are divided into 4:2:2:2.
Third, the significance of the new mechanism of mining right price exploration
(a) to solve the problem of insufficient investment in national geological exploration.
At present, with the reduction of investment in national geological exploration, the new mechanism of mining right price exploration makes full use of the transfer price of mining right (about 6,543.8 billion yuan per year), which makes up for the shortage of investment in national geological exploration and quickly changes the passive situation of mineral exploration, especially in the exploration of coal and bauxite resources, which can immediately alleviate the tight supply of mineral resources.
(2) mobilizing the enthusiasm of governments at all levels and geological prospecting units for prospecting.
A new mechanism of mining right price and exploration right has been established, and a rolling development mechanism of exploration funds has been established. The provincial government uses the transfer price of mining rights to establish an exploration fund for geological exploration. If no mineral land with economic value is found, it will be written off after approval by the provincial government, and the investment risk will be borne by the provincial government. After finding valuable mineral deposits, the government will organize public transfer, and the transfer price will first repay the previous geological exploration investment, effectively supplementing the accumulation of geological exploration funds. The net income from the transfer price of mining rights shall be reasonably distributed among investors, geological prospecting units and governments where resources are located. The net income divided by the contributing government is included in the category of geological exploration fund, which ensures the rolling development of geological exploration fund and promotes the formation of a virtuous circle of mining right price exploration mechanism. This has aroused the exploration enthusiasm of governments at all levels, especially geological prospecting units, and injected new vitality into geological exploration in the new period.
(3) Strengthen basic and public geological exploration and reduce the investment risk of commercial mineral exploration.
Due to the reduction of national investment in geological exploration, basic and public welfare geological exploration activities have rarely been carried out since the 1990s. After the implementation of the western development strategy, the state began to attach importance to basic and public welfare geological exploration. However, due to the limitation of funds, the basic and public geological exploration work in our province has basically not been carried out. In addition, with the increase of mining development intensity, the target area for further commercial mineral exploration is decreasing, and the investment risk of commercial geological exploration is increasing. After establishing a new mining right exploration mechanism, our province pays attention to the coordinated development of public welfare geological work and commercial geological work. In recent years, the exploration projects of mining right price mainly focus on public welfare geological exploration, and mainly carry out regional basic geological survey, regional mineral geological survey, regional hydrogeological survey, regional geophysical survey and geochemical survey, providing basic data for the next geological exploration. At the same time, some commercial geological exploration projects are also arranged to change the tight situation of resource supply and alleviate the pressure of resource supply in a short time.
(4) Accelerating the transformation of geological exploration achievements into real productive forces.
Registration of exploration rights in provincial land and resources management departments is beneficial to the government's control of exploration rights operation. Once a breakthrough is made in geological exploration and mineral resources that can be further explored or developed are found, the provincial land and resources management department can immediately organize the public transfer of exploration rights. This not only reduces the investment risk of competitors, but also can quickly transform geological exploration results into practical productivity and ensure the stable development of the national economy.
(5) Improve the ability of mineral resources to ensure the development of the national economy.
In order to improve the ability to guarantee mineral resources, the new prospecting mechanism of mining right price is based on public geological exploration, aiming at minerals (such as coal, iron, aluminum and polymetallic minerals) that are in urgent need of exploration in our province, focusing on solving the reserve resources of crisis mines, and striving to achieve new breakthroughs in strategic mineral exploration. Seize the favorable opportunity to implement the national energy security strategy, strengthen the research and investigation of coalbed methane and coal resources in our province, broaden the energy supply channels and promote the adjustment of energy structure. Keep up with the pace of western development, further shorten the front of solid mineral exploration, concentrate on strengthening the resource potential investigation of key areas and minerals and the exploration of large and super-large deposits, and provide resource guarantee for the establishment of a new energy and heavy chemical industry base in our province.
Brief introduction of the author
[1] Li Jiangong, deputy director of Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources, is a senior engineer.
[2] Pan Jungang, senior engineer of Shanxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources.