& gt？ Troubled times often bring tragedy to life, but they also often bring writers the source of creation. The life and literary creation of Bao Zhao, a great litterateur in the Southern Dynasties and a native of Lianshui, Huai 'an, are proof of this statement. China before Bao Zhao was born? It is said that there was a state of Wei in the Three Kingdoms, and there was a general named Si Mazhao in the state of Wei. Si Mazhao's heart is well known. Obviously, he usurped Wei in Cao Shi. Sure enough, his son Sima Yan finally usurped the throne and established the Jin Dynasty, which Emperor Wu of Jin called the Western Jin Dynasty with its capital in Luoyang. ? In the late Western Jin Dynasty, the Eight Kings Rebellion happened. Liu Bao, the son of Xiongnu Zuo, was in Bingzhou (now Shanxi). At that time, General Jianwei of the State of Jin and Liu Yuan, the five governors, were pushed to be a great Khan by the Xiongnu ministries, and he became independent Hanwang in Zuoguocheng (now Lishi County, Shanxi Province), and later called himself emperor, with the title of Han. After his death, his son Liu Cong succeeded to the throne, led the army into Luoyang, captured Sima Chi of Di Chin alive, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished. Liu Congxian humiliated Jin Huaidi in every way, and then poisoned him. Liu Cong's rule did not last long. Since then, the northern part of China has started the regime change of five ethnic minorities and sixteen countries, which is called "Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries" in history. At this time, the southern part of China was the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was a Han regime established by Si Marui, the imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty, in Jiankang (now Nanjing) after the death of Emperor Huai. A junior officer, Emperor Wu of Song, gradually became an official, a general on horseback and a Chinese and foreign military attache in the turmoil. In 420, he forced Sima, the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to abdicate and established the Song State. Thus began the Southern Dynasties. At this time, in the north, the expansion of Xianbei nationality ended the chaos of "Five Hus and Sixteen Countries", established the Northern Wei Dynasty and unified the north. From then on, China began the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which lasted for 169 years until the Northern Sui Dynasty destroyed the Southern Chen. The Ownership of Huai 'an and the Birth of Bao Zhao? After the Qin Dynasty unified the whole country, Huai 'an's counties and cities were Huaiyin (now Matou Town, Huaiyin District), Xuyi (now North of Xuyi County) and Dongyang (now Maba County, Xuyi County), which belonged to Donghai County. During the Western Han Dynasty, Huaipu (now in the west of Lianshui County), Sheyang (now in the southeast of Chuzhou District and Shanyang County in the east) and Fuling (now in the middle of Hongze Lake) were added. From the last year of the Three Kingdoms (262) to the Western Jin Dynasty, Huaiyin County was the seat of Guangling County. At this time, Guangling County governs Huaiyin County, Sheyang County (Shanyang County), Guangling County, Du Yan County, Jiangdu County, gaoyou county County and Huaipu County. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Huai 'an was at the forefront of war and confrontation for a long time. In the seventh year of Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty (489), Huaiyin Town 100 households were located in Huai 'an County, and the name "Huai 'an" was first seen. At this time, in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (472), Xuzhou moved to the magistrate (now Haizhou District, Lianyungang City) and administered Donghai County, Tong, Xiapi, Houqiu and Qucheng, which were equivalent to the western part of Xinpu District, Haizhou District, the southern part of Ganyu County, Shuyang County, Xinyi County and Qucheng County. In such an era of turmoil and changing administrative regions, Bao Zhao was born. 4/Kloc-Born in 0/4, he was still from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the age of six, he became a man of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. His fate changed in the changeable years, with tragedies and magnificent poems. "History of the South" Volume XIII: "Bao Zhao, Ming Yuan, from the East China Sea. "Donghai County, mostly in today's Lianyungang, is called Baozhao from the east of Lianyungang, and it is also called Baozhao from Cangshan South of Shandong Province because of Donghai County. However, the Records of Jiangsu Province and Literature called him a native of Jiangsu, "because it is no problem for him to spend his youth in Zhenjiang". Huai 'an people often regard it as a person from the East China Sea (now Lianshui County). ? Immortal achievement? Bao Zhao's literary achievements are great, but his life experiences are short, mainly in Heather, Zi Tongzhi Jian and local chronicles. After some collection, the author summarizes as follows: Born in poverty, engaged in farming. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, which were characterized by strict doors, it was difficult to study and be an official, not to mention the civilians, that is, the children of lower-level officials. This shows that it was difficult for Bao Zhao to achieve anything at that time. But he insisted on reading. "The taste is ancient Yuefu, and the words are beautiful." During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Liu Song in the Southern Dynasties, there was a beautiful river one year. He wrote an article (or a poem) to praise and made beautiful sentences, which is very commendable. In the 16th year of Yuanjia, Liu (439), 25-year-old Bao Zhao heard that Jingzhou secretariat and Linchuan Yiqing (Ren Jiangzhou secretariat and Nanjing secretariat) were fond of literature, and even sang poems and asked for an audience. The master stopped and said, "Your position is still very humble, so don't despise your majesty (your position is too light to disturb your majesty easily)." Bao Zhao flew into a rage and said, "There are countless people who have never heard of brain drain for thousands of years!" How can a gentleman accumulate wisdom, so that Ranai can't tell the difference, and he always follows the birds (that is, too many talents in the world are buried). How can a gentleman hide his wisdom and ability, so that adults can't tell who is a gentleman and who is a villain, and make friends with birds all day? "Master listened to his reproach, afraid, report to Liu Yiqing. Liu Yiqing secretly surprised, gave Bao Zhao twenty silks, and named him assistant minister. Later, it was mentioned as the order of Moling County (governing the county in Jiangning District of Nanjing today). In this way, Bao Zhao followed Liu Yiqing for eight years and had a bright future. Unexpectedly, Liu Yiqing resigned and died in the second year as the Nanjing secretariat, and Bao Zhao lost his appreciation. At this time, Liu saw Bao Zhao's article and praised that no one could surpass him in this dynasty, so he named Bao Zhao as the bookkeeper (secretary) of China. May be feeling that the emperor was tired of his own articles, Bao Zhao soon went to Linhai Zichuan to join the army, and the next year he went to Jingzhou as a secretariat, so he was called "Bao Zhao joined the army". Sadly, however, the so-called Lin Hai Wang is only 7 years old and can't appreciate his talent at all. The so-called joining the army is just seven things. In the second year of Emperor Taishi of the Ming Dynasty (466), Jiangzhou secretariat and Jin Liu rebelled in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) with the support of Jiangzhou secretariat Shi Dengwan (only 1 1 year old). Liu Zikai sent troops to respond, and was defeated and sentenced to death. When Zixu was defeated, Bao Zhao was in Jingzhou. When the imperial army marched into Enemy at the Gates, Jing Zong, the official in charge of public security in Jingzhou, betrayed the original owner and led the army into the city to arrest Liu Zixu. The city immediately fell into chaos. The mutinous soldiers and bandits robbed the library and committed all kinds of evils. Bao Zhao was killed in the chaos at the age of 54. Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Southern Dynasties and the author of poetry criticism monograph "Shi Pin", commented on Bao Zhao in two words: "Only show people's weakness and take the contemporary." Bao Zhao's existing articles, poems and poems are all included in Bao Ji. Eighteen things are accurate-it's hard to walk "is his famous masterpiece, and the sixth case I can't eat is the most respected." "The case is inedible, and the sword hits the column and sighs. When will her husband live and when will Ann hang down her wings? Abandon the office and go home to rest. Going out to say goodbye, dusk is still on the edge. Have a foreplay before going to bed and watch the women weaving in the machine. Since ancient times, sages have been poor, not to mention that our generation is lonely and honest and frank! " ? It is difficult to go to the card of a poem, not the title of the poem. "Can't eat the case" is also a title added by later generations. Bao Zhao's "Difficult to Walk" is a typical Yuefu poem with full charm, clear and vigorous language and straightforward lyricism. ? Bao Zhao has been living at the bottom and running in turmoil. His other achievement is the "troubled times" represented by Wu Chengfu. Wu Cheng Fu was written after he witnessed the chaos in Yangzhou and felt the sufferings of the people. From Yangzhou, there was a prosperous "Caoqu, Axis Kungang". Re-entering the heavy river and entering the customs, the four meetings and five achievements of the village began, and the contrast appeared in the barren altar. "Wood rhyme Shan Gui, wild mouse city fox", and finally played the piano and sang "The border wind is urgent, the city is cold, and the well diameter is destroyed." Chiyo, what do you say? "Sigh. As a result, Yangzhou has the nickname "Wuhu City". Li Bai was most influenced by Bao Zhao's style of writing, so Du Fu commented that Li Bai was "fresh and fresh, Geng Kaifu, and Junyi Bao joined the army", saying that Li Bai's poems were as elegant and handsome as Bao Zhao and as fresh and beautiful as Geng Xin (a literary master of the Northern and Southern Dynasties). Finally, historians concluded that Bao Zhao was one of the "Three Masters of Yuanjia", saying that his literary achievements surpassed those of Xie Lingyuan and Yan Yanzhi, two other masters in the Southern Dynasties. Influenced by it, his sister Bao was also a poetess at that time. In addition, Mr. Wang Feng wrote in Huaihai Evening News that Bao Zhao was the first person to use Chinese characters, and he used poems to do puzzles of "well", "turtle" and "earth". Legend of Bao Zhao's Tomb? Bao Zhao's tomb is on the west bank of Xichi outside Huangmei County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province. There is a folklore that he was buried here: in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a farmer named Wan cultivated land here and found a new grave in the rice field overnight. Although he was strange, he accepted it, and left an extra plow for him when he was plowing, turning "leaving a plow" into the "ancestral training" of the Wan family, so that the Wan family could treat this nameless grave well from generation to generation. After the Sui Dynasty opened the imperial examination, the Wan family always had a shadow named "Liu" to help them succeed in the imperial examination, and claimed that the Wan family was very kind to him. Ten thousand family members thought a lot before they thought of "leaving farmland". Wan's family rebuilt the tomb after graduating from high school, and learned from the bamboo slips buried with him that the owner of the tomb was the great writer Bao Zhao. Bao Zhao's original tomb was destroyed and rebuilt by Yu Changlie, a magistrate in the 25th year of Qing Daoguang (1845). The scholar donated five acres of land as a sacrifice, and wrote a poem as a souvenir: "For the love of Qu and Song, the bones of Chu poems were buried ... The existing tomb is 2 meters high and the bottom diameter is more than 2 meters. There is a stone tablet engraved with the words" Southern Song Dynasty joined the army to cover the cemetery ". & gt